Showing 110 results for SS
M Khodadost, P Yavari, Ss Hashemi Nazari , M Babaei, A Abadi, F Sarvi,
Volume 10, Issue 4 (Vol 10, No 4 2015)
Abstract
Background and Objectives : Awareness of the cancer incidence is essential for cancer prevention and control programs. Capture-recapture methods have been recommended for reducing bias and increasing the accuracy of cancer incidence estimation. This study aimed to estimate the incidence of gastric cancer by the capture-recapture method based on Ardabil population-based cancer registry data.
Methods: All new cases of gastric cancer reported by three sources, i.e. pathology reports, death certificates, and medical records, reported to Ardabil population-based cancer registry between 2006 and 2008 were enrolled in the study. The duplicate cases based on the similarity of the first name, surname, and father's name were identified among sources. The estimated incidence was calculated by the log-linear method using the Stata 12 software.
Results : A total 857 new cases of gastric cancer were reported from three sources. After removing duplicates, the reported incidence rate was 35.3 and 32.5 per 100,000 population for the years 2006 and 2008, respectively. The estimated incidence rate calculated by the log-linear method for these years was 96.2 and 90.4 per 100,000 population, respectively.
Conclusion: The results showed that none of the sources of pathology reports, death certificates, and medical records, individually or collectively, fully covered the incidence of gastric cancer. We can obtain more accurate estimates of the incidence rate using the capture-recapture method.
T Rezagholi, P Yavari, F Abolhasani, K Etemad, A Khosravi, Ss Hashemi Nazari , A Mahmoudlou,
Volume 10, Issue 4 (Vol 10, No 4 2015)
Abstract
Background and Objectives : Breast cancer is the second most common cancer among Iranian women. The peak age of breast cancer in Iran is one decade lower than the global estimates. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to estimate the burden of breast cancer in Iranian women in the country level.
Methods: In this study, the CANMOD software was used for the calculation of DALYs as the sum of YLL and YLD. The required data was the population of the Iranian women, mortality due to breast cancer, incidence cases of breast cancer, and mean time of the stages of breast cancer that was obtained from the Mortality Registry System, Cancer Registry System, and expert panel views .
Results : In this study, the total burden of breast cancer in Iranian women was 75811 years in 2009. Moreover, the years of life lost (YLL) was 54938 years while years lived with disability (YLD) was estimated 20873 years. The rate of DALYs per 100000 female population was 220.9 years. The peak age of breast cancer burden was in the age group 45-59 years. The incidence to mortality ratio was 3/2.
Conclusion: The incidence rate, mortality rate, and the burden of breast cancer in Iranian women increased in 2009 when compared to a previous study in 2003. The findings of this study may provide Iranian health managers with some information on the determinants of the burden of breast cancer in order to design preventive measures as well as screening programs for early detection of breast cancer.
Y Mokhayeri , Aa Haghdoost, M Mahmoudi, M Asadi-Lari, Ss Hashemi Nazari , S Taravat Manesh , N Rajaie, Z Khorrami, K Holakouie-Naieni ,
Volume 11, Issue 2 (Vol 11, No 2 2015)
Abstract
Background & Objectives: Measuring the impact of various diseases on Life Expectancy( LE) is an important step toward prioritization in health. The present study was conducted to measure the impact of heart diseases, neoplasm, and respiratory diseases on life expectancy (LE) in 2010.
Methods: Data on death and population for all 22 districts of Tehran were obtained from the main cemetery of Tehran and statistical center of Iran, respectively. Age-specific mortality rates and consequently LE were calculated for all 22 districts and both genders. Finally, the death probability assuming complete elimination of the diseases was calculated and the resulting life tables were obtained.
Results: The LE at birth was estimated 74.6 and 78.4 years for total males and females in Tehran, respectively. The maximum and minimum LE at birth was 80 years in females and 72.7 years in males, respectively. Assuming complete elimination of heart diseases, the LE increased to 82.39 and 85.51 years in males and females, respectively while complete elimination of neoplasm resulted in an increase in LE to 76.27 years in men and 80.49 years in women. Finally, elimination of respiratory diseases increased the LE of men to 75.98 years and the LE of women to 79.97 years.
Conclusion: The results indicated the high impact of the diseases on LE, especially the heart diseases. As a main result, LE will upgrade to more focus on this category.
