fa بررسی غلظت و خطر سلامتی هیدروکربن های آروماتیک چند حلقه ای باند شده به ذرات معلق در هوای آزاد شهر اصفهان هوا Air پژوهشي Research <div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span calibri="" style="font-family:"><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">زمینه و هدف: </span></span></span></b></span></span></span></span></span><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">هیدروکربن‌های آروماتیک چند حلقه‌ای</span></span></span></span><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black"> (</span></span></span><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span calibri="" style="font-family:"><span dir="LTR" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">PAHs</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="line-height:107%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">) </span></span></span><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span calibri="" style="font-family:"><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">به دلیل اثرات مضر بر سلامتی، در سال های اخیر توجه زیادی را به خود جلب کرده اند. </span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">این مطالعه با هدف اندازه گیری غلظت </span></span></span><span dir="LTR" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">PAHs</span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black"> متصل به ذرات کوچکتر از </span></span></span><span dir="LTR" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">&micro;m</span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black"> 2/5 </span></span></span><span dir="LTR" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">(PM_2.5)</span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black"> و ارزیابی خطر بهداشتی ناشی از آنها انجام گرفت. &nbsp;</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span calibri="" style="font-family:"><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">روش بررسی: </span></span></span></b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">38 نمونه هوا با استفاده از دستگاه نمونه بردار ذرات همراه با ورودی جهت جداسازی </span></span></span><span dir="LTR" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">PM_2.5</span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black"> &nbsp;از بخش مرکزی شهر اصفهان جمع آوری گردید. جهت آنالیز نمونه ها از دستگاه </span></span></span><span dir="LTR" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">GC-MS</span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black"> استفاده شد. به منظور شناسایی منابع احتمالی </span></span></span><span dir="LTR" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">PAHs</span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">&nbsp; از نسبت های مولکولی استفاده شد. همچنین ارزیابی خطر سرطان‌زایی و غیر سرطان‌زایی ترکیبات </span></span></span><span dir="LTR" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">PAH</span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black"> برای دو گروه کودکان و افراد بزرگسال با استفاده از شبیه سازی مونت کارلو انجام گرفت. </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span calibri="" style="font-family:"><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">یافته‌ها: </span></span></span></b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">از میان 16ترکیب </span></span></span><span dir="LTR" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">PAH</span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black"> اولویت دار، 7 ترکیب با محدوده میانگین غلظت </span></span></span><span dir="LTR" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">ng/m³</span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">8/17 - 0/003 شناسایی شدند.<b> </b>نسبت‌های مولکولی نشان داد که منابع پایروژنیک، منابع عمده تولید کننده </span></span></span><span dir="LTR" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">PAHs</span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black"> در هوا هستند.<b> &nbsp;</b>مقدار&nbsp; میانه خطر سرطان‌زایی برای کودکان و بزرگسالان به ترتیب برابر با </span></span></span>^{<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">8-</span></span></span>}<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">10&times; 3/1 و ^8-10&times; 5/99 برآورد شد. همچنین مقدار میانه </span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">خطر غیر سرطان‌زایی برای ترکیبات&nbsp; </span></span></span><span dir="LTR" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">PAH</span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">، </span></span></span>^{<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">1-</span></span></span>}<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">10&times; 3/08 برآورد شد. </span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black"></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span calibri="" style="font-family:"><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">نتیجه‌گیری: </span></span></span></b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">نتایج برآورد</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">ارزیابی خطر احتمالی نشان داد که غلظت موجود ترکیبات </span></span></span><span dir="LTR" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">PAH</span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black"> متصل به ذرات ریز منجر به خطر قابل توجهی برای انسان های در معرض نمی شود. اما باتوجه به اینکه در این مطالعه صرفا ارزیابی خطر </span></span></span><span dir="LTR" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">PAHs</span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black"> مرتبط با ذرات ریز بررسی گردید، لازم است ارزیابی خطر در مورد کل </span></span></span><span dir="LTR" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">PAHs</span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black"> موجود در اتمسفر و در محل های بیشتری انجام پذیرد.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:normal"><span calibri="" style="font-family:"><b><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">Background and Objective</span></span></b><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">: The adverse health effects of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) have received significant attention in recent years. This study aimed to measure the concentration of PAHs associated with fine particles and assess the health risks posed by these compounds.</span></span><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black"></span></span></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span calibri="" style="font-family:"><b><span style="line-height:107%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">Materials and Methods</span></span></span></b><span style="line-height:107%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">:</span></span></span> <span style="line-height:107%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">A total of 38 air samples were collected from the central part of Isfahan city using a particle sampler equipped with an inlet to capture particles smaller than 2.5 &micro;m (PM_2.5). The samples were analyzed using GC-MS, and molecular ratios were used to identify potential sources of PAHs. Additionally, a Monte Carlo simulation was employed to perform a probabilistic risk assessment of carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic effects of PAHs for two groups:&nbsp; children and adults.</span></span></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span calibri="" style="font-family:"><b><span style="line-height:107%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">Results</span></span></span></b><span style="line-height:107%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">: Out of the 16 priority PAH compounds, seven compounds were identified, with average concentrations ranging from 0.003 to 17.8 ng/m³. Molecular ratios indicated that pyrogenic sources were the main contributors to PAHs in the air. The median carcinogenic risk for children and adults was estimated to be 3.1&times;10^-8 and 5.99&times;10^-8, respectively. The median non-carcinogenic risk for PAH compounds was estimated at 3.08&times;10^-1.</span></span></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:normal"><span calibri="" style="font-family:"><b><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">Conclusion</span></span></b><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">:</span></span><span style="color:#000000;"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""> The probabilistic risk assessment revealed that the PAH</span><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">s</span><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""> concentrations associated with fine particles do not pose a significant risk to exposed individuals. However, it is important to note that this study focused solely on the risk assessment of PAHs associated with fine particles. A comprehensive risk assessment of all PAHs present in the atmosphere is, therefore, recommended.</span></span></span></span></span><br> &nbsp;</div> PM2.5, هیدروکربن های آروماتیک چندحلقه ای, ارزیابی خطر, سرطان‌زایی, اتمسفر PM2.5, Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, Risk assessment, Carcinogenesis, Atmosphere 563 580 http://ijhe.tums.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-2840-1&slc_lang=fa&sid=1 Soudabeh Ghodsi سودابه قدسی s.ghodsi3847@gmail.com No Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran گروه مهندسی بهداشت محیط، دانشکده بهداشت، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران Mina Sheikh مینا شیخ m79sheikh@gmail.com No Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran گروه مهندسی بهداشت محیط، دانشکده بهداشت، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران Farzaneh Mohammadi فرزانه محمدی fm_1363@hlth.mui.ac.ir No Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran گروه مهندسی بهداشت محیط، دانشکده بهداشت، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران Mahnaz Nikaeen مهناز نیک آئین nikaeen@hlth.mui.ac.ir Yes Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran گروه مهندسی بهداشت محیط، دانشکده بهداشت، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران