Payavard Salamat

Prevalence Of Microbial Contamination In Cellulose Products Supplied In The City Of Tehran

Mohammad Mehdi Soltan Dallal

Background and Aim: Along with the constant increase in world population and consequently, the growing need to provide cellulose, as the most abundant organic substance in nature to produce cellulose products, concerns regarding the possible contamination of these products might cause skin, and genital and urinary infections. The aim of this study is to determine the possible microbial contamination of these products supplied in the city of Tehran.

Materials and Methods: This is a descriptive study on 200 samples of unexpired cellulose products including napkins, nappies, sanitary napkin, and cardboard boxes to carry sweets. Fifty samples were obtained in the city of Tehran during six months from September 2011 to February 2012. Microbial contamination was investigated according to the procedure proposed by the Institute of Standards and Industrial Research of Iran.

Results: The results obtained indicate that 18 samples (9%) exceeded the level allowed for aerobic bacteria and molds in one gram of specimens. Besides, 16 samples (8%) were contaminated with at least one of the following bacteria: Streptococcus Group D, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli. A total of 34 samples (17%) could not be consumed. The least and the most contaminated products were sanitary napkins (0.5%) and cardboard boxes to carry sweets (5%), respectively.

Conclusion: The presence of pathogenic bacteria in cellulose products that could cause skin, and genital and urinary tract infections asks for more control over such sanitary products.

Information Literacy Among Undergraduate Students Of Health Services Administration In Ahvaz Jundishapur University Of Medical Sciences Based On SCONUL Seven Pillars Model: 2013

Farzad Faraji Khiavi

Background and Aim: Information literacy is a set of skills required to identify rightful information resources and access to them. These skills are empowering goal oriented use of information resources. This study aimed to determine the ability rate of information literacy among health services administration students in Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences based on SCONUL seven pillars model.

Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive-analytic study was conducted using a questionnaire developed based on SCONUL information literacy seven pillars model. Validity of the questionnaire was confirmed through content analysis and coefficient of Chronbach’s alpha was 0.93. The study population included students of health services administration in Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences in 2013. The sample size included 40 cases collected randomly. Data analyzed through SPSS descriptive statistics and non-parametric statistical tests.

Results: The mean score for the studied components of information literacy abilities among the study population was 0.5±0.43. Information Literacy score among freshmen was significantly different from other students (P<0.03). Students who passed Computer Basics and Research Methodology educational courses showed significant differences from other students in the information management (P<0.01).

Conclusion: Given the increasing development in information technology, the need to develop information literacy skills is considerable especially among those who are going to be engaged in the health sector. Although studied students’ information literacy estimated relatively well, it seems necessary to take measures to improve their information literacy in all components.

Technical Knowledge Of Managers Of Health Care Industry Regarding Budgeting In Eastern Azarbayejan

Abolghasem Pourreza

Background and Aim: : Technical knowledge of managers of health care industry regarding budgeting have an essential function on increased efficiency of organizations working in this sector, since every single right decision, rely on appropriate knowledge and analysis. Therefore, the purpose of this study was assessment of technical knowledge of managers of health care system regarding budgeting.

Materials and Methods: This was a descriptive -analytic, cross- sectional study. From 80 managers of Tabriz Medical Sciences University 63 participated in the study and a questionnaire was employed to collect data. Data was analyzed by Spss 16 software, Pearson correlation test, T test and ANOVA.

Results: Mean of total scores was 16.9±4.6 of 30. There was no significant difference between total scores in different courses (P=0.276) and positions (P=0.431). Mean of total scores between women and men (P=0.782) were the same.

There weren't significant relation between technical knowledge of managers with age (p=0.392, r=0.1), job background (p=0.299, r=0.1) and management background (p=0.121, r=0.2).

Conclusion: With respect to low level of manager's awareness about budgeting,improving of technical knowledge is essential. Lack of significant relation between technical knowledge of managers and their length of management practices, with unstable situation, may harm seriously organizational achievements. Reviewing and promotion of educational programs and continuous training of managers with respect to budgeting seems to be an essential need for improving manager's performance.

A Minimum Data Set Of Radiology Reporting System For Exchanging With Electronic Health Record System In Iran

Azadeh Bashiri

Background and Aim: In order to better design an electronic health record system in the country, determining standardized data elements for creating an integrated information system is important. In this study, the minimum data set of radiology reporting system is determined.

Materials and Methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, 13 radiologists, 3 anesthesiologists, 3 general practitioners and 3 insurance experts working in the Imaging Center of Imam Khomeini hospital in Tehran were chosen. The research tool was a questionnaire having 11 parts. Content validity and test-retest method were used to measure the validity and reliability of the questionnaire, respectively. Data analysis was performed using the SPSS software.

Results: The highest means reported were radiologists' written explanations and suggestions (9.6), image interpretation (9.5), the name of contrast material (9.4), the name of imaging procedure (9.3) type and date of previous measures (9.1), and the final diagnosis (9) and the lowest averages belonged to referring physician's address (4.8), relationship between patients and the primary individual insured (4.3), and religion (2.2).

