|||  Journal title: Audiology | Publisher: Tehran University of Medical Sciences | Website: http://aud.tums.ac.ir | Email: aud@tums.ac.ir   |||
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Showing 328 results for Type of Study: Research

Seyed Kamaledin Setareh Dan,
Volume 3, Issue 1 (4-1996)
Abstract

Since common audiometric evaluations are performed by subjective tests in which patient&aposs cooperation is required, the importance of systems which are made to obtain auditory evoked potentials in infants, young children and difficult-to- test patients can be accentuated. This article firstly refers to the theory of the mechanism and function used in designing the auditory evoked potentials systems and then the procedure of planning and producing this instrument is explained.


Mahnaz Ahmadi,
Volume 3, Issue 1 (4-1996)
Abstract

Estimation of the age of hearing loss diagnosis in every society is recommended to be compared with standard criteria to establish common dirth in management and rehabilitation. This study was conducted in order to determine the age of hearing loss diagnosis with respect to common criteria in Baghche-Ban school of hard of hearing children in Tehran.Methods:  In this retrospective cross-sectional study, 445 children in stages 2, 6 and 10 of Baghche-Ban school of hard of hearing participated. the research was performed by means of the three-stages questionaires that children filled with help of their parents.Results: The mean age of detection of hearing loss  in both acquired and congenital hearing loss in children was 3.5 year-old. while the age in which hearing loss was doubted was 1.8 year-old. In another word the mean age of hearing loss detection decreased as the hearing loss increases(in moderate- profound hearing loss)(P<0.01).Conclusion: among the refrence sources for refering children with hearing loss the least refering was related to physicians. Adversly the mean age of doubting and detection of hearing loss increased in children with family history of hearing loss.(P<0.01). Meanwhile no relationship was detected between the age of diagnosis of hearing loss and the number of deaf members in the family(P<0.02).


Abdollah Mousavi, Mahin Sedaie,
Volume 4, Issue 1 (5-1996)
Abstract

In the current study the hearing of 400 ears of male and female students were examined. The gola of this study was to:1. Determine the possibility of hearing loss in the mentioned age group.2. Find out whether gender can affect hearing loss or not?The results of this study are as follows:1. 8.5% of the examined ears appeared to be impacted by cerumen in otoscopic evaluation.2. 11.6% of the ears manifested to suffer tympanic membrane abnormalities.3. The rate of tymapanic membrane abnormalities and hearing loss in the examined girls was higher than boys.


Saeed Farahani, Ahmad Keshani,
Volume 4, Issue 1 (5-1996)
Abstract

Hearing conservation is one of the useful programs in industrial audiology. Few studies have been reported on this issue. Performing this program is always accompanied with some problems, In a way that lacking enough attention can cause deviation from the main instructions  in the program. In the current study we will first of all, have a look on the academic foundations of a hearing conservation program and then will discuss performing such a program in Pars- Minoo Company which have been performed by the audiology department of Tehran university of medical sciences in the winter 1995 in Tehran.


Elaheh Shariat Razavi, Yahya Modarresi, Forugh Shafiee, Firouz Azardegan, Seyyed Mohsen Bani Hashemi,
Volume 5, Issue 1 (5-1998)
Abstract

A concise Description of Non-linguistic features (Such as Familial, educational and Health information) and linguistic skills in hard of hearing children will be helpful in compensating for their disabilities. In the current study we studied 75 school-Children with average hearing Thresholds of 55-70dB in better ear. All the subjects aged between 8-16years-old with the average age of 11.04.We studied 27 non-linguistic variables by using questionnaire and 32 grammatical variables by studying evoked speech in the participants. The average utterance length of the subjects was estimated 2.763 words. 29% of the all participants' utterances was accurate and just 16.3% of the verbs were produced accurately.One of the most common errors in sentence and verb level, was the mistaken ably omitting of the structural features, the tense problem of the verb and also the mismatching between subject and verb. We also observed a significant correlation between some non-linguistic features such as grade, previous education in conventional schools and the rate of hearing aid usage and the number of accurate utterances in participants.


Abdollah Mousavi, Bahram Jalaei,
Volume 5, Issue 1 (5-1998)
Abstract

Masking is a necessary part in ABR test the same as other Audiological experiments to obtain the real responses without the intrusion of the other ear. In the current research we are aimed at studying the effect of the masking noise on the pure latency of wave V and interwave latencies of I-III, III-V and I-V. Noise was delivered to the non test ear with intensities of 0, 30, 50 and 70 dB in four different sessions while the intensity level of the stimulus was fixed in all four sessions.


