Payavard Salamat

Health And Social Capital Inequalities Among People Affected/ Not Affected By Cancer, Referring To Cancer Institute Of Tehran

Mohamad Tavakol

Background and Aim: Social capital is one of the social determinants of health, which might have an important role in health inequalities. The amount of social capital gained by individuals differs depending on social circumstances in fact, not all individuals can equally benefit from social resources of social capital. This study aims to examine the effect of social capital dimensions on being afflicted by cancer in patients referring to Cancer Institute of Tehran.

Materials and Methods: This is an analytic-descriptive study, the population of which included all patients aged over 14 and affected by stomach, colon and breast cancers, referring to Cancer Institute of Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. The sample consists of 106 subjects who have been chosen using the classified probability sampling method. The data collection device was a questionnaire together with a structured interview. Social capital emphasizes the two structural and cognitive dimensions. Moreover, it stresses personal social capital.

Results: Health inequalities and cancer are the results of simultaneous interaction between the different dimensions of social capital and behavioral/psychological and biological factors. People enjoying similar social capital in life experience cancer-related stress and unhealthy behavior in different ways

Conclusion: An increase or decrease in any of the social capital components can lead to a change in the number of those getting the disease.

Organizational Entrepreneurship And Innovation At Medical Sciences Universities of Iran

Reza Dehghan

Background and Aim: This study aimed to assess the factors affecting organizational innovation and entrepreneurship at medical sciences universities in Iran. Such universities provide a wide range of services and products including prevention (hygiene), treatment (medical care), rehabilitation and palliative care, as well as their important mission, i. e., higher education and research in related fields.

Materials and Methods: In this study, the researchers developed and examined a model for organizational innovation and entrepreneurship, including 16 factors classified into structure, content (behavior) and context (periphery) of the subject.
The data collection instrument was a pre-structured questionnaire containing 58 core questions on the Likert scale. The validity of the questionnaire was computed by elites, and its reliability was estimated using Cronbach's Alpha (94%). Of 389 questionnaires, 325 were collected and their data were analyzed by SPSS software, version 18.

Results: The three factors -- structural (structure), behavioral (content) and peripheral (context) -- which affect innovation and entrepreneurship are not favorable at medical universities.

Conclusion: This study shows that structural, behavioral and peripheral factors are the most important, which affect innovation and organizational entrepreneurship at medical sciences universities.

Candida Flora Colonization And Its Complications In Patients With Down Syndrome

Hossein Nowrozi

Background and Aim: Candida spp can colonize in oral cavity in immunocompromised patients and can lead to candidiasis. Because of immunocompromised condition in patients with Down syndrome, this study aimed at the colonization rate of candida spp in the mouths of such patients.

Materials and Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out on 53 patients with Down syndrome (29 males and 24 females) within the age range of 4-31 years (mean age: 11.1 years) and supported by the welfare organization, Tabriz branch.
The samples were taken from the dorsal and buccal parts of tongues using sterile swabs, and were cultured on Sabouraud Dextrose Agar (SDA+ Chloramphenicol) and corm candida agar.
Determination of candida species was based on phenotype characteristics and chlamydoconidia production in Corn Meal Agar containing Tween 80.

Results: Altogether 60 isolates of candida spp were isolated from 46 positive patients [26 males (56.52%) and 20 females (43.48%)]. C.albicans with 35 cases (66.03%) were the most frequent isolate and C.dubliniensis with 9 cases (16.98%), C.krusei with 7 cases (13.20%), C.globrata with 5 cases (9.43%) and C.tropicalis with 4 cases (7.54%) were the following ranks. In 12 patients (22.4%), there were more than one species of candida in their oral cavity.

Conclusion: Due to the immunocompromised condition in patients with Down syndrome caused by a decrease in IgA and the activity of H2O2 (main destructive agent of C.albicans), the necessity of colonization rate of Candida in such patients is recommended.

Evaluation Of The Safety Conditions Of Shiraz University Of Medical Sciences Educational Hospitals Using Safety Audit Technique

Mahdi Jahangiri

Background and Aim: Hospitals are among the most important establishments providing health services, in which -- due to special hazards -- the observance of safety principles is of great importance. This research aimed to study the safety conditions at educational hospitals of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences(SUMS).

Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted in all educational hospitals in Shiraz and their safety status was investigated using safety audit technique. To this end, audit checklists were prepared and completed through observation, interview with managers and officials of various departments as well as studying the related documents. Then, based on the realization of safety requirements, hospitals were classified into three levels of poor (lower than 50%), medium (5o-75%), and good (higher than75%).

Results: The mean realization of safety requirements in the studied hospitals was 58 percent. The highest and lowest levels of realization of safety requirements were related to radiation safety and safety management, respectively. Safety status was evaluated as poor in 25% and medium in 75% of the studied hospitals.

Conclusion: The safety conditions of the studied hospitals, especially as regards safety management, emergency response plan, and fire safety aspects were relatively poor. The most important reason for that was the lack of clarity of responsibilities and of safety organizational structure. To improve the safety status, hospitals are required to establish the Occupational Health and Safety Management System (OHSAS 18001).

