Journal of Dental Medicine

Vascular malformations in the maxillofacial region

M. Jafari

Congenital vascular lesions occur most often in children. Parents of these children take them to maxillofacial surgeons directly or during the treatment of other complications such as infection or jaw bone disorders. Various terms now used are unable to describe the pathogenesis and mechanism of the effect of vascular lesions on growth and development of facial bone. Term of hemangioma is used in almost all cases of congenital and acquired vascular lesions, while fibrosis or shrinkage occurs in some of these lesions over the time. There is also some confusion in describing the vascular lesions which primarily affected bones and soft tissue vascular malformations associated with changes in hard tissues.

Importance of recognizing Ehlers Danlos syndrome by dentists: a case report

F. Jamali

This syndrome is a genetical disorder with symptoms result from deficit in the formation of connective tissue, especially collagen fiber biosynthesis. In these patients, there is hyperelasticity and fragility of the skin and mucosa. Injuries sever bleeding, internal bleeding and hemartrosis may be seen in these patients. Wounds leave scars after healing. There is recurrent dislocation of the joints, especially knee and temporomandibular joints. Dentists should know the symptoms of this syndrome and its complications during dental treatments.

Laser in operative dentistry

E. Yasini

Today laser has a lot of usage in medicine and dentistry. In the field of dentistry, laser is used in soft tissue surgery, sterilization of canals (in root canal therapy) and in restorative dentistry laser is used for cavity preparation, caries removal, sealing the grooves (in preventive dentistry), etching enamel and dentin, composite polymerization and removal of tooth sensitivity. The use of Co2 lasers and Nd: YAG for cavity preparation, due to creating high heat causes darkness and cracks around the region of laser radiation. Also due to high temperature of these lasers, pulp damage is inevitable. So today, by using the Excimer laser especially the argon floride type with a wavelength of 193 nm, the problem of heat stress have been solved, but the use of lasers in dentistry, especially for cavity preparation needs more researches and evaluations.

A case report of Albright syndrome

F. Haghighati

Albright syndrome is a rare condition, usually appears in the early years of life and characterized by bending or thickening of long bones. In girls, of endocrine glands disorders especially precocious puberty are the most common symptoms. Also, Brown pigments in the skin are another sing of this syndrome. Certain mucosal and skin pigments are considerable features of the disease. Etiology and pathogenesis of this disease is not clear and various histopathologic patterns are observed. In fact, this disease is substitution of bone tissue with fibrous connective tissue in which various degrees of bone resorption and repair of the lesion is recognizable.

Crown lengthening procedures

AA. Khoshkhonejad

Nowadays, due to recent developments and researches in dental science, it is possible to preserve and restore previously extracted cases such as teeth with extensive caries, fractured or less appropriate cases for crown coverage as well as teeth with external perforation caused by restorative pins. In order to restore the teeth with preservation of periodontium, we should know thoroughly physiological aspects of periodontium and protection of Biologic Width which is formed by epithelial and supracrestal connective tissue connections. Considering biologic width is one of the principal rules of teeth restoration, otherwise we may destruct periodontal tissues. Several factors are involved in placing a restoration and one of the most important ones is where the restoration margin is terminated. Many studies have been conducted on the possible effects of restoration margin on the gingiva and due to the results of these studies it was concluded that restoration margin should be finished supragingivally. However, when we have to end the restoration under Gingival Crest, First a healthy gingival sulcus is required. Also, we should not invade the biological width. Since a normal biologic with is reported 2 mm and sound tooth tissue should be placed at least 2 mm coronal to the epithelial tissue, the distance between sound tooth tissue and crown margin should be at least 4mm. Thus, performing crown lengthening is essential to increase the clinical crown length. Basically, two objectives are considered: 1) restorative 2) esthetic (gummy smile) Surgical procedure includes gingivectomy and flap procedure. Orthodontic procedure involves orthodontic extrusion or force eruption technique which is controlled vertical movements of teeth into occlusion. Besides, this procedure can also used to extrude teeth defects from the gingival tissue. By crown lengthening, tooth extraction is not required and furthermore, adjacent teeth preparation for placing a fixed prosthesis would not be required. Additionally, by remaining the tooth root, the alveolar bone is preserved and both esthetic and hygiene are extensively improved so the results would be much more satisfying.

A case report of squamous cell carcinoma in a young woman with a history of fanconi's anemia

Z. Tohidast Akrad

Fanconi syndrome was first described in 1927 by G.Fanconi. Fanconi syndrome with congenital aplastic anemia is a hereditary disorder in which peripheral blood Pancytopenia and bone marrow hypoplasiais often associated with multiple somatic congenital malformations such as microcephaly, skeletal anomalies (absence or hypoplasia of radial or thumb or both of them), brown hyperpigmentation of the skin and vision, hearing, kidney, genital or central nervous system disorders. In addition, Heredity pattern is autosomal recessive. Average age of disease manifestation is 4-7 years in the first decade of life and male are two times more likely suffered than women. In fact, Developed Pancytopenia is usually responsible for death. The average life expectancy after diagnosis of Fanconi syndrome is approximately 5 years.

periapical cyst and its relation with the body immune system

A. Vahid

One of the most common outcomes of pulp inflammation is periapical granuloma formation. Existence of immune cells in these lesions showed involvement of both humoral and cellular immunity in the site. The presence of different antigens in the root canal causes production o various antibodies and consequent immunological reactions. Different theories have been proposed on periapical cysts. The most valid of them is based onimmunologic response which can lead to tissue destruction due to immunological reactions.

Evaluation of crown mesiodistal diameter of permanent teeth

H. Ravanmehr

The aim of this study was to evaluate mesiodistal diameter of permanent teeth and evaluating it's distribution in Iran. In current study, 850 plastery impressions or 16590 teeth were precisely measured by a digital coulis with 0.01 mm accuracy.The obtained measures of the permanent teeth are shown in table 1. Table (4) demonstrates the symmetry of left and right maxillary and mandibular teeth. Obtainedmeasurements in Table 1 were compared with Gran's measures (Table 2) which are shown in Table (3).Bolton analysis was done and results were found close to the BolType text or a website address or translate a document.ton measures. It was concluded that it is better to replace measurements of our society instead of Bolton's. Since we found minor difference with the measures of other researchers, especially for teeth anterior to first molar, using our measures in treatment plans would not bring about any problem.