Payavard Salamat

Study of implementation of safety standards in Tehran University of Medical Sciences Hospitals General Stores

SMH Mousavi

Background and Aim: General Store department is responsible for on time preparing commodities for hospitals departments. It's a place for saving materials and resources. Safety in store department and its materials has importance due to preserving high quality and continuous services.
General Store department safety should be audited by assessment System to reduce waste materials and human resources such as building, commodities and patient and personnelُ s lives and in case of facing with a problem, try to solve it. The aim of this study was determination of safety standards in hospital general stores in TUMS.

Materials and Methods: This research was conducted as a cross-sectional study safety and usage of management principles was advised and measured in hospitals of TUMS sampling was nُ t performed.

Results: Safety rate in research population was more than 85/42 percent. Score in safety aspects like as physical spaces, preventing robbery, blazing materials appropriate storing, commodities arrangement, utilizing suitable tools was more than 80%. Protection against fire and storing rote able materials estimated 79% and 77%.
Safety rate in several aspects was assessed in the study hospitals.

Discussion and Conclusion: Although, hospital store rooms assessed as safe but they should try to develop fire protection systems and store rote able materials preservation appropriately.

Effects of 4- aminopyridine on inflammatory reactions in experimental models

R Gholamnejad

Background And Aim : Nowadays, many inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and Multiple sclerosis (MS) and many other autoimmune inflammatory diseases has involved the people of different communities and cure for them so far has not been provided. Many waste irreparable these diseases caused by overexertion and chronic inflammatory cells and effects of destructive enzymes. Proteolysis like matrix Mtaloproteinazes (MMPs). Hence in this study was discussed effect of drug 4 - amino pyridine (4-AP) to Progress of inflammation in a experimental model of inflammatory response.

Materials and Methods: In this study were used, 48 Out bred rat race, all female Sprague Dawely about 200-150 gr Weight and ages 6 to 8 weeks to induce inflammatory response experiment By bovine Serum albumin (BSA) + adjuvant complete Freund (CFA). Rats were in six groups of 8 each, including: Normal group, patient group, groups of Treatment-1,Treatment-2 , Prevention-1 and Prevention-2. drug 4-AP at different concentrations (400 and 800 micrograms) to groups of Treatment-1, 2 and Prevention-1, 2 rate (0 / 1 microliter) were injected and 48 to 72 hours after injection dosage reminder (only BSA) studied and were compared severity of inflammation.

Results: 48 Rats that were studied, eight rats (66/16%), no inflammatory signs, histopathology and production of antibody anti-BSA did not show and this same group were normal. 8 rats (66/16%) clear signs of severe inflammation showed that were our patient group.32 rats (66/66%), showed less severe signs of inflammation than patients that were the same groups of Treatment-1, 2 and Prevention-1, 2 that they had been received different concentrations of 4-AP.

Discussion and Conclusion: The difference in the severity of inflammation and diffuse infiltration of inflammatory cells in Evaluation clinical, radiology, histopathology and rate of antibody anti- BSA shows that the drug 4-AP reduces the severity of inflammation in the Groups receiving medication than normal and the patient group (p <0.05). Although statistical analysis showed 4-AP Has no effect on production rate of MMPs. The groups of rats had received high concentration the drug (Prevention2 and Treatment2) than groups that low concentration of the drug (Prevention-1 and Treatment-1) showed lower signs of inflammatory.

Assessment of Tehran University of Medical Sciences website based on webometrics criteria at 2008

SJ Ghazi mirsaeed

Background And Aim: Nowadays university websites are very important in information services. There fore university has designed website for categorizing and availability of mass of information . This study accomplish to purpose evaluated of Tehran university of medicine sciences website base on webometrics criteria on 2008 .

Materials and Methods: This survey have been used link analysis methods by four criteria : visibility , size , rich file and google scholar . The situation of Tehran university of medicine sciences website has surveyed . Data gathering tools at webometrics survey are search engines . Data are gathering at google , yahoo, live search and exalead search engine . For data analysis used Excel software.

