fa بهینه سازی فرایند تلفیقی لجن فعال دارای بستر متحرک و فتوکاتالیستی با نانوساختارهای اکسید آهن-دی اکسید تیتانیوم در تصفیه فاضلاب داروسازی فاضلاب wastewater پژوهشي Research <div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:14pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="tab-stops:-8.95pt"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="font-weight:bold"><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">زمینه و هدف:</span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"><span style="font-weight:normal"> فاضلاب صنعت داروسازی دارای آلودگی بالایی است که باید قبل از تخلیه به محیط زیست، تصفیه گردد. فرایندهای تلفیقی با استفاده از مکانیسم‌های مختلف بعنوان یکی از فرایندهای مثمر ثمر در تصفیه فاضلاب است. در این مطالعه از فرایند تلفیقی لجن فعال دارای بستر متحرک و فتوکاتالیستی در حضور نانوساختارهای </span></span></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="font-weight:normal">Fe₃O₄/TiO₂</span></span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"><span style="font-weight:normal">&nbsp; استفاده شده است.</span></span></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:14pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="tab-stops:-8.95pt"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="font-weight:bold"><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">روش بررسی:</span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"><span style="font-weight:normal"> در این مطالعه با استفاده از طراحی سطح پاسخ (</span></span></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="font-weight:normal">Response Surface Methodology (RSM)</span></span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"><span style="font-weight:normal">)، متغیرهای هر فرایند بهینه سازی شد. متغیرهای فرایند </span></span></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="font-weight:normal">IFAS</span></span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"><span style="font-weight:normal">، غلظت اکسیژن محلول (</span></span></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="font-weight:normal">Dissolved Oxygen</span></span></span></span> <span dir="LTR" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="font-weight:normal">(DO)</span></span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"><span style="font-weight:normal">)، درصد پرشدگی مدیا (</span></span></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="font-weight:normal">media</span></span></span></span> <span dir="LTR" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="font-weight:normal">filling</span></span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"><span style="font-weight:normal">)، زمان ماند هیدرولیکی (</span></span></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="font-weight:normal">Hydraulic Retention Time (HRT)</span></span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"><span style="font-weight:normal">) و متغیرهای فرایند فتوکاتالیستی، </span></span></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="font-weight:normal">pH</span></span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"><span style="font-weight:normal"> فاضلاب، مقدار کاتالیست (</span></span></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="font-weight:normal">catalyst</span></span></span></span> <span dir="LTR" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="font-weight:normal">dosage</span></span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"><span style="font-weight:normal">) و زمان واکنش (</span></span></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="font-weight:normal">reaction</span></span></span></span> <span dir="LTR" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="font-weight:normal">time</span></span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"><span style="font-weight:normal">) مورد مطالعه و بهینه سازی قرار گرفتند.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:14pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="tab-stops:-8.95pt"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="font-weight:bold"><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">یافته‌ها:</span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"><span style="font-weight:normal"> د</span></span></span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"><span style="font-weight:normal">ر شرایط بهینه فرایند </span></span></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="font-weight:normal">IFAS</span></span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"><span style="font-weight:normal">، </span></span></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="font-weight:normal">DO</span></span></span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"><span style="font-weight:normal"> برابر </span></span></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="font-weight:normal">mg/L</span></span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"><span style="font-weight:normal"> 3، </span></span></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="font-weight:normal">HRT</span></span></span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"><span style="font-weight:normal"> برابر</span></span></span></span> <span dir="LTR" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="font-weight:normal">h</span></span></span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"><span style="font-weight:normal"> 24 و </span></span></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="font-weight:normal">media</span></span></span></span> <span dir="LTR" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="font-weight:normal">filling</span></span></span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"><span style="font-weight:normal"> برابر 65 درصد، کارایی فرایند 59/15 درصد گزارش شد. با غلظت اولیه </span></span></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="font-weight:normal">COD</span></span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"><span style="font-weight:normal"> برابر </span></span></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="font-weight:normal">mg/L</span></span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"><span style="font-weight:normal"> 1725 و راندمان مذکور، غلظت </span></span></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="font-weight:normal">COD</span></span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"><span style="font-weight:normal"> پساب خروجی از واحد بیولوژیک </span></span></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="font-weight:normal">mg/L</span></span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"><span style="font-weight:normal"> 704 کاهش یافت. همچنین در فرایند فتوکاتالیستی، در شرایط بهینه، </span></span></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="font-weight:normal">pH</span></span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"><span style="font-weight:normal"> برابر 6/8، </span></span></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="font-weight:normal">reaction</span></span></span></span> <span dir="LTR" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="font-weight:normal">time</span></span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"><span style="font-weight:normal"> برابر </span></span></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="font-weight:normal">min</span></span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"><span style="font-weight:normal"> 105 و </span></span></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="font-weight:normal">catalyst</span></span></span></span> <span dir="LTR" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="font-weight:normal">dosage</span></span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"><span style="font-weight:normal"> برابر </span></span></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="font-weight:normal">mg/L</span></span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"><span style="font-weight:normal"> 60، کارایی فرایند 81 درصد تعیین شد که با در نظر گرفتن </span></span></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="font-weight:normal">COD</span></span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"><span style="font-weight:normal"> ورودی برابر </span></span></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="font-weight:normal">mg/L</span></span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"><span style="font-weight:normal"> 704، غلظت خروجی برابر </span></span></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="font-weight:normal">mg/L</span></span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"><span style="font-weight:normal"> 134 کاهش یافت.</span></span></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:14pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="tab-stops:-8.95pt"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="font-weight:bold"><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">نتیجه‌گیری:</span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"><span style="font-weight:normal"> بر‌اساس استانداردهای ارائه شده توسط سازمان حفاظت محیط زیست، پساب خروجی از این پساب را می‌توان بدون ایجاد مشکل، به محیط زیست تخلیه نمود.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br> &nbsp;</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:14pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="font-weight:bold"><a name="_Toc70261339"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Background and Objective:</span></span></span></a><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="font-weight:normal"> Pharmaceutical wastewater has a high level of pollution load that should be treated before discharging to the environment. Integrated processes using different mechanisms are one of the most fruitful methods in wastewater treatment. In this study, combined Integrated Fixed Film Activated Sludge (IFAS) and photocatalytic processes are utilized using of Fe₃O₄/TiO₂ nanocatalysts to decrease the COD value of pharmaceutical wastewater.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:14pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="font-weight:bold"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Materials and Methods:</span></span></span><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="font-weight:normal"> In this study, the variables of each process are optimized using Response Surface Methodology (RSM). In the IFAS process, the variables were dissolved oxygen (DO), media filling percentage and hydraulic retention time (HRT); while in the photocatalytic process, the effects of pH of wastewater, catalyst dose and reaction time were investigated.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:14pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="font-weight:bold"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Results:</span></span></span><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="font-weight:normal"> In optimal conditions (DO 3 mg/L, HRT 24 h and media filling percentage 65%), COD removal rate was obtained 59.15%. With the initial concentration of 1725 mg/L COD and the mentioned efficiency, the concentration of COD in the effluent diminished to 704 mg/L. However, in the photocatalytic process, during optimal conditions (pH 6.8, reaction time 105 min and catalyst dose 60 mg/L), The efficiency of the process was determined 81%, which by considering the input COD (704 mg/L), the output concentration was reduced to 134 mg/L.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:14pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="font-weight:bold"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Conclusion:</span></span></span><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="font-weight:normal"> According to the standards provided by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), the effluent from the combined process can be discharged into the environment.</span></span></span></span><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="font-weight:normal"></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br> &nbsp;</div> فرایند بیولوژیکی بستر متحرک, فرایند فتوکاتالیستی, روش باکس بنکن, فاضلاب داروسازی Moving bed biological process, Photocatalytic process, Box-Banken design, Pharmaceutical wastewater 719 732 http://ijhe.tums.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-2491-1&slc_lang=fa&sid=1 Narjes Khodaygani نرجس خدایگانی khodaygani1396@gmail.com No Department of Environment, West Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran گروه محیط زیست، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد تهران غرب، تهران، ایران Roya Mafigholami رویا مافی غلامی royagholami123@yahoo.com Yes Department of Environment, West Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran گروه محیط زیست، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد تهران غرب، تهران، ایران