M Khodadost, P Yavari, M Babaei, F Sarvi, Ss Hashemi Nazari ,
Volume 11, Issue 3 (Vol 11, No 3 2015)
Abstract
Background and Objectives: completeness of registration is used as one of the measures of the quality of a cancer registry, which is the degree to which reportable incident cases of cancer in the population of interest is actually recorded in the registry.
Methods: After removing the duplicates, a total of 471 new cases of esophagus cancer reported by three sources of pathology reports, medical records, and death certificates to Ardabil Province Cancer Registry Center in 2006 and 2008 were enrolled in the study. The incidence rate was estimated based on the capture-recapture method and the use of the log-linear models. BIC, G2 and Akaike statistics were used to select the best-fit model.
Results: In this study, a model with linkage between pathology reports and medical records and a model with death certificates alone, independent of the previous two sources, was the best fitted model. The estimated total completeness of esophagus cancer in 2006 and 2008 was 36% .The source that had the most completeness for esophagus cancers was pathology reports with 21.17%. The estimated incidence rate calculated by the log-linear method for the years 2006 and 2008 was 49.71 and 53.87 per 100,000 population, respectively.
Conclusion: Based on the obtained results, it can be concluded that the low degree of completeness in Ardabil Province requires some changes in data abstracting and case finding such as the use of personal national code and electronic health records to create a more accurate cancer registry.
R Ghahremani, P Yavari, S Khodakarim, K Etemad, A Khosravi, R Ramezani Daryasari, Ma Pour Hossein Gholi ,
Volume 11, Issue 4 (Vol 11, No.4, Winter 2016 2016)
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Colorectal cancer is the fourth leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Annually 1430000 cases would be diagnosed and half of these people would die of the disease. In Iran, colorectal cancer is the fifth common cancer among men and is the thirdamong women. This study was designed to estimate survival rates for patients with colorectal cancer and related factors.
Methods: During the 1384 to 1388 years 24,807 patients diagnosed with colorectal cancer were recorded in the Cancer Registry of the Ministry of Health and Medical Education. Age, gender, marital status, education, occupation, place of residence, tumor diagnosis, the clinical and demographic factors in colorectal cancer as effective on survival entered in Aalen’s additive hazard model and diagram Aalen's was used to study the effects of these factors over time. R 3.2.0 software was used for data analysis.
Results: Stage of tumor had a significant association with survival rates. In this study 1 to 5 year survival rate for patients with stage II tumors, was 100%, 98%, 96%, 93% and 93% respectively and for patients with stage III tumors 99%, 97%, 94%, 90% and 84%, respectively.
Conclusion: In spite of using Cox model in survival analysis by many researchers, Aalen’s model may yield new insights in prognostic studies of survival time of patients with colorectal cancer over time. Our results suggest that early detection of patients in primary stage is important to increase survival.
M Mehrolhassani, B Najafi, V Yazdi Feyzabadi , Aa Haghdoost, M Abolhallaje, M Ansari, R Dehnavieh, M Ramezanian, F Kouhi, M Jafari, Lashkari M,
Volume 12, Issue 0 (Special Issue Vol.12 2017)
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Out-of-pocket (OOP) expenditure is one of the main indicators in health financing, indicating risk pooling and risk spreading. This study aimed to calculate the total health expenditure (THE), the THE per capita and share of OOP in each province from 2008 to 2014.
Methods: The present cross-sectional study was done by collecting provincial health expenditure data from public and private organizations during 2008-2014. The data were approved by board of trustees or board of directors in each organization. The relevant data on household health expenditures were collected from the Statistical Centre of Iran, as well.
Results: Even though the absolute monetary value (IRR) of OOP in the study years showed an increase, it decreased from 51.9% in 2008 to 40.6% in 2014 in terms of share. The absolute monetary value (IRR) of THE and THE per capita increased about 3.5 times in all provinces. So, during the study years, Tehran and Sistan and Baluchistan Provinces had the highest and lowest absolute monetary values (IRR) in THE per capita and this difference increased from 2.12 million Rials in 2008 to 10.56 million Rials in 2014.
Conclusion: Although the share of OOP decreased in all provinces in the country during the study years, it is still far from the objective of the national development plans (30% OOP). In order to improve the study indices and reduce the provincial inequity, it is suggested to put more emphasis on prepaid-based mechanisms, insurance system improvement, and equitable distribution of financial resources should be compatible with the deprivation of the area and its infrastructures.
