fa بررسی کارایی فرایند اکسیداسیون پیشرفته فرات/پراکسی مونو سولفات در حذف آفت‌کش کلرپیریفوس از محلول آبی پس از پیش تصفیه توسط فرایند انعقاد با کلرورفریک تصفیه آب تصفیه آب پژوهشي Research <div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span calibri="" style="font-family:"><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">زمینه و هدف: </span></span></span></b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">کلرپیریفوس (</span></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="line-height:150%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">CPF</span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">) یک آفت&shy; کش آلی ارگانوفسفره است که به‌طور گسترده&shy; در صنعت کشاورزی استفاده می &shy;شود که بعد از ورود به محیط زیست می&shy; تواند موجب به خطر انداختن سلامتی موجودات زنده گردد. مطالعه حاضر با هدف ارزیابی کاربرد فرایندهای </span></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="line-height:150%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Fe(VI)</span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"> و </span></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="line-height:150%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Fe(VI)/PMS</span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"> جهت اکسیداسیون </span></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="line-height:150%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">CPF</span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"> در صنعت تصفیه آب انجام گرفت.</span></span></span><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:"B Lotus""></span></span></span></b></span></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span calibri="" style="font-family:"><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">روش بررسی: </span></span></span></b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">این مطالعه در دو فاز انجام گردید. در فاز اول (انعقاد و لخته&shy; سازی)، از منعقدکننده کلرورفریک (</span></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="line-height:150%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">FeCl₃</span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">) استفاده شد و با استفاده از یک </span></span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">طراحی مرکب مرکزی (</span></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="line-height:150%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">CCD</span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">)</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">توسط نرم &shy;افزار </span></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="line-height:150%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">R</span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">، اثر ترکیبی</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">چهار متغیر کدورت اولیه، </span></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="line-height:150%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">pH</span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"> اولیه، دوز ماده منعقدکننده و زمان تماس مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. سپس مایع رویی حاصل به فاز بعدی (اکسیداسیون پیشرفته) منتقل شد و اثر دو اکسیدان </span></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="line-height:150%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Fe(VI)</span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"> و </span></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="line-height:150%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Fe(VI)/PMS</span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"> به‌طور جداگانه مورد بررسی قرار گرفت.</span></span></span><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:"B Lotus""></span></span></span></b></span></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span calibri="" style="font-family:"><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">یافته&shy; ها: </span></span></span></b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">نتایج بدست آمده از فاز اول مطالعه نشان داد که کلرورفریک بهترین عملکرد را در </span></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="line-height:150%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">pH</span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"> قلیایی 8 با بازده 95/79 درصد دارد. در فاز دوم نیز مشخص شد که بازده تخریب توسط فرایند </span></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="line-height:150%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Fe(VI)/PMS</span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"> در مقایسه با فرایند </span></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="line-height:150%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Fe(VI)</span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"> به تنهایی، در همه </span></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="line-height:150%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">pH</span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">ها بالاتر است. همچنین نتایج نشان داد که با افزایش غلظت اولیه </span></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="line-height:150%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">CPF</span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"> و نسبت </span></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="line-height:150%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">[Fe(VI)]:[PMS]</span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"> راندمان حذف نیز افزایش می &shy;یابد. با بررسی سینتیک واکنش مشاهده شد که سرعت حذف در فرایند </span></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="line-height:150%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Fe(VI)/PMS</span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">، 1/5 برابر بیشتر از فرایند </span></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="line-height:150%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Fe(VI)</span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"> است.</span></span></span><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:"B Lotus""></span></span></span></b></span></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span calibri="" style="font-family:"><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">نتیجه&shy; گیری: </span></span></span></b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">با</span></span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">توجه</span></span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">به</span></span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">کارایی</span></span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">حذف</span></span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">بالا و البته سرعت تخریب بیشتر فرایند </span></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="line-height:150%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Fe(VI)/PMS</span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"> می &shy;توان از این تکنیک به‌عنوان یک روش نسبتا موثر در حذف آفت&shy; کش کلرپیریفوس از محیط&shy; های آبی استفاده نمود.</span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:"B Lotus""></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br> &nbsp;</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span calibri="" style="font-family:"><b><span style="background:white"><span style="line-height:150%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Background and Objective: </span></span></span></b><span style="line-height:150%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Chlorpyrifos (CPF), an organophosphate pesticide, has been widely used in the agricultural industry and may cause environmental damage. The present study aimed to evaluate the potential application of Fe(VI) and Fe(VI)/PMS processes for oxidation of CPF in water after pretreatment with ferric chloride coagulant.</span></span><b><span style="background:white"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""></span></span></span></b></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span calibri="" style="font-family:"><b><span style="background:white"><span style="line-height:150%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Materials and Methods: </span></span></span></b><span style="line-height:150%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">This study was performed in two phases including coagulation and flocculation process and advanced oxidation process (AOP). In the first phase, the coagulation process was performed for turbidity removal by ferric chloride (FeCl₃). In this phase, using a central composite design (CCD) with R software, the combined effect of four variables including initial turbidity, initial pH, coagulant dose and contact time was investigated. The supernatant from this process was transferred to the next phase for further analysis. In the AOP phase, the effect of Fe(VI) and Fe(VI)/PMS oxidants were investigated separately.</span></span><b><span style="background:white"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""></span></span></span></b></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="tab-stops:105.3pt"><span calibri="" style="font-family:"><b><span style="background:white"><span style="line-height:150%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Results: </span></span></span></b><span style="line-height:150%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">In the first phase (coagulation and flocculation), FeCl₃ showed the highest efficiency (95.79%) at alkaline pH (pH=8). In the next phase (AOP), the results showed that the degradation efficiency of Fe(VI)/PMS process was higher compared to sole Fe(VI) process at all pHs. Also, by examining the reaction kinetics, it was found that after the coagulation process by FeCl₃, the removal rate in the Fe(VI)/PMS process is 1.5 times higher than the Fe(VI) process.</span></span></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span calibri="" style="font-family:"><b><span style="background:white"><span style="line-height:150%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Conclusion: </span></span></span></b><span style="background:white"><span style="line-height:150%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Due to the high removal efficiency and higher degradation rate of Fe(VI)/PMS process, this technique can be used as a relatively effective method in removing chlorpyrifos from aqueous solution.</span></span></span></span></span></span><br> &nbsp;</div> تصفیه آب, اکسیداسیون پیشرفته, کلرپیریفوس, فرات پتاسیم, پراکسی مونوسولفات Water treatment, Advanced oxidation, Chlorpyrifos, Potassium Ferrate, Peroxymonosulfate 87 102 http://ijhe.tums.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-703-6&slc_lang=fa&sid=1 Samira Sheikhi سمیرا شیخی samirasheikhi75@gmail.com No Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran گروه مهندسی بهداشت محیط، دانشکده بهداشت، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی تبریز، تبریز، ایران Hassan Aslani حسن اصلانی haslani@tbzmed.ac.ir Yes Health and Environment Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran مرکز تحقیقات سلامت و محیط زیست، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی تبریز، تبریز، ایران Reza Dehghanzadeh رضا دهقانزاده r_dehghanzadeh@yahoo.com No Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran گروه مهندسی بهداشت محیط، دانشکده بهداشت، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی تبریز، تبریز، ایران Ammar Maryamabadi عمار مریم آبادی ammar.organic@gmail.com No Research and Development Department, Shakheh Zeytoon Lian Company, Bushehr, Iran بخش تحقیق و توسعه، شرکت بازرسی و فنی شاخه زیتون لیان، بوشهر، ایران