Audiology

Acoustic Reflex Thresholds in Normal, Cochlear, and Retrocochlear lesions.

Navid Shahnaz

The cut off points of 90th percentile of acoustic reflex thresholds were determined in the normal and sensory hearing loss.All subjects had measurable hearing(ANSI-1969≤110 dBHL) in three frequencies of 500,1000 and 2000Hz.While hearing loss was more than 55dB, The cut off point was higher in studies that NR responses was included.In cases that hearing loss was less than 75dB 90th percentile can be used in diganosis of retrochochlear lesions.Since Acoustic reflexes are absent in both mentioned pathologies in greater amount of hearing loss,It would be less efficient in diffrential diganisis of cochlear and retrochochlear lesions to use acoustic reflex thresholds under the mentioned circumstances.

Application of Ultrasound in Audiology

Farzad Rahimi

Diagnostic ultrasound is a beneficial technique which can be used the audiologists based on essential instruction. Although there are a lot of barriers in relation to the size of the probe and the resolution of the pictures which are obtained, with this method some kind of information can be gained that is impossible to get by any other method. The ability of real- time A and B modes for direct visualization makes them useful tools to study the changes of the ear structures. Ultrasound system is a useful method to evaluate dizzy patients, which can be potentially used along with vestibular tests.

the application of Pure Tone Audiometery in Children's hearing Evaluation(part 2)

Mahnaz Ahmadi

Hearing function can affect communication skills and especially speech and language abilities.As a result, most of the attempts in behavioral audiometry have focused on the improvement and rectification of the techniques for hearing evaluations of the infants and children.Crib-O-gram and the methods suggested by northern & Downs are some of the mentioned protocols.For years a significant advance for evaluating hearing sensitivity of children have been taken place. say, behavioral visual audiometry, VRA, TROCA and play audiometry. some studies also have been performed regarding to the use of BOA technique in mental retarded children and its success in evaluating hearing sensitivity in such children.other protocols use rewarding techniques for reinforcing child's responses which have been demonstrated to be success in the evaluation.In addition,by comparing the results of frequency and intensity discrimination (by means of Luescher test), the changes in the resonance frequency of the outer ear and loudness comfortable level(LDL), one can study the process of hearing development in children.

History of evolusion of auditory tests evaluating function of peripheral auditory system:A review article(part 2)

Farzad Mobedshahi

In the current article we will have a look at the evolution of audiological tests. Based on the Olsen's theory, having knowledge about the history of audiological evaluation is not a platitudinous issue, Rather an audiologist should have a comprehensive knowledge about it and be involved in its progress. In this way he can attain enough expertise and science to make use of the technology.The oldest history regarding to this issue goes back to the 16th century, although It should be considered that other related investigations about sound, hearing and related fields has heretofore been performed and the relevant investigators should not be ignored.

infants' hearing loss

Homa Zarin koob

This is a study performed following the study between the years 1980 to 1982 to investigate risk factors and diagnostic and rehabilitative patterns in a group of newborns suffered hearing loss in a city centre. The current findings which have been attained from 1983 to 1988 manifested that just one third of the deaf newborns can be tracked by means of common auditory evaluation tests in the Neonatal Intense Care Unit (NICU). Although these newborns have been followed sooner than the infants in the Well Baby Nursery (WBN). The age for enrolling in the Parent-Infant Program for both groups is approximately 20 month. During these 8 years it has been detected that the common age for taking part in the rehabilitative programs for newborns is 1 year or more greater than that recommended by Joint Committee on infant hearing

cochlear Implant

Mehrnaz Karimi

People with profound hearing loss are not able to use some kinds of conventional amplifiers due to the nature of their loss. In these people, hearing sense is stimulated only when the auditory nerve is activated via electrical stimulation. This stimulation is possible through cochlear implant. In fact, for the deaf people who have good mental health and can not use surgical and medical treatment and also can not benefit from air and bone conduction hearing aids, this device is used if they have normal central auditory system. The basic parts of the device included: Microphone, speech processor, transmitter, stimulator and receiver, and electrode array.

