Payavard Salamat

Models of Opposing Against Job Stress among Military Staff

Saeed Niknafs

Background and Aim: People use various ways against the stresses. Choosing a suitable confront ways can reduce the influence of stresses on individuals is mental health and lead to more compatibility. Therefore, the purpose of the current survey was to investigate the methods of opposing against job stress in military staff.
Materials and Methods: The procedure was of descriptive-analytical type, and it was implemented through questionnaires. Two types of questionnaires, job stress and coping with stressor situation, were handed in to number of 959 individuals as the sample of the research. Percentiles, frequencies, averages and standard deviations were obtained through descriptive statistics. Statistical method of T between the two samples and multi-variable regression model were used to analyze the data. All analyses were performed in SPSS package version 18.
Results: Results showed that job stress within sample group had the best condition concerning sub-component of "role" with average of 3.79 and standard deviation of 0.86, whereas the worst condition was related to sub-component of "communication" with average of 2.77 and standard deviation of 0.84. Military staff use problem-base mode to cope with their stressors. Regression coefficients also suggested that only exciting-base mode can predict job stress.
Conclusion: Problem-base mode is the most used method by military in coping with stressful situations.

The Relationship of Quality Improvement and Patient Safety with Performance Indicators in Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science Teaching Hospitals

Amir Ashkan Nasiripour

Background and Aim: In health sector, improving quality of treatment services and patient safety are considered as vital. The objective of this study was to determine the relationship between the quality improvement and patient safety (QPS) and the hospital performance indicators.
Materials and Methods: In this descriptive analysis research, the statistical population included managers, matrons, one of the members of the quality improvement committee and one of the clinical governance office members of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science teaching hospitals (N=44). In order to evaluate QPS, data were gathered through questionnaire and the hospital performance indicator data were gathered through interview and observation. Also independent T test was used to determine the relationship between the quality improvement and patient safety and performance indicators.
Results: All five areas of (QPS) including leading and planning, designing clinical and managerial processes, collecting the data, analyzing the data and improvement were significant in QPS score and according to independent T-test, the relationship between (QPS) and bed occupancy percentage, average length of inpatient stay, bed turnover interval, bed turnover rate and gross death rate was significant (p-value<0/05).
Conclusion: Considering (QPS) standards can improve hospital performance indicators.

Review on Dashboard: A Tool for Value Innovation from Intellectual Capitals in Hospital

Reza Safdari

Background and Aim: Hospital is a complex ecosystem in terms of diversity of services, clients, personnel, equipment, technologies, data and information which are generated. Since the ultimate goal of a hospital is to improve quality of care along with reducing cost, using intellectual tool such as dashboard can create strategic value.

Materials and Methods: This review article was performed based on a literature review and internet search through such scientific databases as PubMed, EBSCO host research, Proquest, Emerald, Web of science and search engine such as Google, Google Scholar. In this study, the articles about intellectual capitals as well as the application of dashboard in healthcare between year 2009 and 2013 were reviewed.

Conclusion: Application of dashboard in hospital can create strategic values such as respond to environmental changes rapidly, identify new market opportunities, become a learning organization by discovering new patterns and relationship among data, achieve best practices by analyzing patterns of treatment and results and achieve the highest efficiency.

Investigation of the Safety Management Status in the Selected Hospitals, Affiliated to Tehran University of Medical Sciences, 2012

Aslan Nazari

Background and Aim: Safety is an important component in the quality of health care that lack of attention to it leads to harmful results. This study was conducted to estimate the safety management status in selected hospitals affiliated with Tehran University of Medical Sciences.
Materials and Methods: This analytical-descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in four selected hospitals affiliated to Tehran University of Medical Science in 2012. Data collection was performed through a valid and reliable questionnaire (Safety management) involved 112 questions in 3 parts: organization, safety and event committee’s management, investigation of organization and hospital’s structure and evaluation standards for surgery rooms by safety management views, in 5 options of Likert criteria. SPSS software frequency, mean and standard deviation and Kruskal–Wallis were used for statistical analysis of data’s.
Results: In the evaluation of the hospital organization factor and its structure from safety management approach, each hospital’s organizational structure form safety management view was in a suitable condition (72.50). The result also showed that in respect to evaluation of surgery rooms for safety management, the highest average of calculated score was for hospitals number 1 (90.00) and the lowest was related to hospital number 4 (69.09).
Conclusion: According to the results, safety in hospital was in an acceptable level. But it seems that continuous monitoring and safety management training courses is essential.

Trace Elements Effects on Blood Glucose and lipids Level in Diabetic Rat’s Serum

Behnaz Gharegozlou

Background and Aim: Diabetes is a metabolic disorder, in which either there is no sufficient insulin in the body or the available insulin is not capable of acting properly. Defining the effects of trace elements can help to make use of these elements in control or preventing diabetes.

Materials and Methods: Forty-eight Wistar male rats were equally divided into eight groups. Three different control groups and five test groups. Test groups was treated with streptozotocin (60 mg/kg intraperitonieal) to induce diabetes, then supplemented with specific trace elements: Zinc, Chromium, Magnesium, Manganese and Copper. After one week, glucose, triglyceride and cholesterol levels in serum of all groups were assayed with routine methods. Then mentioned trace elements were gavaged to each groups with proper dosages. Gavage was performed during 3 weeks, then the blood tests were repeated. Median values were taken, the results were analyzed by SPSS software and p<0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results: Levels of glucose in the serum of experimental group were found to be significantly higher than in the control group (p=0.0009). Oral administration of trace elements for 23 days exhibited a significant reduction of serum glucose (P=0.0009) and cholesterol level (p=0.019) in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats but not in control groups.

Conclusion: The present study indicated that treatment of diabetic rats with some trace elements to attenuate hyperglycemia until reaching the normal range. Between different trace elements which were used, Cr is suggested for its great ability in decreasing the glucose, cholesterol with no effect on triglyceride levels as compared with normal rats.

Investigation of Different Affiliations of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences in Scientific Publications and Their Effect on the Result of Research Activities Evaluation

Shadi Asadzandi

Background and Aim: Heterogeneous insertion of Organizational affiliations can cause loss of ranking points in the national and international levels. So, we decided to investigate the different affiliations of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences in scientific publications that indexed in Web of Science and their effect on the result of research activities evaluation in the year 2012.
Materials and Methods: Methodology of this study is bibliometric approach with descriptive survey. The study included 1139 scientific production of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences that indexed in Web of Science in the first one in April 2011 to April 2012.
Results: 1139 articles indexed in the Web of Science, 94/38% in the evaluation of the research activities of the ministry of health have been scored and 5/61% failed. Among the unsuccessful papers 1/01%, had been inserted affiliation incorrectly. One-sample t-test showed that the mean score of 1/01% has no significant statistical impact on the total average rating of products indexed in Web of Science.
Conclusion: Investigation showed that standard insertion of affiliation has impact on enterprise University Ranked and University status at the international level.

Investigation of Appropriateness of Patient Hospitalization Based on Appropriateness Evaluation Protocol (AEP)

Zahra Meidani

Background and Aim: In attention to hospital beds serves as an invaluable resource in health system and necessity for appropriate hospital beds utilization through the reduction of patient inappropriate stay, this study aimed to assess the proportion and causes for hospital inappropriate stays.
Materials and Methods: The proportion and causes for hospital inappropriate stays were analyzed in a cross-sectional survey using a sample of 1925 days of hospital stay based on the Appropriateness Evaluation Protocol. The study was conducted at the tertiary care University Hospital Shahid Beheshti, 510 – bed teaching hospital which is located in the central part of Iran.
Results: Hundred and twenty one days (6.3%) of 1925 days of patient hospitalization were inappropriate. There was relationship between inappropriate stay and patients’ age and types of insurance. Findings relating to analysis of patient non demographic causes revealed that among hospitals, physicians and patient causes, Hospital-related causes and Physicians related causes have the most impact 42 (33.1%) and 37 (29.1%) on patient inappropriate stay respectively.
Conclusion: AEP list of reasons provides base line data for performance improvement in health care organizations. For conducting improvement process, developing a multidisciplinary team under title of Utilization Review committee is recommended to pave the way for targeted interventions based on identified potential causes.

Assessment of Quality Control for Medical Imaging Devices in Ilam Imaging Centers

Hossein Qeraati

Background and Aim: One of the main steps of optimization process in diagnostic imaging is quality control of X-ray devices. If the control quality process and the quality of X-ray equipment are not ensured through a systematic procedure, it can increase the risk of unnecessary exposures among the population. Therefore, this study can reduce the risk of unnecessary exposures in the entire population.
Materials and Methods: In this study, six quality control tests including voltage measurement accuracy test, time accuracy test, output repeatability test, output to time linearity test, output to milliamp linearity test, and radiation quality measurement test were evaluated in all centers of Ilam in accordance with what the international Atomic Energy Agency and the Atomic Energy Organization of Iran has presented.
Results: The result showed that diagnostic X-ray devices available in Ilam had a relatively good quality in all quality control tests that were done except the associated with the radiance quality of (HVL). However, almost all these devices need to add additional filters to the X-ray tubes to resolve error in their HVL.
Conclusion: Adding additional filters to radiology devices in Ilam Province and modifying the thickness of filters seem to be necessary and desirable which will prevent the unnecessary increase in patients' dose. The accurate and regular implementation of quality control tests in imaging wards should change into a culture. On the other hand, the relevant organizations which have the great responsibility to protect people against radiation are recommended to monitor and supervise radiology centers more accurately and responsibly to repair diagnostic radiation devices.