Method and Materials: This research is carried out for development and evaluation of 25 phonemically balanced word lists for Persian speaking adults in two separate stages: development and evaluation.In the first stage, in order to balance the lists phonemically, frequency -of- occurrences of each 29phonems (6 vowels and 23 Consonants) of the Persian language in adults speech are determined. This section showed some significant differences between some phonemes&apos frequencies. Then, all Persian monosyllabic words extracted from the Mo ‘in Persian dictionary. The semantically difficult words were refused and the appropriate words choosed according to judgment of 5 adult native speakers of Persian with high school diploma.12 openset 25 word lists are prepared. The lists were recorded on magnetic tapes in an audio studio by a professional speaker of IRIB.In the second stage, in order to evaluate the test&aposs validity and reliability, 60 normal hearing adults (30 male, 30 female), were randomly selected and evaluated as test and retest.Findings:1- Normal hearing adults obtained 92-1 0O scores for each list at their MCL through test-retest.2- No significant difference was observed a/ in test-retest scores in each list (‘P>O.05) b/ between the lists at test or retest scores (P>0.05), c/between sex (P>0.05).
Conclusion: This research is reliable and valid, the lists are phonemically balanced and equal in difficulty and valuable for evaluation of Persian speaking adults speech recognition.

Background: In recent years there has been increased interest in the use of Al for assessing hearing handicap and for measuring the potential effectiveness of amplification system.AI is an expression of proportion of average speech signal that is audible to a given patient, and it can vary between 0.0 to 1.0.
Method and Materials: This cross-sectional analytical study was carried out in department of audiology, rehabilitation, faculty, IUMS form 31 Oct 98 to 7 March 1999, on 40 normal hearing persons (80 ears 19 males and 21 females) and 40 hearing impaired persons (61 ears 36 males and 25 females, 25-65 years old) with moderate to moderately severe SNI-IL The pavlovic procedure (1988) for calculating Al, open set taped standard mono syllabic word lists, and the real -ear probe- tube microphone system to measure insertion gain were used, through test-retest.
Results: 1/A significant correlation was shown between the Al scores and the speech recognition scores of normal hearing and hearing-impaired group with and without the hearing aid (P<0.05) 2/ There was no significant differences in age group & sex: also 3 In test-retest measures of the insertion gain in each test and 4/No significant in test-retest of speech recognition test score.
Conclusion: According to these results the Al can predict the unaided and aided monosyllabic recognition test scores very well, and age and sex variables have no effect on its ability. Therefore with respect to high reliability of the Al results and its simplicity, easy -to- use, cost effective, and little time consuming for calculation, it&aposs recommended the wide use of the Al, especially in clinical situation.

Background and Aim: Evaluation of voice problem involves perceptual, acoustic, aerodynamic and physiological measure. In recent years assessment of patients point of view use as a essential part of evaluation. The aim of this study was construct a questionnaire for assessment of physical, functional and emotional voice problems in adults.
Methods: This study is a kind of constructing battery. Based on a comprehensive study of many foreign questionnaires, "The voice symptoms assessment" questionnaire in adult was produced. Its content validity was determined according to the judgment of 7 speech and language pathologists. This questionnaire administered to 60 voice patients (20 female and 40 male) between 18 to 60 years old that could read and write in Persian. The reliability of this questionnaire is determined by the method of Cronbach Alpha and split half.
Results: Content validity index of this questionnaire was 0.94. Cronbach Alpha was high (more than 0.7) and Spearman-Brown coefficient of split half was 0.96. Correlatoin Coefficient was statistically significant between 3 parts and total questionnaire (p<0.01).
Conclusion: "The voice symptoms assessment" questionnaire in adult has good content validity and reliability and reflects the wide range of physical, functional and emotional problems in voice patients. This questionnaire is simple for patients to complete and easy to score. It seems that use of this questionnaire, as part of a complete voice evaluation will be helpful in future.

Background and Aim: Recently, researchers have increasingly turned to study the relation between stuttering and syntactic complexity. This study investigates the effect of syntactic complexity on the amount of speech dysfluency in stuttering Persian-speaking children and adults in conversational speech. The obtained results can pave the way to a better understanding of stuttering in children and adults, and finding more appropriate treatments.
Methods: In this cross-sectional study, the participants were 15 stuttering adult Persian-speakers, older than 15 years, and 15 stuttering child Persian-speakers of 4-6 years of age. In this study, first a 30 minute sample of the spontaneous speech of the participants was provided. Then the utterances of each person were studied in respect to the amount of dysfluency and syntactic complexity. The obtained information was analyzed using paired samples t-test.
Results: In both groups of stuttering children and adults, there was a significant difference between the amount of dysfluency of simple and complex sentences (p<0.05).
Conclusion: The results of this study showed that an increase in syntactic complexity in conversational speech, increased the amount of dysfluency in stuttering children and adults. Moreover, as a result of increase of syntactic complexity, dysfluency had a greater increase in stuttering children than stuttering adults.

Background and Aims: The dichotic listening subtest is considered as an important component of the test battery for auditory processing assessment in both children and adults. A randomized dichotic digits test (RDDT) was created to compensate for sensitivity weakness of double digits when detecting abnormal ear asymmetry during dichotic listening. The aim of this study was the development and initial evaluation of the Persian randomized dichotic digits test.

Method: Persian digits 1-10 (except for the bisyllabic digit, 4) uttered by a native Persian language speaker were recorded in a studio. After alignment of intensity and temporal characteristics of digit waveforms, lists 1 and 2 of the RDDT were reproduced. List 1 of the test was administered at 55 dBHL on 50 right-handed normal hearing individuals (with an equal sex ratio) in the age group of 18-25 years and hearing thresholds of 15 dBHL or better in audiometric frequencies.

Results: Mean (standard deviation) percent-correct score for right and left ears and right ear advantage of the subjects was 94.3 (5.3), 84.8 (7.7), and 9.5 (7.0) percent, respectively. Sixty percent of the subjects showed normal results and unilateral and bilateral deficits were seen in 24 percent and 16 percent, respectively.

Conclusion: It seems the Persian version of RDDT is the same as the original test as it is able to test ear asymmetry , unilateral and bilateral deficits in dichotic listening.