Comparison Of Perfectionism In People Who Have Cosmetic Rhinoplasty Surgery And Control Group In Yasouj City

Ali Mohamadi

Background and Aim: In recent years demand for a variety of cosmetic surgery, especially rhinoplasty has been increased in our country. Some research has shown that psychological factors influence the request for cosmetic surgery. Therefore, this study was performed to examine the dimensions of perfectionism.

Materials and Methods: The study was a causation - comparative study conducted in the spring and summer of 2010 in yasouj city. Fifty people undergone rhinoplasty surgery were compared with 50 subjects as controls. For the comparison of the dimensions and subscales of perfectionism, Frost multidimensional perfectionism scale was used. Data was analysed using SPSS software and dependent t test.

Results: Women using rhinoplasty were more than men. Most participants were single and between 26-30 years. The majority of the subjects had university education and their income level was between 7010000 to 9000000rials. There was significant difference in the Perfectionism subscale between the two groups in the Individual standards (P=0/001), order (P=0/001), concern about mistakes (P=0/001), parental criticism (P=0/001), doubt about action (P=0/013) and parental expectations (P=0/04). Generally the study showed significant difference in Perfectionism between the two groups(P=0/001).

Conclusion: People who had cosmetic rhinoplasty surgery were more perfectionists and were often negative perfectionists.

Role Of The International Book Fair To Supply Books For Libraries Of Tehran & Shahid Beheshti University Of Medical Science

Shanaz Nori Sandyani

Background and Aim: The international book fair is an opportunity for school libraries. This study was conducted to determine the role of the Tehran international book fair to provide books for school libraries.

Materials and Methods: The study is a descriptive survey. Employees and authorities worked in libraries affiliated to Tehran and Beheshti Medical Sciences Universities consisted the study population. Sample size included 41 individuals(26 staff and 15 officials). For data analysis descriptive statistics by using one sample t- test, chi square, ANOVA and correlation were used.

Results: The highest average score dedicated to choose books in school libraries was a scale of a 3/35± 0/89. With an average score of 3/06±0/07, the role of International book fair in supplying books for school libraries was moderate. Correlation test showed that problems of school libraries had the highest correlation(r=0/36) while the lowest correlation was related to the possibility of book supply(r =0/067).

Conclusion: The international book fair does not have an effective role in supplying books for school libraries. It is necessary to use new approaches to supply books for academic libraries.

Performance Evaluation of Rajaei Hospital Based on «EFQM» Organizational Excellence Model

Rooholah Kalhor

Background and Aim: Organizations have to establish modern management systems to progress and to obtain maturity. One of the techniques which started in Europe in the last two decades and is considered in management area of country during recent years is the model of organizational promotion (EFQM). The purpose of this study was Performance Evaluation of Rajaei Hospital Based on «EFQM» Organizational Excellence Model.

Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in year 2010 in Qazvin Rajai Hospital. Data collection tool, was EFQM organization Excellence Model questionnaire which was completed by all the managers. Validity and reliability of questionnaire was calculated. Results were analyzed using descriptive statistics.

Results: Results indicated that this hospital has acquired 99.183 scores out of 500 in enablers factor(88.36 percent of optimum score). Also has gained 183.71 scores out of 500 (36/75 percent of optimum score). Overall, this hospital has obtained 366.7 scores out of 1000 as the total score in the model for performance evaluation in year 2010.

Conclusion: Findings indicated that based on Excellence model criteria, this hospital is in a moderate level. Applying this model for Iranian hospitals which often meet serious problems in this area is informative and practical. Strong systematic view, paying attention to organizational process-based management and being result-oriented are advantageous of using this model.

Analysis Of Medical Sciences Articles Structure Quality During 2002-2008

Masoud Salehi

Background and Aim: Quality of printed papers in 4 four medical journals affiliated to one of the universities of medical sciences in Iran was assessed based on methodological and statistical methods.

Materials and Methods: In this cross sectional study conducted in 2010, out of all articles published between the years 2002 to 2008 in one of the universities of medical sciences for affiliated journals that were equal to 1568, a sample of 162 articles were selected with Multi-stage stratified sampling method . For data collection, standard questionnaire was used to develop an information form. One sample t-test and Kruskal-Wallis test were used to compare scores from different parts of article.

Results: Cross sectional studies with 61.7% (100 papers) formed most of studies. Median of authors and number of references for each article were 3 and 19, respectively and 10% of articles had more than 35 references. Material and methods with 3.53 points from 4 points (88.2%) earned the mighest score which was of high quality and conclusion achieved the lowest score. Also p-value has been reported correctly in 102 articles (81.6%). In 95 articles (58.6%) results were not compare with the similar internal articles whereas only in 21 articles (13%) comparison was not made with similar external researches.

Conclusion: The present study showed that the overall quality of the medical articles is not desirable. Hence, employing experts in research methods and statistics in various medical studies can improve the quality of articles in this branch of science.