E Ghasemi, M Barooni, R Dehnavieh, M Jafari Sirizi , Mh Mehrolhassani,
Volume 12, Issue 0 (Special Issue Vol.12 2017)
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Health insurance would guarantee people security against disease and health problems. Given the key role of health insurance in achieving the goals of justice and reducing the out-of-pocket payment, this study aimed to evaluate the performance of Iran health insurance using the DEA model in 2014.
Methods: This was a cross sectional study. The study population included all Iran health insurance organizations. DEA input and output criteria were selected by targeted library and documentary review and the data were collected accordingly. The determinants of efficiency were evaluated using liner regression.
Results: The mean technical, management, and scale efficiency of Iran health insurance head offices was 0.593, 0.761, and 0.721, respectively. Considering the findings, the capacity of efficiency promotion at these head offices was approximately 41%. Regarding technical efficiency, 5 head offices had the maximum efficiency (1), 7 head offices had efficiency between 0.5 and 1, and 19 head offices had efficiency less than 0.5. In addition, the variables of population and total number of institutions had a significant impact on efficiency.
Conclusion: Based on defined variables, input oriented AP-DEA model was appropriate. The results showed a great capacity for increasing technical efficiency in the Iranian health insurance organizations which could be increased by benchmarking efficient and reference organizations and also adjusting their input. For this purpose, downsizing and agility of the Iranian health insurance organizations based on the e-government clause are proposed for administrative system reform.
V Yazdi Feyzabadi , Mh Mehrolhassani, Aa Haghdoost, M Bahrampour,
Volume 12, Issue 0 (Special Issue Vol.12 2017)
Abstract
Background and Objectives: One of the fair financial protection indexes in monitoring health systems is estimating impoverishment due to health care expenditure. The aim of this study was to measure the percentage of households impoverished due to out-of-pocket(OOP) payments in Iran provinces during2008-2014.
Methods: The present retrospective descriptive study was conducted based on data from Household Income and Expenditure Survey in both rural and urban households. The proportion of households that moved below the poverty line after deducting health care costs was calculated. The poverty line for urban and rural areas was calculated based on household food expenditure. To show the provincial dispersion of the index during this period, the coefficient of variation(CV) was used. Mann-WhitneyU test and descriptive statistics were used to analyze the data.
Results: Golestan, North Khorasan, and Kerman had the highest impoverishment rate due to OOP Moreover, Alborz, Tehran, and Bushehr had the lowest impoverishment rate due to OOP. In all the study years, the average impoverishment due to OOP was significantly higher in rural areas compared to urban areas. Provincial dispersion CV for this index did not have a constant trend.
Conclusion: The results of this study provide valuable evidence for policy-makers to estimate the impact of OOPs on household impoverishment. In order to reduce impoverishment due to OOP, supportive targeted interventions for vulnerable and low-income households, especially rural households, in addition to decreasing the share of OOP, are essential, such as developing health subsidies and improving insurance service packages.
F Esmaili, Mh Mehrolhassani, M Barooni, R Goudarzi ,
Volume 12, Issue 0 (Special Issue Vol.12 2017)
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Productivity and efficiency are the most important and the most common mechanisms of evaluation and measurement of the performance of an enterprise including the Social Security Organization. In the past decades, performance evaluation of various economic sectors has been attractive to researchers in different disciplines. Thus, the aim of this study was to measure the efficiency of the direct treatment section of treatment management units of Social Security Organization by data envelopment analysis method.
Methods: This descriptive- analytic study was conducted to measure the efficiency of the direct treatment section of treatment management units of Social Security Organization through the data envelopment analysis (DEA) method in 2014. Data and relevant statistics were collected from the Statistical Center of Social Security Organization. The Deap2.1 software was used to calculate the efficiency and the EMS software was used to calculate the super efficiency. Then, the hypotheses of the research were studied using the Stata software.
Results: The average technical efficiency, managerial efficiency, and scale efficiency in 2014 was 0.924, 0.992, and 0.932, respectively. Twelve decision making units (DMUs) had the maximum technical efficiency (1), 16 DMUs had technical efficiency between 0.8 and 1, and 3 units had technical efficiency less than 0.8.
Conclusion: This study introduces a functional pattern to managers of Social Security Organization that enables them to have more accurate planning for the development and saving of resources.
V Yazdi Feyzabadi, M Bahrampour, A Rashidian, Aa Haghdoost, M Abolhallaje, B Najafi, Mr Akbari Javar , Mh Mehrolhassani,
Volume 12, Issue 0 (Special Issue Vol.12 2017)
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Catastrophic health expenditure (CHE) is a key indicator for measuring households' financial protection in the health system. This study was conducted to measure the incidence and intensity of CHE in Iranian provinces 2008-2014.