Results: Findings showed that , visibility of Tehran university of medicine sciences website with 9562 inlinks are weak , nevertheless published research at google scholar with 12100 articles , have suitable ranked in region and world. also size of university website depended to indexing of search engine , web of university often indexing at google and yahoo , less than at live search and exalead .10813 pages published at Rich files format on google , website of university tend to publish rich files as format of .pdf and then .Doc and .ppt . Average load time for tums with 4.2 second is not desirable.

Discussion and Conclusion: Number of papers and citations for tums domain at google scholar is very good at world and middle east. Number of pages recovered from Google, Yahoo in Persian language are optimum but pages from Live Search and Exalead in English language is not favorable . The total number of unique external links received to tums website from Iranian university website is good but from international and information institution is low .

Assessment of lactoferrin concentration in human milk and survey on it's relation with age, childbirth time, and after childbirth

AR Salehinodeh

Background and Aim : Lactoferrin is one of the milk components with the main role in iron absorption and transfer. As a result of this action the pathogens that need iron for their life cannot grow, so the infection will be controled, indirectly. Moreover, because the lactoferrin production is stopped in the women with breast cancer, evaluation of this protein in milk may be the first step in detection of breast cancer tumors, and making decision about the appropriate treatment methods. Therefore, with due attention to the important role of lactoferrin in health and disease, determination of its normal dose in milk is very essential for the differences that may occur comparing with the normal situation. Also since the normal amount of lactoferrin in the milk of Iranian women was not evaluated in this study the amount of protein in more than 100 sample was measured.

Materias and Methods: The lactoferrin amount was measured by SRID method in 104 human milk samples of mothers that were referred to two public health centers in Tehran for vaccination of their children, and also in women that were hospitalized after childbirth in 2 health centers of Qom city. The data such as age, time of childbirth, etc were obtained by asking them and filling pre-designed questionnaire. All laboratory experiments were conducted in the Immunology unit of pathobiology department of School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences.

Results: The mean concentration of lactoferrin was 4.39 g/L, in the early milk (6-10 days after childbirth) was 3.79 g/L and in the mature milk (11-60 days after childbirth) measured as 2.45 g/L.

Discussion and Conclusion: The mean concentration of Lactoferrin in milk (g/L) has a significant difference with the day after childbirth (P<0.05) and was highest in Colostrums and then in primary milk. After that this amount is reduced extremely. This indicates the important role of lactoferrin in the primary days of infants, because of the protective role that it has against infections. Also the results of this study showed no significant correlation between human milk and factors such as age and childbirth time.

Effects of an educational program on self-care behaviors and its perceived benefits and barriers in patients with Heart Failure in Tehran

J Shojafard

Backgrounds and Aim: Self-care behaviors are an important aspect of Heart Failure (HF), management, Educating self-care behaviors to HF patients have to be a part of routine management of HF in hospitals and health care Centers. The aim of this study was to determine the impact of an educational intervention on self-care behaviors and its perceived benefits and barriers in patients with HF in Tehran.

Materials and Methods: This is was an interventional study. A Simple sampling was conducted on 180 outpatients (90 intervention group and 90 control group) with HF referring to Shaheed Rajaee Heart Hospital in Tehran to participate in this study. Before and 2 months after implementing the educational program through group discussion, face to face interview, educational movies and pamphlets, a self-prepared questionnaire was completed by the participants. Validity and reliability of the scales were approved. SPSS software was used for the purpose of data entry, manipulation, and analysis.

Results: After implementing the educational program, patients' self-care (74.5%) and perceived benefits (19.35%) were significantly increased (P<0.0001) and their perceived barriers (27.76%) were significantly decreased (P<0.0001). After intervention there was no significant difference in these variables in control group.

Discussion and Conclusion: In order to design effective educational programs, healthcare professionals and nurses should better understand self-care behaviors in HF patients and their determinants and develop educational interventions. Promoting perceived benefits and barriers of these behaviors are priorities of the program. Healthcare professionals and nurses applying such educational programs can have a more effective role in promoting self-care behaviors and consequently quality of life of HF patients.

Effects of interventional educational program in physical activity

F Estebsari

Backgrounds and Aim: Physical activity is one of lifestyle components. 2010 report of health people indicates that physical activity in young people is a high priority of health. A youth attends to maintenance self physical activity till adulthood, since lifestyle is forming mainly in this period. Insufficient physical activity and inactivity with unhealthy nutrition causes chronic diseases such as heart disease, diabetes, ostheoporoses , etc.