Farnoush Jarollahi, Mohammad Kamali, Abdollah Mousavi, Kazem Mohammad,
Volume 5, Issue 1 (5-1998)
Abstract

Background: hearing loss is a major health care problem that tends to retard the developmental milestones of children. It takes early detection and intervention to avoid a permanent loss in acquisition of speech and cognitive functions. Hence, the importance of hearing screening in all children especially in the developing world for accurate statistics and early intervention is clear. This work was aimed at predicting hearing in children by means of acoustic reflex measurements
Method: In this study which was performed in 1995, 146 ears(86 children aged between 5-10years old referring to audio logy clinic in Tehran university of medical sciences between august 1995 and February 1996) were evaluated (amongst 95 were normal and 51 ears with SNHL<84dB).the methods Niemeyer and Destrehan formula ,Lilly2 equation, un weighed Sensitivity prediction by acoustic reflex, weighed sensitivity prediction by acoustic reflex to establish their clinical viability.
Results: findings demonstrated that weighed sensitivity prediction by acoustic reflex(WASPAR) have a good correlation with conventional audiometric evaluation(K=.78) and also it has good sensitivity, Specificity , Negative predicted value(NPA) and positive predicted value (PPV).
Conclusion: In case that conventional audiometry is not applicable, WASPAR is a good objective choice in lieu of subjective tests.


Masoumeh Rouzbehani, Abdollah Mousavi, Majid Norouzi,
Volume 6, Issue 1 (8-1998)
Abstract

Objectives: we were aimed at studying the difference in the effect of noise and pure tone on the residual inhibition in patients suffering tinnitus.
Method: patients were selected among whom referred to audiology clinic in Ran faculty of rehabilitation sciences and aged between 20-70 years old. Our method in studying patients was experimental- masking with pure tone was performed in patients who had experienced partial residual inhibition with noise.
Results the differences between the masking methods was not statistically significant.
Conclusion: it seems that no significant differences exist between the two mentioned methods in masking tinnitus.


Daryoush Beigi,
Volume 6, Issue 1 (8-1998)
Abstract

The incidence of severe hearing loss after coronary artery bypass graft surgery has been as rare as 1/1000 surgery (Plasse et al., 1981). To evaluate possible changes in the auditory status, audiograms were taken before and after this operation. Our objectives were to: 1) evaluate hearing losses that were not necessarily severe and 2) examine the factors associated with any auditory insult. we selected patients among a group without any history of hearing problems and the intake of any ototoxic drugs. All patients underwent careful examination and hearing evaluation the day prior to surgery. 6 days after surgery they were examined again and asked about any hearing problems or experience of tinnitus. Various operative details were taken and the post-operative drug record examined. Patients who were too ill for retesting, or who had been given sedative or ototoxic drugs or opiate analgesia, were dropped from the study. The whole procedure was repeated on a control group of 20 patients who were having thorocotomy but without being placed on a cardiopulmonary bypass. From the bypass sample of 40 ears, five of them (four individuals) had an individually statistically significant high-frequency hearing loss. The results showed a statistically significant difference between the bypass group and the control group, with the bypass patients having worse threshold shifts following the operation.Discriminant analyses have shown that those patients suffering hearing impairment may be discriminated principally with four variables: the patient's age, minimum temperature and minimum blood pressure during the operation, and the time on bypass.


Marjan Sabri Leghayi, Alireza Karimi,
Volume 6, Issue 1 (8-1998)
Abstract

Background and objectives: This article is aimed at: 1.studying the relationship between Bone conduction pure tone thresholds and speech reception thresholds via bone conduction in normal patients 2.studying the stability and repeatability of the speech reception thresholds via bone conduction and 3. Comparing the characteristics of the function of the speech gain via bone conduction with that of air conduction.
Method: 60 normal hearing subjects (30 males and 30 females) were evaluated by air conduction pure tone audiometry, bone conduction pure tone audiometry and speech reception thresholds.
Results: Findings for the mentioned tests in all subjects were statistically insignificant. The results are prepared in tables and charts.
Conclusion: Pure tone thresholds and speech reception thresholds acquired by means of air conduction testing and bone conduction testing and the stability and repeatability were similar in both evaluations.