Methods: When the out-of-pocket (OOP) spending of each household amounts to at least 40% of the household's capacity to pay, it is called a catastrophe. The incidence of CHE in Iranian provinces was estimated using the data obtained from household-expenditure-and-income-surveys. The intensity was calculated as the average extent to which OOPs exceeded the 40% threshold. Descriptive statistics and Mann-WhitneyU test were used for data analysis. The index of disparity(ID) was also calculated for geographical disparities across the provinces.
Results: On average, the lowest and highest CHE incidence and intensity were seen in Fars and South Khorasan provinces respectively. However, the highest and lowest rate for CHE households that actually experienced catastrophe at the 40% threshold belonged to Fars and Kurdistan provinces. The incidence of CHE in rural was more than urban areas. ID of CHE incidence for targeted amount was high and had no constant trend.
Conclusion: CHE incidence had a remarkable difference in different provinces and in the rural area compared to the urban area. Due to the importance of this index in promoting health financial protection, like indexes such as OOP, its distribution in rural and urban areas as well as in different provinces is considerable. It requires a structured format to identify the disadvantaged and low-income groups and provide financial-support and insurance for them.
Mh Mehrolhassani, M Emami, Aa Haghdoost, R Dehnavieh, S Amanpour, F Sabbah, M Bazrafshan,
Volume 12, Issue 0 (Special Issue Vol.12 2017)
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Universities of medical sciences play a vital role in promoting population health and without a doubt, their performance should be measured and evaluated.
Methods: The study was a mixed method study (consecutive combination) and the universities were examined by census. In the qualitative phase of the study, by examining the documents and focused group discussions, the basic framework of the performance evaluation model and its associated challenges were elicited. Then, the policies, objectives, and strategies related to each dimension were extracted and finally, key indicators were selected. Finally, by running Analytic Hierarchy Process method, the weight of dimensions and their key aspects were calculated and the model was implemented.
Results: BSC was designed in accordance with the universities. In this model, four main aspects including population health, services, finance, and development were identified. Then, by reviewing the documents, key policies and strategies, key policies and criteria, primary and secondary strategies were extracted. 13 key indicators were chosen as the final indexes. Moreover, 3 main challenges and 11 secondary challenges were identified. The results of the AHP-BSC model indicated that categorizing (ranking) universities had an impact on their functional status.
Conclusion: The main challenge for evaluating the performance of universities was the presence of a logical connection between policies, strategies, and criteria to have comprehensive and concise indexes for evaluation and ranking.
R Goudarzi, Mh Mehrolhassani, R Dehnavieh, A Darvishi,
Volume 12, Issue 0 (Special Issue Vol.12 2017)
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Efficiency measurement can be used for all decision-makers and planners for useful resource allocation. Social Security Organization as a health service provider, provides part of health care services in indirect sector. This study aimed to assess the performance of provincial units of Social Security Organization in the indirect health services sector.
Methods: This descriptive analytical study was conducted based on the available data of Social Security Organization in 2014. To assess efficiency and super-efficiency, the DEA-VRS and Anderson-Peterson rating model were used, respectively. Factors affecting the efficiency was evaluated using multivariate regression.
Results: The primary efficacy analysis showed that 61% of the provincial units of Social Security had maximum efficiency. Average efficiency was 0.94. After super-efficiency analysis, it was found that Markazi and Kerman provincial units were the most efficient and the most inefficient units, respectively. Additionally, none of the variables had a significant impact on the efficiency.
Conclusion: Evaluation of the general performance of provincial units reflected the good state of technical efficiency in the indirect health service sector. On the other hand, the scale efficiency of inefficient units compared with managerial efficiency had a higher share of inefficiency. Optimum performance can be achieved through modification of managerial practices for optimal utilization of resources and factors.
Mh Mehrolhassani, B Najafi, V Yazdi Feyzabadi, M Abolhallaje, M Ramezanian, R Dehnavieh, M Emami,
Volume 12, Issue 0 (Special Issue Vol.12 2017)
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Timely access to required health services without any financial hardship is necessary to achieve public health. Therefore, the aim of present study was to review the policies and plans adopted in the health financing system.
