Iranian Journal of Diabetes and Lipid Disorders

Changes in Expression of miR-17 Gene and Oxidative Stress Indices in Overweight and Obese Women Following High-Intensity Functional Training

Mehdi Zarei

Background: The effects of regular exercise on miRNA profile and oxidative stress indices are less known. The aim of this study was to investigate the changes in expression of miR-17 and oxidative stress indices in overweight and obese women following high-intensity functional training.
Methods: In this semi-experimental study, 22 overweight and obese women were randomly divided into two groups of high-intensity functional training (n= 10) and control (n= 12). The subjects of the training group performed high-intensity functional exercises 3 times a week for 8 weeks and intensity of rating of perceived exertion≥7. Before and after 8 weeks, blood samples were taken to measure expression of miR-17 gene, malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC). Analysis of covariance test was used to analyze the data.
Results: After eight weeks of high-intensity functional training, expression of miR-17 in the experimental group significantly decreased compared to the control group (P= 0.001). After eight weeks of high-intensity functional training, TAC (P= 0.0001), GPX (P= 0.007) and SOD (P= 0.001) increased significantly in the experimental group compared to the control group. No significant change was observed in MDA (P= 0.778).
Conclusion: The results of the present study showed that eight weeks of high-intensity functional training may lead to the reduction of miR-17 expression and the improvement of oxidative stress indices and antioxidant enzymes, which may be effective in improving metabolic indices and obesity complications.

The Effect of Eight Weeks of High Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) and L -Carnitine Consumption on the Expression of BMP7 Protein in Visceral Adipose Tissue in Male Wistar Diabetic Rats

Abbas Sadeghi

Background: Adipogenesis is a dynamic process that leads to the phenotype of mature fat cells and plays a significant role in obesity and diabetes. The present study investigates the effect of Eight –Weeks of High-Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) and L -carnitine Consumption on the expression of BMP7 protein in visceral adipose tissue in diabetic rats.
Methods: In an experimental clinical-intervention study, 50 male Wistar rats were divided into 5 equal groups of control (C), diabetic (D), supplemental diabetic (D + LC), diabetic with exercise (D + T), supplement and exercise (D + LC + T). The training program consisted of eight weeks, 5 sessions per week (6 to 12 2-minute sessions with an intensity of 85-90% of the maximum speed). The subjects received 30 mg/kg body weight L-carnitine through drinking water. Visceral fat was extracted and the expression level of BMP7 protein was assessed using Western Blotting. Data analysis was performed by one-way ANOVA and Tukey post hoc test at a significant level of (P< 0.05).
Results: The results showed that the expression of BMP7, the adipogenesis stimulating protein, in (D + T) and (D + LC + T) groups increased significantly (P< 0.001).
Conclusion: According to the results, it seems that HIIT exercise alone and with L-carnitine Consumption is more effective in the expression of protein associated with adipogenesis expression in visceral fat. However, a clear statement requires further research in this area.

The Effects of Eight Weeks of High-Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) on the Nrf2 Gene Expression, Lipid Peroxidation and Insulin Resistance in Pancreas Tissue of Aged Rats Fed a High-Fat Diet

Rostam Alizadeh

Background: Aging and consuming a high-fat diet lead to increased oxidative damage to various tissues, oxidative stress is a critical factor in the aging process that can cause direct damage to cellular structure. This study aimed to investigate the Effects of 8 Weeks of HIIT Training on the Nrf2 Gene Expression, lipid peroxidation and Insulin resistance in the pancreas tissue of Aged rats fed a high-fat diet.
Methods: In this experimental study, 20 aged male Wistar rats (age: 18 months and mean weight: 500±100 gr) were randomly divided into four groups including normal food control G1 (n=5), normal food + training G2 (n=5), high-fat food G3 (n=5) and high-fat food +training G4 (n=5). The high intensity interval training program was performed on a treadmill, three days a week for eight weeks. Nrf2 gene expression was performed using real-time PCR and malondialdehyde levels, glucose and insulin were measured using a kit and ELISA method. Data were analyzed by MANOVA test at the P<0.05.
Results: The results of the MANOVA statistical test on the interactive effect of training and diet indicated a significant difference in the insulin resistance index (P = 0.017 and F = 7.17). However, no significant effect was observed for the insulin factor (P = 0.30 and F = 1.13), glucose (P = 0.116 and F = 2.75), MDA (P = 0.87 and F = 0.028), and Nrf2 (P = 0.816 and F = 0.056).
Conclusion: In general, it can be stated that HIIT training in this research can improve insulin resistance by affecting the expression of the Nrf2 transcription factor gene by reducing the oxidant activity in aged rats.

