Background and Aim: Laryngeal muscles contribute in sound production play a key role in specific language. Needle electromyography is the specific complementary method for muscle activity evaluation which is awfully painful and needs serenity of patient. The purpose of this study was to use Surface electromyography as a probable new approach for evaluation of laryngeal muscles activity.
Methods: 34 healthy women and 34 healthy men aged 20-30 years old were enrolled in this study. Each individual was seated in an armchair. Recording electrodes were placed bilaterally (right and left) in the low anterior neck at approximately one centimeter from midline on thyroarytenoid and cricothyroid muscles. Silent activity and fricative voice (/z/ , /ž/) and voiceless (/s/ , /š/) activities were recorded for ten seconds followed by 10 seconds of rest, for 5 repetition. All data were processed and frequency and non linear measurements were assessed. And were compared in time and frequency domain.
Results: Muscle activity in fricative voice in both groups was greater than rest condition (p<0.05). Moreover, muscle activity median frequency was significantly more in men than women (p<0.001).
Conclusion: Activity evaluation of thyroarytenoid and cricothyroid muscles using surface electromyography is difficult in women. That may be due to anatomical features such as length and width of neck in women.

Background and Aim: Conventional balance tests such as electronystagmography and videonystagmography, which are vision-dependant, are not practical in blind patients. Instead, vestibular evoked myogenic potential , not needing any vision, seems to be a more appropriate test for evaluating the vestibular system, in these patients. This study aimed to assess the prevalence and the latencies of p13 and n23 waves among congenitally blind and sighted participants evaluated by vestibular evoked myogenic potential.
Methods: In a cross-sectional study, vestibular evoked myogenic potential was recorded for 20 sighted and 20 congenitally blind subjects, aged 18 to 30 years old, using 500 Hz-tone bursts (95 dBnHL).
Results: Vestibular evoked myogenic potentials responses were present in all (100%) of the participants. Considering the results of the both ears, there was no significant difference between mean p13 and n23 latencies of the two groups (p>0.05).
Conclusion: Formation of vestibular evoked myogenic potentials reflex arc and neural pathway in congenitally blind patients is similar to sighted individuals hence, the development of this pathway is independent of the visual system. Vestibular evoked myogenic potentials test is a useful test to assess vestibular function of the blinds.