Dermatology and Cosmetic

Editorial Note

Mansour Nassiri Kashani

No Abstract No Abstract

The prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea in patients with psoriasis referring to the dermatology clinic of Razi Hospital: a cross-sectional study

Pedram Noormahamadpoor

Background and Aim: The present study aims to assess the prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea in patients with psoriasis referring to Razi Hospital.

Methods: Participants were assessed for demographic characteristics, Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI), disease duration, place of residence, education level, and were also evaluated using the Stop-Bang and Berlin questionnaires to assess the risk of obstructive sleep apnea. The high and low-risk groups for obstructive sleep apnea were compared regarding these parameters.

Results: Based on the Stop-Bang criteria, 43 individuals (41.3%) had moderate risk, and 23 individuals (22.1%) had high risk of obstructive sleep apnea. According to the Berlin questionnaire, 48 individuals (46.2%) were at high risk for obstructive sleep apnea. The mean age of individuals with high risk of obstructive sleep apnea according to the STOP-BANG criteria was significantly higher than those with moderate risk (mean=58.3, standard deviation=10.6, compared to mean=48.1, standard deviation=16.1, P = 0.039) and low risk (mean=41.7, standard deviation=17.8, P< 0.001). Additionally, BMI differed significantly among the three groups based on the Stop-BANG criteria, with higher BMI observed in individuals at higher risk for obstructive sleep apnea (P<0.05). BMI was significantly higher in individuals with high risk of obstructive sleep apnea according to the Berlin criteria compared to those with low risk (mean 31.1 versus mean 26, P<0.001).

Conclusion: The findings of this study highlight obstructive sleep apnea as a comorbidity associated with psoriasis.

A comparative study of the morphology of the effect of medical leech Hirudo medicinalis oil on facial skin using geometric morphometry software

Farahnaz Molavi

Background and Aim: The use of leech extract in the preparation of cosmetic supplements and medicinal compounds has always been of interest. So far, the effect of this extract on the volume of the skin's epidermal tissue has not been scientifically confirmed, and no research has been done regarding the comparison of the effects of different types of base oils in this extract.

Methods: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of leech extract in the bases of olive oil, castor oil and bitter almond oil on the facial skin using the basic geometric morphometry software. For this purpose, 25 people from the age group of 45 to 55 years were selected. In order to compare morphological changes for forty days at a specific hour, pictures were taken using a digital camera. 12 landmark points were placed on the two-dimensional images using TpsDig2 software. The shape data obtained after superimposition analysis were analyzed using Procrust analysis with multivariate PCA and CVA statistical methods and cluster analysis (CV).

Results: The results showed that there is a significant difference between leech extract in volumizing and removing wrinkles with olive oil base (P>0.001), but the two groups of castor oil and bitter almond oil did not have a significant difference (P>0.001).

Conclusion: Leech extract has no effect on removing wrinkles and does not cause local swelling in the epidermal tissue in the time frame of the present study.

Investigation of antifungal sensitivity of dermatophytes species isolated from patients with dermatophytosis

Ensieh Lotfali

Background and Aim: Considering the increase of dermatophytosis trough the Iran and world as well, especially ringworm of the body and groin due to terbinafine-resistant species and the high speed of disease transmission, in order to choose the appropriate treatment, considering the time required for the treatment of the disease and early detection of resistant cases treatment is required. The present study was conducted to determine the antifungal sensitivity of Trichophyton rubrum, Microsporum canis and Epidermophyton flucosum strains to common antifungal drugs.

Methods: Antifungal sensitivity test (broth microdilution) was performed for 20 specimens obtained from patients according to CLSI (Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute) M38-3^rd ED protocol, for terbinafine, itraconazole and voriconazole.

Results: According to the antifungal susceptibility test results, 5 patients were resistant to terbinafine and showed a minimum inhibitory concentration more than 2, 3 patients were tolerant to terbinafine and showed a minimum inhibitory concentration between 0.5 and 1. Based on the results of the antifungal susceptibility test, 7 patients were tolerant to itraconazole and showed the minimum inhibitory concentration between 0.5 and 1. All isolates responded well to voriconazole.

Conclusion: The results of the antifungal sensitivity test highlight the importance of mycological tests on dermatophytic skin lesions to prevent the spread of drug-resistant species.

A review of the molecular biology and pathology of melanoma

Farnaz Valizadeh

Virtually all deaths in young patients with advanced skin tumors are caused by melanoma. Today, thanks to modern treatments, these patients survive longer or can even be cured. Advanced melanoma is often associated with a poor prognosis, and physicians continue to believe that the disease is difficult to treat due to the lack of durable response to initial treatment regimens and the lack of randomized clinical trials in the post-immunotherapy/targeted molecular therapy setting. New therapeutic targets are emerging based on preclinical data on the genetic profile of melanocytes and the identification of molecular factors involved in the pathogenesis of malignant transformations. In this article, we present the challenges of diagnosis, molecular biology and genetics of malignant melanoma, as well as current treatment options for patients with this diagnosis.

A review of skin disorders in parkinson Disease

Parham Tamimi

Parkinson Disease (PD) is a neurological disorder, which have comorbidity with some skin disorders. Skin disorders in Parkinson can be divided into two main groups including 1) non-iatrogenic disorders: melanoma, seborrheic dermatitis, sweating disorders, pemphigoid, rosacea, and 2) Iatrogenic disorders due to anti-Parkinson drugs side effects (like: carbidopa/levodopa, rotigotine, other dopamine agonists, COMT inhibitors and SC Apo morphine).
While seborrheic dermatitis is considered as a pre diagnostic sign, rosacea can be assumed as a warning sign of disease development. In addition, a strong correlation between PD and further bolus pemphigoid has been discovered. There might be a relation between melanoma and PD. It is important especially in patients with lighter skin with red and blond hair color. Hence, physicians should pay special attention in these patients and try to increase awareness in this population like reminding the importance of sun protection.

A review on the role of Malassezia species in patients with atopic dermatitis

Azin Ayatollahi

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic, relapsing inflammatory skin disorder characterized by intensely itchy eczema. Sensitivity to Malassezia species may be associated with the severity of AD symptoms. The growth conditions for Malassezia spp. on children's skin are lower than on adult skin, making adults more susceptible to Malassezia. There is a minor suspicion that Malassezia spp. plays a role in AD as it may interact with skin immune reactions and barrier function, and sensitization against this skin-colonizing yeast can be correlated with illness activity. Additionally, antifungal treatment shows beneficial effects in some patients. However, the pathogenetic process and mutual interaction between Malassezia spp. and AD remain relatively unclear, necessitating further research.

Papular lesions in groin: a case of Darrier disease

Zahrabeigom Moosavi

Introduction: Darrier disease is a genodermatoses evolving more in adolescence and appears mostly in seborrheic areas. Because of the absence of typical lesions and other diseases appearing in these areas, diagnosis of darrier may be delayed

Case report: A 46 year-old woman came with inguinal, asymptomatic lesions lesions since 3 years ago. The report of biopsy which was taken, showed findings compatible with Darrier disease. Oral isotretinoin initiated with good response after 2 months.

Conclusion: In intertriginous areas, some less common diseases may be mis diagnosed as other more common and similar diseases.