Journal of Hayat

Survey incidence of nosocomial pneumonia resultingfrom aspiration amony the hospitalized patients in the ntensive care unit of Tehran University of medical sciences in 1999

Z Parsa yekta

The objectives of this analytical-descriptive study were determinig the incidence of nosocomial pneumonia as a result of aspiration among the hospitalized patients in the intensive care units of Tehran university of medical sciences in 1999.For collecting data, the applied instruments consisted of: Glucose oxidase tape, thermometers, blood tests, chest radiography, culture from endotracheal secretions and checklists.The samples, consisting 80 patients, were assigned into 2 groups according to the day starting gavage: the first group included 50 patients from the first day connecting to ventilator and second group included 30 patients from the second day connecting to ventilator.Following nearly 5 months of sampling incidence of nosocomial pneumonia resulting from aspiration estimated to 31.2%with an interval estimation of 21%<<41 %. Moreover, incidence of nosocomial pneumonia lacking aspiration estimated to 18.7% with an interval estimation of 1 l%<<27%.The results indicated that remaining the nosogastric tube and early gavaging of the patients under ventilation can be effective risk factors in the incidence of nosocomial pneumonia. Furthermore, the most pulmonary infiltration was happened in the upper lobe of the right pulmonary. Therefore, it could be supposed that the patients during aspiration had been mainly slept on their back.

Survey effect of energy therapy method on anxiety and incidence of cardiac Dysrhythmia inpatients under cardiac catheterization

M Zolfaghari

This study was conducted to determine the effect of energy therapy Method on anxiety and incidence ofcardiacdysrhythmiainpatientsundercatheterization.Thenvestigated units consisted of 68 patients that were randomly assigned into 3 groups: 26 patients in case group, 21 patients in placebo group and 21 patients in control group . The case group underwent the course of study through energy therapy method for 10-15 minutes ,one hour before catheterization. Furthemore, placebo group received mimic energy therapy within the same period of time, i. e (the method was the same as energy therapy except in this method no energy was transferred, and the procedure was unreal and mimicking). Moreover the control group received no treatment.For collection of data, the questionare and observation checklist were used. The anxiety of the patients was measured through speilberger anxiety -test, an hour before and during catheterization.The cardiac dysrhythmia and dysrhythmia during catheterization were recorded on an observation checklist.The results showed that energy therapy had a significant effect on the situational anxiety of the investigated units in case group and through energy therapy, their anxiety were reduced, (p=000)however, it had no considerable effect on the anxiety related to the characteristic of the individuals. In addition to the above, energy therapy could be effective in reducing the incidence of cardiac dysrhythmia such as: sinus tachycardia, (p=0.00005),V.T (p=0.005), PAC(p=0.001)and PVC.(p=0.01) The results also showed that energy therapy is a method reducing the anxiety of the patients in catheterization room, it could also be effective in reducing the complications such as cardiac dysrhythmia regarding to catheterization. Therefore, the investigation hypothesis was approved.

Survey determination of applying disinfection and sterilization methods in operating rooms in hospitals ofMalayer in 1999

F Fatorehchi

In this descriptive research, the application of disinfection and sterilization methods in three hospitals of Malayer was surveyed.The objectives of this study were determining disinfection and sterilization application methods in physical place ,surgical hand scrub, sugical site prepartion and preparing the metal, plastic and linen instruments.For collecting data, an observation checklist was used.The results showed that application of disinfection and sterilization methods evaluated in physical place 30.18%, surgical hand scrub 58.68%, Preparing surgical site 39.93%, metal instruments 77. 96%plastic instruments 40.97%and linen instruments 70.46% respectively. The results also indicated that application of disinfection and sterilization methods evaluated totally in hospital number one 54.75%, hospital number two 48.89%and in hospital number three 55.73%) respectively.Using T-test(a=0.05), the findings revealed that there was not a significant statistical difference among the surveyed hospitals.For further investigation ,it is suggested that the effect of training on the application of disinfection and sterilization methods in operating rooms to be studied.

Survey the effect of nitroglycerin ointment on primary dysmenorrhea among the students resident of selecteddormitory of Tehran university of medical sciences in 1999