The Effect of Eight Weeks Aerobic Training and Vitamin D3 Supplementation on Glut4 Protein Concentration and Insulin Resistance in the Skeletal Muscle of Diabetic Rats

Mohammad Rahman Rahimi

Background: Glucose transporter4 (GLUT4) is the main glucose transporter in skeletal muscle. Impaired GLUT4 expression plays a role in the disorders of glycemic homeostasis. The aim of the present study was to investigate the combined effects of aerobic training and vitamin D3 supplementation on Glut4 protein levels and insulin resistance in the soleus muscle of diabetic rats with STZ and high-fat diet.
Methods: In 40 male Wistar rats type 2 diabetes was induced by 6 weeks high-fat diet followed by streptozotocin injection. Then rats were randomly divided into five groups: Healthy control (HC), Diabetic control (DC). Diabetes+Aerobic training (DAT), Diabetes+Vitamin D3 (DVD) and Diabetes+Aerobic training+ Vitamin D3 (DVDAT). The rats underwent eight weeks of aerobic training and vitamin D3 supplementation. 24h after last session of training and, the rats were anesthetized and soleus muscle was isolated for measurement of Glut4 protein concentrations and serum levels of insulin, glucose, vitamin D3 index were measured.
Results: One-way ANOVA showed that GLUT4 protein levels in DC group was significantly lower than HC group (P<0.001), but in DVDAT group was significantly higher than DC group (P<0.04) and DVD group (P<0.005). Also in DAT group was significantly higher than DVD (P<0.018). The HOMA-IR index also in DVDAT, DAT and DVD groups was significantly lower than DC group (P<0.001).
Conclusion: It seems that Eight weeks of aerobic training with vitamin D3 supplementation improves glucose metabolism in diabetic rats via increasing Glut4 protein levels and improving insulin resistance index.

The Effect of Simultaneous High Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) and High-Fat Diet on TGF-Β1, MMP-9 and MMP-2 in the Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue of Male Rats

Hamid Mohebbi

Background: Adipose tissue fibrosis is involved in glucose metabolism disorder and insulin resistance in obesity, but the effect of exercise on the progression of adipose tissue fibrosis is still unknown.
This study aimed to investigate the effect of high intensity interval training (HIIT) simultaneously with high-fat diet on TGF-β1, MMP-9 and MMP-2 in the subcutaneous adipose tissue of male rats.
Methods: 24 male rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: normal diet (ND), high fat diet (HFD), Normal diet + high intensity interval training (ND+HIIT), high fat diet+ high intensity interval training (HFD+HIIT). The HIIT protocol includes 8 bouts of intense activity at 90% of maximum running capacity (MRC) for 2.5 minutes, with active rest periods at 50% of maximum running capacity for 2.5 minutes for 12 weeks (5 sessions per week). 48 hours after the last training session, blood was taken, and subcutaneous fat was removed. Western blot method was used evaluate the TGF-β1 and ELISA method was used to measure levels of MMP-9, MMP-2, insulin.
Results: Induction of obesity was associated with a significant increase in TGF-β1, MMP-9 and MMP-2 and insulin resistance (P˂ 0.0001). In contrast, high-intensity interval with high fat diet compared to the high fat diet group causes a significant decrease in the amount of TGF-β1, MMP-9, MMP-2, and insulin resistance (P˂ 0.0001).
Conclusion: In conclusion, our data indicate that High-intensity interval training may weaken the progression of adipose tissue fibrosis and have a preventive effect on the increase in glucose metabolism disorders caused by a high-fat diet.

Effectiveness of Self-Healing (Healing Codes ) on Deficulty of Emotion Regulation and Blood Sugar Index in Type 2 Diabetes Patients

Zohreh Latifi

Background: Type 2 diabetes is a common disease, which is associated with psychological problems. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of self-healing on difficulties in emotion regulation and blood sugar index in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Methods: This research was semi-experimental (pre-test, post-test, follow-up with control group). The statistical population consisted of 300 people with type 2 diabetes who visited Sedighe Tahereh Clinic in Isfahan in 2021. Of these, 40 people were selected through purposive sampling and were assigned randomly in the experimental and control groups. Data collection tool was Gratz and Romer’s (2004) Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS) and laboratory equipment to measure blood sugar index. the experimental groups underwent 12 sessions of self-healing therapy and the control group did not receive any treatment. Analysis of variance with repeated measures and Bonferroni’s post hoc test were used to analyze the data. SPSS version 24 was used to analyze the data
Results: The results showed that self-healing has an effect on difficulties in emotion regulation and blood sugar index (P<0.05) and this result is continuous (P<0.05).
Conclusions: According to the results, it can be said that self-healing is effective in manegment of blood sugar of people with type 2 diabetes.