Mahnaz Niaparast, Abdollah Mousavi,
Volume 6, Issue 1 (8-1998)
Abstract

Objectives: The current study was performed to establish the prevalence rate of hearing disorders in school age children.
Method: This study has been performed in a randomized manner among 1000 school-age children (500 girls and 500 boys) in the years between1976-1997 in Behbehan. All subjects underwent Audiometric evaluations, Otoscopy, and impedance audiometry. Additionally, parents, children and teachers were interviewed or asked by questionnaires regarding the familial status of parents, familial history of any hearing loss and the awareness of suffering hearing loss. The findings have been prepared in the charts and tables and the relationship between age and gender of the subjects with the incidence of hearing loss has been evaluated via the statistical test X² and hearing loss in left and right ear was compared by T-test.
Results: the findings demonstrated that 6.6% of the subjects suffered hearing loss in one ear (2.2%) or both ears (4.3%). 4.8% of the patients suffered conductive hearing loss while 1.6% suffered sensory-neural hearing loss. In .2% patients complained different types of hearing loss in the ears. Hearing loss was mostly slight and the relationship between age and gender with the incidence of hearing loss was not statistically significant.
Conclusion: Based on the findings we have concluded that in18.4% of the subjects, medical treatment was required and 0.7% of them were in need of rehabilitation. The percentage of the awareness of the hearing disorders among children, parents and teachers was 21.2%, 22.7% and 15.2% respectively.


Vahid Shieh Zadeh, Ali Asghar Kako Jouybari, Seyyed Ali Akbar Tahayee, Ghasem Mohamad Khani, Mohammad Reza Keyhani,
Volume 6, Issue 1 (8-1998)
Abstract

Background: The current article is aimed at evaluating speech recognition scores in hearing aid wearers to determine whether nonsense syllables are suitable speech materials to evaluate the effectiveness of their hearing aids.
Method: Subjects were 60 children (15 males and 15 females) with bilateral moderate and moderately severe sensorineural hearing impairment who were aged between 7.7-14 years old. Gain prescription was fitted by NAL method. Then speech evaluation was performed in a quiet place with and without hearing aid by using a list of 25 monosyllable words recorded on a tape. A list was prepared for the subjects to check in the correct response. The same method was used to obtain results for normal subjects.
Results: The results revealed that the subjects using hearing aids achieved significantly higher SRS in comparison of not wearing it. Although the speech recognition ability was not compensated completely (the maximum score obtained was 60%) it was also revealed that the syllable recognition ability in the less amplified frequencies were decreased. the SRS was very higher in normal subjects (with an average of 88%).
Conclusion: It seems that Speech recognition score can prepare Audiologist with a more comprehensive method to evaluate the hearing aid benefits.


Hamid Golshah,
Volume 7, Issue 1 (5-1999)
Abstract

Today, sound is one of the detrimental factors in the workplace and its harmful impact has been so important that scientists have named it "Noise Pollutions".Hearing is one of the five senses of human being which is also a medium for communicating with other s and enjoying the pleasant feeling of listening to a piece of music. In spite of this, changes in the intensity and frequency of sound can make it annoying. Using Sound Level Meter to measure the dB of noise in the workplace and noise control principles will be discussed here.


Harandi,
Volume 7, Issue 1 (5-1999)
Abstract

Studying noise effect at the workplace has more various aspects than other factors. So it is not surprising that its adverse impact on the physical and mental state of the society has been detected to some extent. There is a significant correlation between the hearing loss and the noise pollution of the workplaces. The most important ways to lessen and control the impact of noise are: substituting the noisy equipments with ones that produce less noise, correcting noise sources and isolating the sound source.In the current study we tried to control the noise level by using various sound absorbents and measured sound level by using these different substances. The results of these measurements have reported in the current article in details.


Fattah Ramezanali, Omid Montazeri, Behnam Yazdani, Mehrangiz Shams,
Volume 7, Issue 1 (5-1999)
Abstract

Noise pollution is the problem of the industrial world that along with noised induced by traffic has become a problem in human life.This is more problematic in Tehran because of the traffic and the accumulation of small or large industries. People are profoundly exposed to the high level noises and there are increasing demands to solve the problem of noise in Tehran or at least alleviate it.In the current article we will have a brief and quick look to the noise making industries, the reason behind the noise pollution and the strategies for facing the disturbing industries.