M Modarres

This study was a randomized double - blind controlled clinical trial to investigate the effect of nitroglycerine ointment on primary dysmenorrhea and its side effects among the students resident of selected dormitory of Tehran university of medical sciences in 1999.The investigated units consisted of 112 students suffering from primary dysmenorrhea grade 2 and 3.The samples were randomly assigned into two equal groups : control Group (56 students )and experimental group (56 students )as well.The severity of pain and side effects were evaluated once before and five times after applying the ointment. Then ,a comparison was made to assess the effect of drug and placebo on two groups according to severity of pain and side effects.The results showed that severity of pain in case group was significantly lower than control group during 30 minutes and one, two and four hours after applying the ointment, (in all cases p=o.oo)Moreover , 15 -30 minutes after applying the ointment, it was effective in relieving pain and it reached its highest degree when two hours passed, then the effectiveness of the ointment in relieving pain was reduced , but it continued to be effective within four hours after applying as well. Furthermore, the findings revealed that 5 mg of Nitroglycerine 1% was effective in relieving primary dysmenorrhea, however, it was accompanied with following side effects in two groups: headache 21.4% in case group VS 1.8% in control group (p=0.00), dizziness 21.4%in case group VS 1.8% in control group (p=0.00), hotflashing 35.7% in case group vs 1.8% in control group (p=0.00), arrhythmia 10.8% in case group VS 0% in control group (p= C.05), a significant falling in systolic and diastolic blood pressure (p=0.05) and a significant increasing in heart beat. (p=0.05).

Survey effective factors on childbirth with an interval of less or more than two years among women referred tohealth clinics of Zahedan in 1997-1998

Z Moudi

This was an analytical study that was conducted to determine effective factors on childbirth with an interval of less or more than two years in health clinics of Zahedan in 1997-1998.The samples consisted of 400 women with a childbirth interval of less than two years and 800 women with a childbirth interval of more than two years. The women with the following criteria were surveyed: gestational age at the time of delivery (27 months or more ), no abortion during the interval of two last childbirth and living with their husbands during the investigation period. Moreover, women's demographic data (such as age, education), the quality of their last pregnancies, the role of men in contraception and the contraceptive methods were also analyzed.The results indicated that there was a significant relationship between the follwing variables and establishing an interval of childbirth: maternal delivery age, education, number of male children and the number of the last pregnancy with an interval of childbirth (pRegarding the unwanted pregnancies, the findings revealed that lactation 15.83% and lactation pills 53% were caused childbirth with an interval of less than two years, while, IUD 76.47% caused childbirth with an interval of more than two years and contraceptive injections 46.43% caused an interval of 2-3 years.There was a significant statistically relationship between contraceptive method and childbirth interval (p <0.001 ).The participation of couples in establishing childbirth interval and applying IUD were confident methods in performing a childbirth interval of more than three years.It is recommended that women should be trained enough for the role of lactation as a contraceptive method. They also required training to apply other contraceptive methods coincidental.

Survey side effects of transferring neonates to specialized center in Esfahan on the neonatal mortality rate

Z Parsa yekta

This was an analytical-descriptive study on determination of relationship between physiological variables of the neonates when admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit and mortality rate amony transferred neonates to a specialized center of Esfahan university of medical sciences.In this research, seventy neonates who were transferred to this center were randomly according to Poasan model selected.On the time of admitting neonates to this center, their VS, BS and ABG were immediately checked and the results recordered. The neonates were followed until they were discharged or expired. For data analysis, the descriptive statistical methods and Spearman correlational coefficient were used.The results indicated that 31.4% of the transferred neonates expired. The relationship between mortality rate and birth weight was meaningful. Furthermore, there was a significant relationship in physiological variables of the neonates when admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit(P<0.01).These results can be applied in nursing services management, nursing education and national programming in order to establish special teams for neonatal transferring.

The role of midwives in the maternal safety and reproductive health

T Mirmolaei

In an international project in 1987, the world health organization (WHO), UNICEF, UNFPA and the world bank suggested the maternal safety program and the following objectives were considered:1. Reducing maternal mortality from 1990 to 2000 to the half of thepresent rate throughout the prenatal care2. Availability of the whole pregnant women to the prenatal care,qualified personnel during the delivery and required facilities fortransferring women in high risk pregnancies and midwifery emergencies.3. Availability of appropriate services and information to prevent low ageand high age pregnancies ,short interval pregnancies and multiparous.Since 1987, an international cooperation has been established to support the maternal safety program.Relating to this program, essential changes in the structure of the health services system, in laws and policies and also in training programs of medical doctors ,midwives and other related professions have been made.The international confederation of midwifery (ICM), a professional organization of midwifery, and also midwifery societies in the developed countries are the most active organizations involved in providing maternal safety program. Some researches relating to this program was performed in some undeveloped and developing countries such as Africa, Asia and latin America. Some confernces and congresses were also held.Researchers have indicated that traditional midwifery can not be successed in reducing the rate of maternal mortality unless be supervised by qualified midwives.Since in our country and some other developing countries, the rate of maternal mortality and morbidity is high, therefore the maternal safety program should be perfectly performed and midwives should do their best in applying this program.WHO declared midwives are responsible for the maternal safety program performance, and they will be supported by WHO in different ways, WHO also announced the year 1998 as the maternal safety year.Thus, as midwives, we should recognize our essential role in this program and in other national and international reproductive health programs.