Iranian Journal of Diabetes and Lipid Disorders

Changes in Cyclooxygenase Enzymes and Liver Tissue Antioxidants Following Aerobic Exercise and using Pineapple Extract in Mice with Skin Cancer

Hossein Abednatanzi

Background: The aim of the present study was to study the changes in the expression of Cox-1 and Cox-2 genes in liver tissue and tumor volume after aerobic exercise and consumption of pineapple extract in mice with skin cancer.
Methods: This fundamental-laboratory study was conducted on 32 male C57BL/6 mice in four groups including control, aerobic exercise, pineapple extract and aerobic-pineapple exercise. After tumor induction, the animals underwent aerobic training program for six weeks and pineapple extract was gavage at 300mg/kg. The weight and tumor volume of mice were measured. After obtaining blood and tissue samples, expression of Cox-1 and Cox-2 genes in liver tissue was done by RT-PCR method. Then the data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance, two-factor analysis of variance and post hoc test, and the significance level of p≤0.05 was considered.
Results: Compared to the control group, aerobic exercise and pineapple-exercise showed a significant decrease in tumor volume and a decrease in the expression of Cox-1 (0.59±0.97) and Cox-2 (0.5±0.4) gene expression in the aerobic-Pineapple compared to the control group (1±0) (p≤0.05). Cox1 gene expression increased significantly in the Aerobic exercise group, but a significant decrease was observed in the pineapple-Aerobic group. Also, Cox2 gene expression in the liver tissue in the exercise group Aerobic and interactive Aerobic-pineapple group had a significant decrease compared to the control, but in the pineapple group compared to the control, the difference in the expression of this gene was not significant.
Conclusion: The results of the present study showed that the expression of Cox 1 gene was significantly increased in the aerobic training group and significantly decreased in the pineapple-training group. Cox-2 gene expression in the liver tissue in the aerobic training group and the pineapple-training interactive group had a significant decrease compared to the control, because the Cox-2 enzyme is related to inflammation and pain, angiogenesis, cancer and Alzheimer's disease. Therefore, it can be concluded that its inhibition or reduction can be considered as a promising and effective strategy for the treatment and prevention of cancer.

The Effect of Visfatin Rs61330082 Gene Polymorphism on Serum Level of Visfatin, Type 2 Diabetes and Insulin Resistance in an Iranian Population

Masoumeh Nezhadali

Background: Type 2 diabetes is a metabolic disease and the most common endocrine disorder. Visfatin is a cytokine with insulin-mimetic effects which is associated with diabetes. The rs61330082 polymorphism is located in the promoter region of visfatin gene and regulates visfatin gene expression. The aim of this study is to investigate the association of rs61330082 polymorphism of the visfatin gene with biochemical and anthropometric variables, visfatin level, diabetes and insulin resistance.
Methods: This case‑control study was performed on 80 patients with type 2 diabetes and 80 controls (persons without diabetes). Biochemical and anthropometric parameters were determined using standard methods. Insulin and visfatin levels were measured by ELISA method. Genotype was determined by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism method. The data was analyzed with SPSS software.
Results: LDL-C level in healthy people and fasting blood sugar level in patients showed a significant difference in carriers of rs61330082 polymorphism genotypes. No associations was found between visfatin level and single nucleotide polymorphism rs61330082 in the current study. Regression analysis showed that genotypes of rs61330082 polymorphism are not significantly associated with type 2 diabetes and insulin resistance.
Conclusion: The rs61330082 polymorphism is associated with LDL-C in healthy subjects and FBS in patients with T2D. Visfatin rs61330082 polymorphism is not associated with visfatin level and type 2 diabetes and insulin resistance.

Etiological Investigation of Permanent Congenital Hypothyroidism in Neonates

SrajDin Arefni

Background: Congenital hypothyroidism is one of the important preventable causes of mental restriction in children. Considering the importance of the etiology of the disease in the better management of patients in the later years of life and adulthood, this study was conducted with the aim of investigating the etiology of permanent congenital hypothyroidism in patients referred to children's clinic in Gorgan.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 75 children's files with permanent congenital hypothyroidism. The diagnosis of the disease was made based on the findings of the technetium 99 thyroid scan after the completion of the three-year treatment period. Laboratory results, thyroid scan and information related to risk factors were extracted from patients' files.
Results: 56% of newborns were boys, 32% were born in winter and 61.3% were from Persian ethnicity. The most diagnosed permanent hypothyroidism was ectopic type. 37.33% of babies with permanent congenital hypothyroidism were born preterm. 67.6% of babies born with permanent congenital hypothyroidism weighed less than 2500 grams, and 41.3% of mothers had a history of hypothyroidism and in 42.7% of infants with permanent maternal hypothyroidism, the parents had a family relationship.
Conclusion: In the present study, prematurity of babies as well as hypothyroidism of the mother and family marriage of the parents in babies with permanent congenital hypothyroidism have a relatively high prevalence.