Methods: The qualitative study with a policy research approach reviewed upstream laws, policies, and plans in Iranian health financing. Then, by holding seven focused group discussions with 28 participants who represented various stakeholders, financing policies and programs were identified. Using framework analysis, the data were coded and categorized.
Results: In response to health financial protection indexes improvement, policies and plans in this field were defined in 10 themes and 4 categories: resources collection, resources management and pooling, resources allocation, and strategic purchasing of health services. The most important policies and plans were integration of insurance funds, increasing sustainable financial resources and targeted allocation of subsidies, services priority setting, establishment and improvement of a performance-based payment system with emphasis on integration of the professional element in the public and private sectors.
Conclusion: There is no gap for documented laws and policies in the Iranian health financing system. The main barriers are the method of implementation and adequate commitment to laws that have created major difficulties in relation to financial protection. Resolving these barrierrs requires sufficient political support and a common understanding between stakeholders at different levels of policymaking and implementation and designing programs based on the infrastructures.
Mh Mehrolhassani, Aa Haghdoost, M Emami,
Volume 12, Issue 0 (Special Issue Vol.12 2017)
Abstract
Good governance promotion in the health sector needs effective policies and evidence-based decision making. Using efficient and effective information is an important issue so that planners will not be confused amid many figures and numbers and also the main problem will not be marginalized. Hence, having a common language and consensus between policy makers and decision makers about the cycle (collecting and processing information, analysis, and judgment) and decision-making tools (criterion, indicator, index, and variable) is an initial and crucial step in evidence-based decision making. The main challenge for creating such an information system is the lack of a common language among scientific and executive experts; so the aim of this study was to provide a perspective of the concept of decision-making and the main components of its cycle and tools and to review these concepts in health care financing system.
Mh Mehrolhassani, Aa Haghdoost, R Dehnavieh, M Abolhallaje, M Emami,
Volume 12, Issue 0 (Special Issue Vol.12 2017)
Abstract
Governance and leadership are seen as the most important function in the realization and promotion of community health. This two components through legislation must identify present situation, determine the desirable situation, provide infrastructures and implementation mechanisms and in accordance with stated policies and planning, they should apply necessary monitoring and control. In this regard, the most important challenge is a comprehensive and evidence-based identification and analysis, which can consider all functions in relation to the objectives at a general and coherent glance and assess the functions of the health system.
V Montazeri, F Jafarpour Sadegh , S Hosseinpour, Hr Mirzaei, E Akbari, M Ehsani, S Akbari, N Asadi, M Mahmoudinezhad, E Mirtaheri, Z Sanaat, S Pirouzpanah,
Volume 12, Issue 1 (Vol 12, No.1 2016)
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Reproductive factors are in close relationship with breast carcinogenesis. This matched case-control study was conducted to study the association of reproductive risk factors with the risk of breast cancer (BC) among women in Tehran and northwest of Iran.
Methods: This hospital-based case-control study was performed on a total of 432 patients diagnosed with BC with confirmed histopathology who were recruited from hospitals affiliated with Shahid Beheshti and Tabriz University of Medical Sciences between 2007 and 2012, and 543 regionally matched controls without a prior history of BC.
Results: The average number of pregnancy and breast-fed children were significantly higher in cases than controls (P<0.01). The duration of breast-feeding was longer in patients (18.0±8.4 months) than controls (16.0±9.1; P<0.001). Most of the patients were diagnosed with BC above the age of 48 years old which was higher than the mean age of the recruited matched controls. Older age was associated with a 3.87 higher risks of BC development (95% CI: 2.94-5.10). The higher frequency of lactation in patients was significantly associated with the elevated risk (OR=2.22, 95% CI 1.62-3.04). The duration of breast-feeding within14-24 months was correlated with OR=0.52 to protect BC development during the reproductive age
(<48 years) (95% CI: 0.32-0.86).
Conclusion: High frequency of pregnancy, lactation, and older ages at first pregnancy are associated with the risk of BC, while older age at puberty, menopause, and longer duration of breast-feeding (age above 48 years) have inverse associations with the risk of BC.
J Nasseryan, E Hajizadeh, A Rasekhi, H Ahangar,
Volume 12, Issue 2 (Vol 12, No 2 2016)
Abstract
Background and Objectives: One of the main concerns of heart specialists is the occurrence of restenosis after coronary angioplasty which can lead to coronary artery bypass graft, myocardial infarction, and death. The present study was conducted to investigate the factors affecting the frequency of restenosis during four years in patients of Zanjan.