Conclusion: In an electronic health record system, due to the importance of radiology reports for the diagnosis and future management of a patient's clinical problems, it is necessary to pay attention to the minimum set of data related to these reports such as administrative, insurance, patient identity, and clinical data, and the results of radiological examinations for exchanging with electronic health record system.

A Comparative Study Of The Athlete Health Records’ Minimum Data Set In Selected Countries And Presenting A Model For Iran

Robab Abdolkhani

Background and Aim: The quality of health record depends on the quality of its content and proper documentation. Minimum data set makes a standard method for collecting key data elements that make them easy to understand and enable comparison. The aim of this study was to determine the minimum data set for Iranian athletes’ health records.

Materials and Methods: This study is an applied research of a descriptive - comparative type which was carried out in 2013. By using internal and external forms of documentation, a checklist was created that included data elements of athletes health record and was subjected to debate in Delphi method by experts in the field of sports medicine and health information management.

Results: From 97 elements which were subjected to discussion, 85 elements by more than 75 percent of the participants (as the main elements) and 12 elements by 50 to 75 percent of the participants (as the proposed elements) were agreed upon. In about 97 elements of the case, there was no significant difference between responses of alumni groups of sport pathology and sports medicine specialists with medical record, medical informatics and information management professionals.

Conclusion: Minimum data set of Iranian athletes’ health record with four information categories including demographic information, health history, assessment and treatment plan was presented. The proposed model is available for manual and electronic medical records.

Evaluation Of Healthcare Services Of Medical Universities' Websites In Line With E-Government

Zahra Meidani

Background and Aim: Due to the role of websites in delivering e-services, this study aims to benchmark rendering healthcare services at medical universities' websites based on Chandler and Emanuel’s four-stage e-government maturity model.

Materials and Methods: This is a descriptive, cross-sectional study which was conducted using content analysis and benchmarking to evaluate the delivery of healthcare services through medical universities websites towards e-government maturity including Information, Interaction, Transaction and Integration services in 1390.

Results: The results of the study revealed that type I universities were moderate in giving information, and type II and III universities were poor in this regard. Websites of type I, II and III universities were poor in interaction with scores 1.4±0.73, 1.3±0.75 and 1.2±0.62, respectively. The score of all universities was weak in transaction and integration of healthcare services (mean 1 ±0).

Conclusion: Medical universities' websites have lagged behind to render e-services. Due to the challenges of health services and information, realization of e-government in healthcare arena requires special consideration. Adopting e-government in other settings, detecting barriers, and formulating related laws and policies can pave the way to achieve e-government in healthcare arena

Environmental Barriers To Transfer And Commercialize Nanomedicine Research Results In Iran: A Qualitative Research

Seyed Reza Hejazi

Background and Aim: Nanomedicine is growing very fast. Transfer and commercialization of research results in Nanomedicine is a missing link between technology and market. This is affected by some factors which are barriers to commercialization. The aim of this study was to identify barriers to transfer and commercialize nanomedicine research results in Iran.

Materials and Methods: The research method was qualitative method based on eight semi-structured in-depth interviews with nanomedicine and commercialization experts in year 2011 in Iran.

Results: The proposed model of commercialization consisted of five distinct parts: transferor, transferee, transfer object, transfer mechanisms and environmental factors. In this study twenty six environmental factors in seven categories as Environmental Barriers to Transfer and Commercialization of Nanomedicine Research Results was identified.

Conclusion: The most important barrier to nanomedicine commercialization in Iran are licensing system, lack of capital, and consumption culture.

The Effect Of Cigarette And Waterpipe Smoke On Serum Level Of Alanine Aminotransferase And Aspartate Aminotransferase In Male Rats

Sahar Eshghjoo

Background and Aim: Smoking can influence liver or heart enzymes. The main aim of this study is to determine the effects of cigarette or waterpipe smoke on serum level of alanine aminotransferase (SGOT) or aspartate aminotransferase (SGPT) in male rats.

Materials and Methods: In this experimental laboratory study, 15 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into control groups of 5, and animals were exposed to cigarette and waterpipe smoke. After 6 weeks, blood samples were collected using cardiac puncture method. Following serum collection, levels of SGOT or SGPT were measured by spectroscopy method. Data were statistically analyzed and compared between groups using one-way ANOVA.

Results: Serum levels of SGPT significantly increased in rats exposed to waterpipe and cigarette smoke compared with control animals (P<0.05), but serum levels of SGOT significantly increased only in animals exposed to waterpipe smoke. There was not a significant difference between serum levels of SGOT or SGPT in rats exposed to waterpipe or cigarette smoke.

Conclusion: Waterpipe smoke -- like cigarette smoke -- has pathophysiological effects on liver and heart, which appears in elevated serum levels of SGOT and SGPT.