Iranian Journal of Health and Environment
سلامت و محیط زیست
ijhe
Medical Sciences
http://ijhe.tums.ac.ir
1
admin
2008-2029
2008-3718
000
000
000
000
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fa
jalali
1403
9
1
gregorian
2024
12
1
17
3
online
1
fulltext
fa
ارزیابی خطر و تعیین بار آلودگی فلزات سنگین (آهن، روی، کادمیم، مس، منگنز و مولیبدن) در خاک سطحی شهر القاسم، استان بابل عراق
Evaluation of risk and pollution load of heavy metals (Fe, Zn, Pb, Cd, Cu, Mn, and Mo) in surface soil of Al-Qasim city, Babylon governate, Iraq
عمومى
General
پژوهشي
Research
<div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span calibri="" style="font-family:"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">زمینه و هدف: </span></span></span></b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">آلودگی<b> </b>فلزات سنگین خاک شهری بهسبب مخاطرات بالقوه محیط زیستی و بهداشتی توجه گستردهای را به خود جلب کرده است. از اینرو، این پژوهش با هدف ارزیابی خطر و تعیین بار آلودگی فلزات آهن، روی، کادمیم، مس، منگنز و مولیبدن در خاک سطحی شهر در استان بابل عراق در سال 1402 انجام شد.<b> </b></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br>
<span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span calibri="" style="font-family:"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">روش بررسی:</span></span></span></b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black"> در این مطالعه توصیفی-مقطعی، در مجموع 50 نمونه خاک سطحی از عمق </span></span></span><span dir="LTR" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black"> cm</span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">20-0 برداشت و محتوی عناصر در آنها با استفاده از </span></span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">طیفسنجی نوری پلاسمای جفتشده القایی</span></span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black"> (</span></span></span><span dir="LTR" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">ICP-OES</span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">) خوانده شد. همچنین، مقادیر شاخص‏ های غنیشدگی (</span></span></span><span dir="LTR" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">EF</span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">)، </span></span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">آلودگی (</span></span></span><span dir="LTR" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">PI</span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">)، بار آلودگی (</span></span></span><span dir="LTR" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">PLI</span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">)، </span></span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">خطر سلامت (</span></span></span><span dir="LTR" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">HI</span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">) </span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">و خطر سرطانزایی (</span></span></span><span dir="LTR" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">CR</span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">)</span></span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">محاسبه شدند. دادهها نیز با استفاده از نرم ‏افزار آماری </span></span></span><span dir="LTR" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">SPSS</span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">مورد پردازش قرار گرفتند.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br>
<span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span calibri="" style="font-family:"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">یافته ‏ها:</span></span></span></b> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">میانگین </span></span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">محتوی عناصر آهن، روی، کادمیم، مس، منگنز و مولیبدن در خاک به ‏ترتیب برابر با 27240، 62/7، 0/302، 33/8، 570 و </span></span></span><span dir="LTR" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">mg/kg</span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black"> 0/999 </span></span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">بود. بیشینه </span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">میانگین </span></span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">محتوی عناصر برای آهن، مس، منگنز و مولیبدن در خاک به ‏ترتیب برابر با 30331، 37/3، 639 و </span></span></span><span dir="LTR" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">mg/kg</span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black"> 1/08 مربوط به مناطق مرکزی شهر و بیشینه </span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">میانگین </span></span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">محتوی عناصر برای روی و کادمیم به‏ ترتیب برابر با 65/3 و </span></span></span><span dir="LTR" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">mg/kg</span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black"> 0/332 و مربوط به مناطق روستایی و حومه شهر بود. </span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:18.0pt"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black"></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br>
<span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span calibri="" style="font-family:"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">نتیجه‏ گیری:</span></span></span></b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black"> نتایج، بیانگر تأثیر فعالیت‏ های شهری (ترافیک، صنعت و کشاورزی) بر آلودگی عناصر </span></span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">آهن، روی، کادمیم، مس، منگنز و مولیبدن </span></span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">خاک در شهر القاسم بوده است.</span></span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">از این ‏رو، به‏‏ منظور کاهش و مدیریت خطر محیط زیستی و سلامتی، پایش منظم محتوی فلزات سنگین و شناسایی منابع آلودگی عناصر در خاک توصیه میشود.</span></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="color:black"></span></span></span></span></span></span><br>
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<div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:normal"><span calibri="" style="font-family:"><b><span style="font-family:" timesnewromanps-boldmt=""><span style="color:black">Background and Objective:</span></span></b> <span style="font-family:" timesnewromanps-boldmt=""><span style="color:black">The pollution of trace elements in urban soil has attracted wide attention due to its detrimental environmental and health effects. Therefore, this research was conducted to evaluate of the content, pollution levels, and health risks associated with trace elements (Fe, Zn, Pb, Cd, Cu, Mn, and Mo) in the surface soil of Al-Qasim City in Babylon Governate in 2024.</span></span></span></span></span><br>
<span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:normal"><span calibri="" style="font-family:"><b><span style="font-family:" timesnewromanps-boldmt=""><span style="color:black">Materials and Methods:</span></span></b><span style="font-family:" timesnewromanps-boldmt=""><span style="color:black"> This descriptive cross-sectional study involved, a total of 50 surface soil samples from a depth of 0-20 cm. The elemental content of the samples was determined using inductively coupled plasma optical spectroscopy (ICP-OES). Additionally,, the enrichment factor (EF), pollution index (PI), pollution load index (PLI), hazard index (HI), and carcinogenic risk (CR) were calculated. Statistical data analyses were done using SPSS software. </span></span></span></span></span><br>
<span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:normal"><span calibri="" style="font-family:"><b><span style="font-family:" timesnewromanps-boldmt=""><span style="color:black">Results: </span></span></b><span style="font-family:" timesnewromanps-boldmt=""><span style="color:black">The average concentrations of Fe, Zn, Cd, Cu, Mn, and Mo in the soil were 27240, 62.7, 0.302, 33.8, 570 and 0.999 mg/kg, respectively. The highest average concentrations of Fe (30,331 mg/kg), Cu (37.3 mg/kg), Mn (639 mg/kg), and Mo (1.08 mg/kg) were found in downtown areasm whilefor the highest concentrations of Zn (65.3 mg/kg) and Cd (0.332 mg/kg) were observed in rural and midtown areas. </span></span></span></span></span><br>
<span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:normal"><span calibri="" style="font-family:"><b><span style="font-family:" timesnewromanps-boldmt=""><span style="color:black">Conclusion: </span></span></b><span style="font-family:" timesnewromanps-boldmt=""><span style="color:black">The results of this research demonstrate the impact of urban activities—such astraffic, industry, and agriculture—on the trace element pollution in the soil of Al-Qasim City. Therefore, regular monitoring of trace element concentrations and identification of their pollution sources are recommended to reduce and manage associated environmental and health risks.</span></span></span></span></span><br>
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فلزات سنگین, خاک شهری, شاخصهای آلودگی, خطر سلامت
Heavy metals, Urban soil, Pollution indices, Health risk
417
440
http://ijhe.tums.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-1500-3&slc_lang=fa&sid=1
Jawad
Kadhim Noor
جواد
کاظم نور
jwadalhsyny0@gmail.com