Methods: In the present retrospective cohort study, all the patients who underwent angioplasty in Ayatollah Musavi Hospital of Zanjan from April of 2009 to June of 2011 were examined in terms of the frequency of restenosis. According to the patients’ medical records, all the demographic and clinical data of the patients were collected. Since the dependent variable was count in nature and the data were over-dispersed, negative binomial regression was used for modeling.
Results: The incidence of at least one restenosis during four years after angioplasty was calculated to be 43%. According to the negative binomial regression model, the ratio of restenosis in patients suffering from diabetes, unstable angina, chronic kidney disease, and myocardial infarction was 32%, 44%, 66%, and 30% more than other patients, respectively (P<0.05).
Conclusion: In the present study, the effective factors of restenosis were recognized as diabetes, unstable angina, chronic kidney disease, and history of myocardial infarction; hence, assessment and periodic follow-up of these patients are strongly recommended.
V Yazdi Feyzabadi , Mh Mehrolhassani, S Khosravi,
Volume 13, Issue 0 (Vol.13, (Special Issue) 2018)
Abstract
Background and Objectives: One of the issues affecting the health sector is the presence of regional inequalities. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the trend of inequality in the distribution of human resources and health facilities in the health sector of Iran.
Methods: In this study, inequality in the distribution of human resources and health facilities in the health sector was assessed using the Gini coefficient in 2006, 2011, and 2015. The variables included human resources (6 indicators) and health facilities (10 indicators). Data were collected from the Statistical Center of Iran and the Statistics and Information Technology office of the Ministry of Health. For a Gini coefficient less than 0.35, 0.35-0.5, 0.5-0.6, more than 0.6 indicated relatively balanced inequality, relatively unequal inequality, high inequality, and very high inequality, respectively.
Results: The maximum Gini coefficient belonged to radiographic centers (0.61) and the minimum was Behvarz (0.23). In human resources indicators, inequality decreased over the study years from 0.57 to 0.27. However, inequality showed a slight increase in Behvarzes from 0.24 to 0.26. Among the facilities indicators, the Gini coefficient of urban health centers, health care facilities, beds, and radiology centers decreased from 0.45 to 0.31, whereas other indicators had an increasing trend from 0.24 to 0.59. In the private sector, there was a high inequality (0.5 to 0.61).
Conclusion: Eliminating inequalities in the distribution of health sector resources can help to improve justice in health outcomes. Therefore, policymakers should be pay more attention to eliminating inequalities.
Aa Haghdoost, M Emami, M Hossienpour, F Rakhshani, Mh Mehrolhasani,
Volume 13, Issue 0 (Vol.13, (Special Issue) 2018)
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Promoting health indicators is a key issue in most societies. In this regard, health deputies, through stewardship, monitoring, and coordination, take meassures to promote these indicators. The aim of the present study was to design a model for ranking the performance of the deputies.
Methods: This applied qualitative study was conducted in 2012. The research team included 12 health experts who were selected according to management records and long experience in the health deputy. In this study, a review of the literature and documents was done and then, with the focus group discussions and expert opinions, key indicators were defined.
Results: a model consisting of 9 process criteria (13 general indicators and 15 specific indicators) was identified for ranking of health deputies. The general processes included leadership and management, programs and strategies, resources and partnerships, manpower, and comprehensive information and statistics system And specific processes included primary health care (PHC), family physician (FP), social determinants of health (SDH) and pilot national plans. The range of indicators scores was between 1-8, which were compared with the zero indicator.
Conclusion: The findings showed that the process components and indicators were more effective in determining the status of the health deputies’ performance, and the proposed model is based on the matter. So, it is recommended that the Ministry of Health ranks health deputies every two years to improve process components and criteria of the model based on practical results.
V Yazdi Feyzabadi , Mh Mehrolhassani, M Emami, S Khosravi,
Volume 13, Issue 0 (Vol.13, (Special Issue) 2018)
Abstract
The human approach to health and identification of the factors affecting it over time has changed. Understanding these approaches is helpful in promoting policymaking and good governance can be helpful in the health sector. Biomedical, psychological, health promotion, health determinants, health in all policies and one health are the most important health approaches that have emerged in different years in order. Each of these approaches has many challenges and strengths. Documents and studies show that although these health approaches have been inconsistently addressed in Iran, no specific doctrine has been define to guide the health policies. Therefore, in practice, what seems to be that a biomedical approach to health is the dominant approach in Iran's health system.
