S Bokaie, M Soltani, A Rahimi Forushani, A Bahonar, M Afshar Nasab, S Rohani Zadeh, A Ghajari, D Saadati,
Volume 8, Issue 1 (20 2012)
Abstract
Background & Objectives: White spot, as one of the infectious viral diseases, has made severe losses in
shrimp ponds all over the world. Despite extensive efforts made to deal with
and control the disease, white spot continues to be a major health problem in
shrimp farms across Iran. In this work, the significance of the risk factors of
white spot disease epidemic occurred in shrimp ponds of Choubdeh farming site
in Khuzestan province of Iran is determined.
Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted from June 1, 2010, to
September 22, 2010 in 223 shrimp ponds of the site. Data was collected on 17
variables, thought to be associated with the occurrence and epidemic of white
spot, with the aid of the shrimp ponds owners and fisheries and veterinary
organizations. The occurrence of white spot disease in the farming site was
determined by clinical symptoms and the results of conventional PCR tests. the
effectiveness of the risk factors was established by odds ratio (OR).
Results: It is found that poor management of birds fighting (OR=3.72),
less educated farm foreman
(OR= 3.29) and poor filtration of the intake water (OR= 3.43) are significantly
affected the occurrence of the disease while little changes in the salinity of
shrimp ponds (OR= 0.16) decreases the odds of the disease.
Conclusion: These
findings help better develop shrimp farming across Iran, especially in
Khuzestan province.
Normal
A Kassani, M Gohari, M Mousavi, M Asadi Lari, M Rohani, M Shoja,
Volume 8, Issue 2 (20 2012)
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Social capital consists of
individuals' communicational networks, social norms such as mutual trust and
cooperation in social networks. The aim of this study was to develop a model to
assess the implication of different determinants such as age, gender,
occupational status, mental and physical health on social capital components to
draw a correlation network for social capital determinants.
Methods: For the purpose of this study, data
was used from ‘social capital' section of Urban HEART-1 survey, which included
22,500 households from all 22 districts of Tehran, who were approached in a
randomized multistage cluster sampling method. Path analysis is a statistical
method to test hypothetical causal models, which requires various causal (path)
diagrams. To demonstrate the causal models of social capital, the hypothetical
paths of various components were developed and the final model of social
capital was drawn using multiple regression analyses.
Results: Path analysis indicated that social
capital components are influenced by various variables: A) Individual trust, by
occupational status, marital status, and physical component of health-related
quality of life B) Cohesion and social support, by education, age, and marital
status C) Collective trust and associative relation, by family size, age and
physical health. Direct effect of these variables on social capital components
was more than their indirect effects (through mental health and physical
health).
Conclusion: Social capital components
are directly affected by occupational, marital, educational status, family
size, physical health and duration of local residency. Planning to improve
educational and occupational status, strengthening family bonds and provision
of local facilities, may improve social capital.
