Journal of Dental Medicine

Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE AR-SA Canine retraction to the place of extracted premolar is a basic step in the majority of orthodontic treatments. This is performed frequently by incorrect axis change of canine which moves its root anteriorly. This study is aimed to evaluate canine bodily movements by removable orthodontic appliances and describing the steps of an ideal orthodontic treatment as well as discussing important points on canine retraction. 4 patients with treatment plan of extracting first premolar and replacing the space by canine movement were selected and simple orthodontic appliance were delivered to them. Radiographic analysis showed pdl increased continuously in the side of force application which confirms bodily movement of tooth. Besides, chair side time  is less for removable appliances. Therefore, removable systems are the most desirable orthodontic treatments although there are some limitations in their application.

Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE AR-SA In order to analyze many factors that may be effective in dental carries development, depend on the chief complaint and diagnosis clinical evaluations were performed. 357 patients seeking treatment for pain and dental infection caused by caries were selected. Different social groups were seen among the patients from high class patients like university professors, students and those who  could not afford private clinics and lower social classes who lived in poverty. Questions were asked from the patients about their hygienic status, age, respiratory health and the results were obtained. Of 357 cases who were 153 female and 204 male, 282 had dental caries while the caries rate was higher in women. 195 of average hygiene patients, 165 had caries. Of 41 god hygiene patients, 27 had caries. Caries rate in patients with mouth breathing was 48/58 ratio and those with nasal breathing 193/247. Also, among 52 cases with both oral and nasal breathing , 48 were found with dental caries.

Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE AR-SA Chlorehexidine is a potent antibacterial  that can eliminate aerobic, anaerobic, yeasts and fungi in 0.12 concentration. It is used to sterile the instruments that cannot resist high temperatures . It is also added to toothpastes and mouthwashes. Currently,  it is used in order to prevent dental caries and periodontal diseases in disabled or retarded patients or patients receiving head and neck  chemotherapy. On the other hand, limitations such as teeth staining, mucosa irritation and taste change of some foods. In fact, Future investigations will clarify its advantageous and disadvantages. As a conclusion, chlorehexidine is approved globally and is administered increasingly.

Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE AR-SA Granular cell schwanomma is a rare benign tumor that has been reported sporadically. Our case was a 38 year old man with a pink to yellow small lump of 5mm in right buccal mucosa without any complaint of pain or hemorrhage. Microscopic evaluations showed malpighian epithelium with intense hyperplasia in some parts. In underlying connective tissue a new formed tissue is seen with cytoplasmic giant cells. Any malignancy was reported. In this article, clinical and microscopic characteristics as well as misdiagnosis of the disease are discussed.

Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE AR-SA Correct contour and shape of crown margin or casting finishing line is not sufficient for healthy status of tissues and teeth filling materials.  Thus, all the requirements for preservation of tissues should be provided. Gingival health is a very important issue that should be considered before prosthetic treatments. Via conventional methods, supra gingival margins are the first choice of treatment specially when placed on anatomical crown. If there are specific indications such as esthetics, age, caries risk, free gingival margin sensitivity or subgingival fillings , the place of crown margin could be modified.

It appears that until bone graft has not achieved 100% success, intraradicular diseases remain controversial and therefore, different treatment plans are suggested for them. Treating intraradicular diseases depend on many factors: maxillary molars are more prone to bone loss and have worse prognosis. To assess prognosis more carefully these factors should be considered: 1) bone loss: its apical depth, local or generalized 2) bone condition: buccal, lingual, mesial and distal aspects 3) tooth mobility: grades 2 and 3 have not good prognosis. Crown root ratio is also important. 4) the angle of divergence of roots: the more the roots are divergent, the better the prognosis would be. 5)adjacent teeth health 6)tooth position in jaws 7) age and general health of the patients 8) oral hygiene In general, teeth with 2 roots can be treated more effectively than 3 root ones. Maxillary first premolars are exceptions that do not respond to the treatments positively. We should look forward to the future investigations and findings.

Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE AR-SA Without mechanical undercut in dentin, adequate adhesion by binding materials would not be achieved although Both molecular and mechanical retention is much more desirable than sole mechanical retention. Hence, new binding materials should replace conventional bindings. Obviously, one bottle light-cured materials are more easily used, have less risk of incorrect mixing and accelerate dentist's practice. In addition, in cases that caries recurrence is expected glass-ionomers can be the best choice.

Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE AR-SA Xeroradiography is a modern imaging method that can aid diagnosis of oral, dental and maxillofacial lesions, treatment planning and  follow-ups. It has been used since 1970 in medical field and has entered dentistry in 1980 after some modifications. In this technique, x-ray is used with no need to developing and fixing radiographs, negatoscope and dark rooms. A selenium sheet is used in this method that is constantly charged electrostatically. A special powder called toner is used for developing process. In order to have a permanent cliché, a photograph is made from the image. The image brightness and contrast is much better than conventional radiographs while the time of exposure and developing is less. While in medical fields it is used in extraoral imaging, in dentistry xeroradiography is used only in intraoral imaging.

Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE AR-SA Pleomorphic adenoma is the most prevalent tumor of salivary glands. In present survey, the cases are selected for analysis from 4 valid centers of the country. Of 573 salivary gland tumors, 342 (60%) were Pleomorphic adenoma of which 189 cases located in major salivary glands mostly in parotid gland and 145 cases in minor glands. This tumor is mostly seen in 30-50 year women.  The obtained data from patients and other reports indicated that Pleomorhic adenoma cases can be seen in other exocrine glands except pancreas.

Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE AR-SA In this practical study, various types of orthodontic separators were analyzed in order to indentify microbial population on them. Due to high amount of time and energy needed on this issue, only 12 patients were selected. The results showed that elastic separators and Brass wire separators involved the highest amount of aerobic and non aerobic bacteria respectively. Moreover, this can be related to the shape, material and speed of separators  in separating teeth and also their place of installation.  This phenomenon is evident in clinical observations that installation place of elastic separators often involves inflammation, pain and acute swelling of gingiva. Also, Brass wire separators cause lower bacterial accumulation and no clinical manifestation of inflammation and swelling.  Besides, it should be considered that it has polished surface and slow separating effect.  According to the results, we should declare that each separator cannot cause accumulation of a specific  type of  microbes. But the only difference between various types of separators is the difference in

Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE AR-SA Thumb sucking is a harmful prevalent habit among children that has been identified since 70 years B.C. and causes many dentoalveolar disorders affecting both intra and extra oral soft tissues. This habit is harmful in many aspects for the children and even their environment but is not considered as an addiction according to its special features. In thumb sucking habit, both the finger and oral surrounding contribute to the habit by specific mechanism. Moreover, Duration, Frequency and intensity are effective factors that compensate the effects of each other by replacing the decreased reflex. Some Scientists believe this compensation is accidental. As a conclusion, the cooperation of these factors can increase the harmful effects of thumb sucking.

Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE AR-SA Endodontic treatments are based on complete cleansing of root canal as well a multidimensional obturation especially in apical foramen area.  This study was done to analyze  the reactions of periradicular tissues to filling materials in case of  overobturation in endodontic treatments and healing despite extra filling material existence in periradicular tissues. 25 teeth with periradicular lesions (endodontic origin) in patients of 13-85 years were selected. 7 groups were formed based on the time of performing surgical biopsy on the teeth.  In 80% of the cases, despite existing extra materials in periradicular tissues, 100% bone healing as well as collagen formation was observed. Besides, some Giant cells and hemosiderine were found around the areas containing sealer.

Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE AR-SA Every individual may need endodontic treatments for more than once during lifetime. Therefore, a deep long anesthesia is desirable for the patients. In order to diagnose correctly and managing pain completely, modern developments should be concerned. By identifying the origin of pain and pain pathways, its management would be more effective. Nowadays, pain is considered   as a multifactorial phenomenon that can be influenced by many internal and external elements. In this article, the different theories on pain origin and pain pathway and finally on pain management methods are discussed and evaluated in detail.

Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE AR-SA Thorough evaluation was done on the theories, ideas and surveys on dens in dent or dens invaginatus anomaly. Since the histological and embryological structure of teeth in men and mice are similar together,  microscopic structure of a case of dens in dent in a rat is described here in detail which is comparable to this anomaly features in human.

Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE AR-SA Mumps is a contagious, acute, self limiting, benign disease with very low mortality rate. By classic clinical view, Mumps is increased volume of parotid glands. The disease was known specific disease of parotid glands for many years. Hence, it was named as epidemic parotitis with local and limited site of affecting area. As well as parotid glands, it can affect testicles, ovaries, central nervous system, pancreas, heart, kidneys, thyroid gland, etc.  Researchers showed that the disease is not limited to parotid glands but can provoke generalized reactions in the body and parotitis is just the most prevalent clinical feature of it. 21 cases recruited from Imam hospital were observed in this study. The results were similar to the previous international ones except about the frequency rate of the disease which is due to incomplete vaccination in Iran.

Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE AR-SA In current survey, 200 general dentists and 98 general physicians were recruited  as test and control groups respectively and analyzed for having osteoarthritis. The prevalence of osteoarthritis was found considerably higher in dentists compared to physicians ( 23.5% to 13.3%) . The mean age of dentists diagnosed with osteoarthritis was 11 years  lower than physicians( 48 years to 59 years). Osteoarthritis was noticeably higher in neck among dentists but in back was equal between the two groups. The ratio of Osteoarthritis in men to women was 3 to 2. Among the studied cases, neck was the most frequent site of the disease.

Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE AR-SA Treating bony craters by surgical method needs elimination or reduction of bony lesions as well as providing sufficient bone by minimum osteotomy in order to preserve supporting bone. Furcation preservation is very important. Most mandibular molars are overtreated from buccal aspect that leads to inverted morphology and affects buccal forcation. Identifying anatomical structures and their relation to lesions is essential. In crater therapy, furcation and tooth trunk are two major anatomical structures. Low to medium Craters are appropriate for osseous resection. Craters of maxillary molars with palatal plate bone loss are treated by 10 degree palatal inclination and decreasing buccal bone according to root trunk. Besides, osteoplasty  is indicated for buccal bone. Second molars are treated similarly but they have longer root trunks and thicker buccal bone which needs osteoplasty. Craters of Mandibular first molar area are treated by osteoplasty in lingual bone as well as buccal bone reduction according to root trunk . likewise, second molars are treated but they have more lingual bone as well as lingual inclination of teeth and longer root trunks.  On the other hand, scalloped morphology is not sufficiently favorable. Therefore, in order to change flat or low scalloped   morphology we should not destroy supporting bone.

Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE AR-SA In some clinical interventions, there have been some doubts on replacing resin veneers by etched porcelain veneers. Never the less, Public awareness and demand for more aesthetic treatments caused increased usage of laminate veneers in operative treatments as routine treatment method. Dental material companies have rapidly produced newer materials to replace the old ones and respond the needs. Thus, dental science has developed in aesthetic operative dental science. Each novel treatment modality requires modern material and methods that needs experience and knowledge in order to eliminate the complications. Many clinical researches on durability and guidelines of each method have been conducted.  Porcelain veneers require limited tooth preparation and brings high esthetic. In addition, their function and durability are acceptable and their favorable path of insertion is compatible to periodontal tissues.

Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE AR-SA Periodontal ligament changes depend on amount, duration and type of forces. Teeth movement toward periodontal ligament starts from the initial hours by formation of pressure and traction areas. These areas as well as vascular system must be preserved under the forces. Bone loss is resulted from osteoclasts activity. In spongy bone spaces, osteoid is formed. Due to heavy forces, periodontal tissues are pressed, vessels are blocked and periodontal ligament becomes acellular and hyalinised. Also,The osteocytes of undermining bone are damaged in localized areas. In traction areas, fibroblasts proliferation and elongation of periodontal tissues are resulted and osteoid is formed on the areas which are replaced by bundle bone (a part of lamina dura that includes calcified collagen ligaments). Due to heavy forces, collagen in traction area and blood vessels may become ruptured.

Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE AR-SA Eruption is a developmental process in 3 phases of pre-eruptive, prefunctional and functional. Until now there has not been any research on the relationship between eruption and sex and age in Iran in order to compare with the available standards. In This study we recruited 3174 children of 5-8.28 years and eruption sequence in them was evaluated. The results showed that eruption is slightly sooner in girls in comparison to boys which is not statistically significant. The percentage of erupted teeth will increase by increasing age but Maxillary central incisors in boys are the exception. In addition, molars are erupted prior to mandibular centrals.