Sudden sensory-neural hearing loss

Fariba Slambol Nassaj

Sudden hearing loss is a type of hearing loss that occurs in three successive frequencies by more than 30 dB and in less than 72 hours. Every 10 person in 100000 in the world and 25000 people in USA suffer this kind of hearing loss. The average age of the onset is 43 years old.

the role of corpus callosum in hearing process

Ahmadreza nazeri

The corpus callosum is a group of nerve fibers that connect both sides of the brain and allow them to communicate. In the current article we are aimed at discussing the special functions of each hemisphere and the role that corpus callosum plays in many cognitive functions that will led in the interaction of the operations of the hemispheres. Corpus callosectomy can affects hearing abilities and other communicative functions.

Functional Neurochemistry of the auditory system

Nourollah Agha Ebrahimi

Functional Neurochemistry is one of the fields of studies in the auditory system which has had an outstanding development in the recent years. Many of the findings in the mentioned field had led not only the basic auditory researches but also the clinicians to new points of view in audiology.

Here, we are aimed at discussing the latest investigations in the Functional Neurochemistry of the auditory system and have focused this review mainly on the researches which will arise flashes of hope for future clinical studies.

Electronystagmography in head trauma

Rahim Ghanbari

We presented the case of a thirty three-year-old woman experienced an accident with a motorbike. She had not any history of otological, neurological or audiological problems before the accident neither any traumatic experience before this time.Patient explained a feeling of dizziness and vertigo after trauma and not being able of diagnosing her situation. She had a severe trauma in her forehead, and pain in her neck. Although no significant radiological findings were reported in the day of the accident. She has come back the day after the accidents with chief complain of vertigo, imbalance, nausea and vomiting. Patient had undertaken the audiological and balance system evaluations whose findings have been reported in the current article.

The latest trends in treatment of Meniere’s disease(part1)

Abdolhamid Hosein nia

Treatment of Menier's disease includes medication and surgery. Most of the articles in the field of surgery has been published on the endolymphatic sac and the reports of the vestibular neurectomy are in the second place. Injection of Gentamycine into the tympanic cavity is a new treatment method. Traditional medical treatment of Menier's disease consist of diet, physiotherapy, psychological preparation and medical treatment. Most of the consider diuretics and low salt diet as the basis of medical treatment. In this review article the effect of different diuretic drugs and different surgical methods on the Menier's disease treatment is discussed

Hearing Aid Selection for Severe to Profound Hearing Impairment (part 2)

Leyla Jalilvand karimi

Hearing aid selection as the first step in modifying the hearing loss is a critical point . people with severe to profound hearing loss need special consideration. In order to determine the amount of gain and output of hearing aids, some formula are presented. Although most of these formula are planned for mild to moderate hearing loss, they are used for severe to profound hearing losses. POGO method is one of these formula. This method, based on halving the hearing threshold, is not suitable for profound hearing loss. There are some considerations in revising this method for severe to profound hearing loss and its name has changed to POGO II, too.

Autoimmune disease

Farnoosh Jarollahi

Clinical and experimental studies have proved in the recent decade that Immune- mediated Diseases hurt inner ear. Autoimmunity dysfunction of the inner ear can be caused by systematic or local diseases. The Autoimmune pathogenesis and suspected Antigens causing Autoimmunity dysfunction are yet to be detected.

Clinical procedures and laboratory experiments may follow a fixed pattern or be completely different. Experimental treatment of autoimmune diseases has lit the hopes, although more experiments are still needed

Diagnosis deafness in a child

Robabeh Taghavi

It is difficult for clinicians to make parents aware of any disease or permanent handicap of their children.It is crucial to have vivid picture of the reactions to such crisis in order to manage severe psychological effects of the mentioned situations such as depression and unhappiness. Confronting the situation parents have diverse feelings regarding the pregnancy period, birth time and handicap diagnosis and these are the factors that shape the parent’s upcoming reactions. Common feedbacks to the crisis are refusing the problem, keeping their child away from society, the emotions that provoke disappointment, asking about the reasons for hearing loss, referring to religion, condemning the physician, feeling sin and changing doctor frequently. When parent accept the situation and that hearing could not recurrent and understanding the natural reasons back on their child’s handicap, they can manage the situation constructively.