Nasim Saber Maash,
Volume 7, Issue 1 (5-1999)
Abstract

Noise pollution is one of the major problems for the present time and it can affect the life of human being. Noise pollution is excessive, displeasing human, animal or machine-created environmental noise that disrupts the activity or balance of human or animal life. Researchers have mentioned a lot of devastating effects of noise that can disrupt the physical and psychological health of human beings. Noise pollution has also been considered as an important issue which needs to be solved in industrial countries and also as a main factor that is required to be minimized in factory construction and also in producing machinery. In the current article we are aimed at discussing some solutions that natural environment can bring to mankind regarding the reduction of noise pollution.


Zahra Jafari,
Volume 7, Issue 1 (5-1999)
Abstract

Introduction: Several animal studies have been performed that demonstrates a relationship between the amount of magnesium ion in the plasma and the hearing thresholds following exposure to noise, Mg++ has been considered as an effective factor in  prevention of noise induced hearing loss in animals.The aim of this study was to discover whether Mg for a long period of time have a protective effect on occurrence of Noise Induce Hearing loss.
Method: The subjects were randomly chosen among individuals who were under training in army service for two months. The subjects were treated in a double-blind manner by placebo and magnesium ion. Threshold estimation and blood examination was performed for all subjects before and after treatment. All subjects were exposed to noise during 8 weeks training in the army.
Results: The statistical difference between two groups which was treated with placebo and magnesium ion was significant.
Discussion: This study is compatible with previous in vivo observations and animal studies demonstrating the protective effects of magnesium on noise-induced impairment of inner ear.


Mahin Gharavi,
Volume 7, Issue 1 (5-1999)
Abstract

We prepared 300 eggs from Isfahan Poultry farm industrial complex. All the eggs were fertilized and their average weight in the first turn was 61±2gr, in the second turn was 60±.5gr and in the third turn was 59.5±.5gr which was measured 6 hours after laying eggs. We were aimed at studying the effect of magnesium chlorate on the fetus chicken in preventing stress induced sound 6 weeks after birth.The eggs were divided into four groups and prepared magnesium chlorate with a concentration of 2.5 /100 ml. the first group contained of 25 eggs drilled in the air Sac with a small hole and 1cc of magnesium chlorate was injected and the hole was sealed with paraffin. The same procedure was performed for the second group in the 4th embryonic age and in the two control groups. All groups were hatched in the days 21 and 22. The effect of sound was studied in all groups.our research demonstrated that the chickens who received magnesium chlorate during their embryonic stage had more resistance toward noise exposure.


Parvin Nasiri,
Volume 7, Issue 1 (5-1999)
Abstract

Industrialization has had many complications for human beings and has been a threat to social mental and physical health. Vibration induced noises in the workplace is one of the main devastating factor in producing hearing loss in workers.Recently, several investigations on the issue of noise pollution and noise dosimetry and also Noise induced hearing loss have been developed. In the current article we will have a look and sometimes reconsideration on the results and of these studies and will discuss the findings in regard to noise control and management in details.


Rostam Sasani, Parvin Nasiri,
Volume 7, Issue 1 (5-1999)
Abstract

Technology has made people to be exposed to a lot of sources of noise because of the instruments they use at workplace or at home. Dentists are a group of such people who are especially subject to different sources of noise such as high-speed air-turbine headpieces, operated at 300,000 to 400,000 revolutions per minute In the current study we were aimed at measuring noise at the dentists&apos office estimating hearing thresholds in dentists and determining the reason of hearing loss and finally determining the role that work experience e play in the hearing loss occurred.Dentists have been divided into groups based on the work experience and subjects were randomly selected from the dentists of various groups. Sound levels were measured in clinical settings and in a pre-clinical laboratory for estimation of hearing-damage risk among dentists,The findings demonstrated that all dentists regardless of age and gender suffered a notched hearing loss at 6000 Hz. Additionally hearing loss was worse in right ear.Since sound energy of high-speed air-turbine headpieces is mostly concentrated in high frequencies, it can lead in the most possible hearing loss at 6000Hz.



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شنوایی شناسی - دانشگاه علوم پزشکی تهران Bimonthly Audiology - Tehran University of Medical Sciences
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