Materials and Methods: This study was an interventional educational upon female school students in Tonkabon in 2008 in two groups, intervention and control (each group 300). Data gathering tools included demographic, knowledge/attitude and practice assessment questionnaires. First knowledge ,attitude and practice of whole students was assessed.Then the interventional educational programe: 8 hours education (weekly sessions, every session one hour), lecture, question and answer ,pamphelet, and movies about advantages and disadvantages of physical activity and the nessecity of continuing till the future was done. After two month of intervention ,two groups were compared in knowledge,attitude and practice.The data were analized with SPSS and STATA.

Results: After the intervention, there was a significant increase in mean of knowledge, attitude and practice, in intervention group compared to control group (p<0.05). Educational intervention caused 15 score on knowledge ,5 score on attitude and 1.6 score on practice improvement. Among effective factors variable Such as :mothers literacy and fathers job affected knowledge ,and level of literacy affected attitude , and mothers education affected practice of student.

Discussion and Conclusion: Physical activity is one of the lifestyle components and in young people is a high priority of health. This study shows that Educational intervention caused improvement on knowledge attitude, and practice.

Application of Allele Specific Oligonucleotide (ASO) PCR in determination of Rh antigens in thalassemic patients

F Nabatchian

Background and Aim: Thalassemia is a genetic disease whit relative or complete lack of alpha or beta globin chain. Patients with moderate and severe form need to have multitransfusion in early life. Occurrence of all immunization against blood group antigens in patients with thalassemia is relatively high and may have difficulties in treatment and transfusion. Antibody production against this blood groups cause lots of problems like preparation of compatible blood for transfusion. Correct diagnosis of blood group phenotype due to existence of dual population of donor and patient RBC would be difficult.

Materials and Methods: In this study, randomly from 40 thalassemic patients, before blood transfusion, 4cc of peripheral blood collected in tubes containing EDTA. Also, 10 healthy individuals who had no history of blood transfusion were in the study as control for serological (agglutination) and molecular results . Phenotyping of patients and control group was done by tube agglutination method by commercial antibody. For molecular test, Allele Specific Primer Amplification (ASPA) PCR was performed for each antigens in separate micro tubes.

Results: In this study' we could set up a method that can amlify any of Rh C c E and E gene separately by a pair of specific primer in a same thermal conditions.Comparison of results of two methods showed that in the control group with no transfusion history. Similar results in phenotyping and genotyping was observed. But in patients, results of two methods had lots of differences.

Discussion and Conclusion: The advantage of this method over PCR-RFLP method is that' all four genes can be amplified the in a same concentration and temperature conditions, and ability to determine the individual's antigen, immediately by electrophoresis. Therefore, Since the above method is simple and inexpensive for medical and research centers it is recommended.

Comparative study on purposes and structure of Occupational Diseases Information System in America, Finland, French and Iran

S Davoodi

Background and Aim: Occupational diseases are certain types of diseases that have been caused by special jobs and subject to special circumstances. There are several factors that can intensify these diseases. Various countries have indicated that they have played an effective role in decreasing exposures and its economic costs and attracting optimal resources through establishment of a comprehensive information system for occupational diseases with a appropriate structure. Health improvement is considered as the first aim of the health system which requires a comprehensive, complete and integrated information system on occupational disease.

Materials and Methods: This is a descriptive Comparative study which was conducted in 2008 during which information systems in countries such as US, Finland, France and Iran have been studied based on their objectives and structures. Main instrument of this research was articles, books, magazines, valid internet sites in English language. Then, the gathered data were classified and analyzed.

Results: All the three selected countries had an electronic information system and database in the field of occupational disease. In Finland, data of occupational diseases as well as their damages are kept in separate databases while US lacks a comprehensive system. There are countless systems in these countries in this field. In France, supervision on laboratories is a priority. In Iran, there is no certain comprehensive system for registering diseases.

Discussion and Conclusion: All of these countries have the same objectives. Structure of occupational diseases information system, in Finland, is more comprehensive. Iran lacks such a system, so it is recommended to make use of the experiences of other countries and establish electronic comprehensive disease system in this country.