The Effect of Eight Weeks’ Circuit Resistance Training and Moderate Intensity Continuous Training on Metabolic Indices and Sirtuin1 Serum Level in Women with Metabolic Syndrome

Ali Heidarianpour

Background: During menopause, women are more exposed to the risk factors of many diseases, including metabolic syndrome, and sirtuin-1 may be involved in this disorder. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of circular resistance training and moderate intensity continuous training on metabolic indices and Sirtuin1 serum level in women with metabolic syndrome.
Methods: This study was conducted as a clinical trial in women with metabolic syndrome in two intervention groups (15 people in resistance training group and 15 people in continuous training group) and a control group (15 people). The intervention group underwent an exercise program for eight weeks and three sessions per week, and the control group had their own routine program. After the last training session, serum levels of Sirtein1 and lipid factors were measured. To analyze the data, t-test and covariance were used at a significant level (P≤0.05).
Results: The results of the t-test showed that there was a significant difference in the intra-group changes of the studied variables (SIRT1, HDL, LDL, TG, FBS, Total Cholesterol) in both exercise groups (P≥0.05), but in No significant difference was observed in the control group (P<0.05). The results of the covariance test showed that there is a significant difference between the three groups in the indices (SIRT1, HDL, LDL, TG, FBS, Total Cholesterol) after the test (P<0.05).
Conclusion: Eight weeks of circular resistance training program and continuous training with moderate intensity has a positive effect on metabolic indices and serum level of Sirtuin1 in people with metabolic syndrome.

The Effect of Eight Weeks of 10, 20, and 30 Seconds Exercise Training on the Levels of Antimicrobial Factors In the Saliva of Obese Adolescent Boys

Farzad Zehsaz

Background: The role of the immune system and inflammation in controlling metabolic diseases such as insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, obesity and overweight is well established. Also, physical activity controls and prevents the occurrence of metabolic diseases, which has anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative effects. The aim of the present study was to study the effect of eight weeks of 10, 20, 30 seconds exercise training on the levels of antimicrobial factors in the saliva of obese adolescent boys.
Methods: 32 male students voluntarily participated in the present study and were randomly assigned to four groups: 1) obese aerobic exercise, 2) normal weight aerobic exercise, 3) obese control without exercise, and 4) normal weight control without exercise. The criteria for the obese group was a BMI above 25. Anthropometric indices of height, weight and body mass index were measured exactly. Before and after eight weeks of practice, Shatell-Run standard test was performed. Salivary samples of lysozyme, lactoferrin, lactate and C-reactive protein concentrations were taken after eight weeks of training with a frequency of three sessions per week with an intensity of 30 to 90% of maximum aerobic power. Using analysis of covariance, variables with a significance level of less than (P≤0.05) were included in the analysis.
Results: The results showed a significant increase in salivary levels of lactoferrin (P=0.001), lysozyme (P=0.003), lactate (P=0.001), and C-reactive protein (P=0.006). There are more obese students than people of normal weight (Youth body mass index criterion)
Conclusion: The increased response of some antibacterial and inflammatory salivary proteins after eight weeks of 10-20-30 sports training following exhaustive activity may be due to the acute response of the immune system.

The Relationship between Neutrophil to Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR) and Mean Platelet Volume (MPV) with Diabetic Nephropathy

Mohammad-Ali Yaghoubi

Background: Diabetic nephropathy is the main cause of end-stage kidney disease in diabetic patients. Several inflammatory markers related with diabetic nephropathy have been investigated so far. It is necessary to identify easily available and cost-effective indices. We aimed to determine the relationship between the neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio and mean platelet volume with diabetic nephropathy.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed from 2021 to 2022 in diabetes clinic of Ghaem hospital, Mashhad. Patients with type II diabetes were categorized into two groups: without and with nephropathy (urinary albumin excretion greater than 30 mg/24h or GFR less than 60). Patients’ data, including demographic data, past medical and drug history and lab data were gathered and analyzed.
Results: In total, 100 diabetic patients including 50 with (mean age=64.04±7.40 years) and 50 without nephropathy (mean age=56.06±6.36 years), were studied. Patients with nephropathy were older, had a longer history of diabetes and a higher blood pressure (P < 0.05). However, the distribution of gender, weight, height, and BMI was not significantly different the two groups (P>0.05). The absolute neutrophil count was not significantly different between the two groups (P>0.05), while the mean platelet volume, neutrophil% and neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio were significantly higher in patients with nephropathy (P<0.05).
Conclusion: According to our findings, patients with diabetic nephropathy had higher mean platelet volume, neutrophil%, and neutrophil/lymphocyte ratios compared to diabetic patients without nephropathy.