Iranian Journal of Health and Environment
سلامت و محیط زیست
ijhe
Medical Sciences
http://ijhe.tums.ac.ir
1
admin
2008-2029
2008-3718
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fa
jalali
1402
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gregorian
2024
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بررسی میزان فلزاتسنگین کمپوست تولیدی در صنایع کمپوست استان مازندران
Investigating the amount of heavy metals in compost produced in the compost industries of Mazandaran province
عمومى
General
پژوهشي
Research
<div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span calibri="" style="font-family:"><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">زمینه و هدف:</span></span></span></b> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">یکی از محدودیتهای اصلی در استفاده از کمپوست، امکان وجود فلزاتسنگین با غلظتهای زیاد است</span></span></span><span dir="LTR" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">.</span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">این عناصر بر خلاف آلایندههای آلی نمیتوانند توسط میکروارگانیسمها تجزیه شوند و در غلظتهای بالا برای خاک، گیاهان، زندگی آبزیان و سلامت انسان سمی تلقی میشوند. </span></span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">لذا</span></span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"> مطالعه حاضر</span></span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">، به </span></span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">بررسی </span></span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">غلظت</span></span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"> فلزاتسنگین در </span></span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">کمپوست تولیدی در صنایع کمپوست استان مازندران و مقایسه آن با مق</span></span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">ادیر</span></span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">استاندارد پرداخته است.</span></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"></span></span></span></span></span></span><br>
<span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span calibri="" style="font-family:"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">روش بررسی:</span></span></span></span></b> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">این</span></span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"> مطالعه، یک مطالعه توصیفی-مقطعی بوده که در سال 1400-1399 انجام شد. </span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">نمونهها از سه کارخانه کمپوست مازندران (بابل، بهشهر و تنکابن) با استفاده از روش نمونهبرداری تصادفی برداشته شدند و طبق روش هضم اسیدی (موسسه ملی استاندارد 5615) آمادهسازی شدند. غلظت فلزاتسنگین در </span></span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">نمونهها با استفاده از دستگاه </span></span></span><span dir="LTR" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">ICP-OES</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"> اندازهگیری شد</span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">. </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br>
<span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span calibri="" style="font-family:"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">یافتهها:</span></span></span></b> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">میانگین غلظت آرسنیک، روی، سرب، کادمیوم، کبالت، کروم، مس و نیکل </span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">بر حسب</span></span></span><span dir="LTR" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">mg/kg </span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"> در نمونههای مورد بررسی به ترتیب برابر با 3/47</span></span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%">±</span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">1/38، 151/5</span></span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%">±</span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">490، 12</span></span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%">±</span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">74، 0/65</span></span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%">±</span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">2/57، 1/46</span></span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%">±</span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">4/5، 16/47</span></span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%">±</span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">31/72، 49/9</span></span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%">±</span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">186، 4/2</span></span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%">±</span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">22/7</span></span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">بوده است. </span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">میانگین غلظت فلزاتسنگین نیز در شهرهای مختلف با استفاده از آزمون کروسکال والیس مقایسه شد که بر اساس آن غلظت فلزاتسنگین در هیچ کدام از شهرها تفاوت معنی داری با همدیگر نداشتند (0/05<</span></span></span><span dir="LTR" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">p</span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">)</span></span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br>
<b><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">نتیجهگیری:</span></span></span></span></b><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"> غلظت فلزاتسنگین نمونههای کمپوست مورد بررسی کمتر از مقادیر ذکر شده در استانداردهای داخلی و خارجی بوده است، لذا محصول نهایی کمپوست کارخانجات مورد بررسی از نظر فلزاتسنگین معیارهای بهداشتی را رعایت کرده و قابلیت استفاده ایمن در مقاصد محیط زیستی را دارد</span></span></span><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">. </span></span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span calibri="" style="font-family:"><b><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Background and Objective:</span></b><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""> One of the main limitations of using compost is the possibility of heavy metals with high concentrations. Unlike organic contaminants, these elements resist decomposition by microorganisms and, when present at elevated levels, pose a toxicity risk to soil, plants, aquatic ecosystems, and human health.</span></span></span></span><br>
<span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span calibri="" style="font-family:"><b><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Materials and Methods:</span></b><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""> This study was a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted in 2021-2022w. Samples were collected from three compost factories in Mazandaran (Babol, Behshahr, and Tonekabon) using random sampling methods and prepared according to the acid digestion method (National Standard Institute 5615). The concentration of heavy metals in the samples was measured using an ICP-OES.</span></span></span></span><br>
<span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span calibri="" style="font-family:"><b><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Results:</span></b><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""> The average concentration of arsenic, zinc, lead, cadmium, cobalt, chromium, copper, and nickel in the analyzed samples were 1.38±3.47, 490±151.5, 74±12, 2.56±0.65, 4.5±1.46, 31.72±16.47, </span>186.11±49.9, 22.72±4.2<span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""> mg/kg dry weight of compost, respectively. The average concentration of heavy metals in different cities was compared using the Kruskal-Wallis test, based on which the concentration of heavy metals in none of the cities was significantly different from each other</span> <span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">(p>0.05).</span></span></span></span><br>
<span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span calibri="" style="font-family:"><b><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Conclusion:</span></b><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""> The concentration of heavy metals in the investigated compost samples was lower than the limits specified in both domestic and international standards. Therefore, the final product of the examined compost factories meets the health standards for heavy metals and is safe for use in environmental applications.</span></span></span></span><br>
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کیفیت کمپوست, آنالیز شیمیایی, عناصر سمی
Compost quality, Chemical analysis, Toxic elements
731
746
http://ijhe.tums.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-2772-1&slc_lang=fa&sid=1
MohammadAli
Zazouli
محمدعلی
ززولی
zazoli49@yahoo.com