Payavard Salamat

Factors Influencing the Creation and Development of E-Learning from the Viewpoint of Zahedan University of Medical Sciences Students

Arman Bahari

Background and Aim: Increasing the use of smartphones, improving the state of World Wide Web, and also the need for flexibility in the education process have made the implementation of e-learning in human society inevitable, eliminated time and space limitations, and provided equal education. However, the pace of its creation and development, especially in universities and higher education centers in developing countries such as Iran, is very slow. Therefore, the present study aims to investigate the factors affecting the creation and development of e-learning from the viewpoint of students of Zahedan University of Medical Sciences.
Materials and Methods: This is an applied and descriptive-survey study. The sample includes 313 students studying at Zahedan University of Medical Sciences during 2016-2017, who were selected by simple random sampling. Data were collected using a researcher-made questionnaire and analyzed using statistical tests and SPSS software.
Results: The findings show that the six selected factors of this study affect the creation and development of e-learning from the viewpoint of Zahedan University of Medical Sciences students. From the highest to the lowest effect, these factors include the quality of information and content (4.25), learners’ willingness (4.11), system quality (4.10), facilitators (4.05), student-professor interaction (3.98) and professor quality (3.84).
Conclusion: According to the findings of the present study, it can be concluded that policy makers and university administrators, considering the importance of each factor, invest and develop e-learning to provide better services to students and faculty.

Normetanephrine and Glucose Acute Responses to Aerobic Boxing with Kinect Xbox with and without Blood Flow Restriction as a Strategy against Inactivity in Non-Athletes

farshad ghazalian

Background and Aim: Inactivity increases the risk of chronic diseases. The aim of the present study was to investigate the acute changes in Normetanephrine and glucose in boxing with Kinect Xbox with and without blood flow restriction as an alternative to aerobic exercise during quarantine in young non-athletes.
Material and Methods: Fourteen healthy non-athlete individuals with a range of 20 to 40 years of age were randomly and purposefully selected. And on two different days with and without restriction of blood flow, they played boxing with Xbox 360 for 20 minutes. Blood samples were taken before and immediately after
Results: There was a significant increase in serum Normetanephrine playing compared to before the test in both training groups, but the amount of changes between the two groups with and without blood flow restriction was not significant (P≤0.05). Exergames, in the case of unrestricted blood flow, has a significant effect on glucose, but the restriction of blood flow did not lead to a significant difference in the amount of glucose (P≤0.05).
Conclusion: Exergames provide the necessary stimulus for catecholamine secretion and glucose response, and it is recommended for people with limited blood flow. Further studies are needed on the effect of restricting blood flow as a new training method on video game with movement.

Diagnosing Breast Cancer by Machine Learning

Tooraj Karimi

Background and Aim: Cancer and in particular Breast cancer are among the diseases that have the highest mortality rate in Iran after heart disease. The accurate prognosis for Breast cancer is important, and the presence of various symptoms and features of this disease makes it difficult for doctors to diagnose. This study aimed to identify the factors affecting Breast cancer, modeling and ultimately diagnosing the risk of Breast cancer.
Materials and Methods: In the present study, first, by content analysis and library studies, the effective factors in Breast cancer were identified, then with the help of a team of experts consisting of physicians and subspecialists in Breast oncology and Breast surgery; With the help of the Delphi method, the factors were adjusted and 26 final factors that were numerically correct and string based on local and climatic conditions were approved. Then, according to the final factors and based on the medical records of 5208 patients in the Cancer Research Center of Shahid Beheshti University of medical sciences, to diagnose cancer, Decision Tree, Random Forest, and Support Vector Machine methods were used as machine learning methods.
Results: In the first step, by content analysis method, 29 effective factors in Breast cancer were identified. Then, taking into account the indigenous and climatic conditions and using the Delphi method and also using the opinions of 18 Experts during three years, 26 factors were finalized. In the final step, using the medical records of the patients and the results obtained from the three methods mentioned, random forest, had the highest accuracy of 94.75% and precision of 97.26% in diagnosing Breast cancer. It has been noted that, compared to other similar studies, indigenous databases have been exploited, the accuracy obtained has been very close to previous studies, and in many cases much better.
Conclusion: Using the random forest method and taking advantage of the factors affecting Breast cancer, the ability to diagnose cancer has been provided with greatest accuracy.

The Attitude of Library Users at Universities of Medical Sciences towards Augmented Reality Technology

Malihe Dalili Saleh

Background and Aim: University libraries must meet certain criteria to enter fourth-generation libraries, one of which is the use of new technologies. The aim of this study was to identify the attitudes of library users of medical universities towards the components of augmented reality (AR) technology.
Materials and Methods: The research method was survey and type of study was applied. Quantitative research approach and research tool was a researcher-made questionnaire. The internal validity of the questionnaire was assessed through CVI and its reliability was estimated using ICC. Validity of the questionnaire was confirmed using the opinions of 10 experts in information science and AR; its reliability was obtained with Cronbach’s alpha correlation coefficient (0.96). Through the online questionnaire, data from users’ perspectives on the components of familiarity, features, application, advantages, opportunities and limitations were collected in the form of 5 Likert questions. Data analysis with SPSS 26 was used through independent t-test, ANOVA and Tukey to evaluate the status of AR components.
Results: Users’ familiarity with AR was 50.55%. 78.23% of the users agreed with AR in the libraries of medical universities. In general, the mean was 3.91 and the standard deviation was 0.63. The possibility of developing research activities, use of technology to enhance learning, advantage of attractiveness, and opportunity to develop a scientific educational program were mentioned as the most important items among other AR factors. One of the limitations of setting it up in university libraries was the lack of high-speed internet. The general attitude of users towards AR was at the desired level.
Conclusion: Library users at medical universities agreed with the facilities, opportunities and use of AR. The results showed that AR technology is practical and useful from the perspective of users in the libraries of Iranian medical universities. AR with user support, improving user activity, creating attractiveness, attracting audience, content creation according to various library resources, content gamification, knowledge sharing, content resource deprivation, based on the availability of technical facilities, an opportunity to develop Creates libraries of medical universities.

A Survey of Librarians' Perspectives on Marketing Library Services Using Social Media in Tehran, Iran, and Shahid Beheshti Universities of Medical Sciences

Leila Nemati Anaraki

Background and Aim: The present study has examined librarians' views on the marketing of library services using social media as well as the applications, benefits, and challenges of their use in Tehran, Iran, and Shahid Beheshti Universities of Medical Sciences.
Materials and Methods: This research was a descriptive and applied survey and was conducted in 2019. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire based on texts. The validity of the content of the questionnaire was confirmed by 9 professors of librarianship and medical information, and the reliability of the questionnaire was confirmed by an alpha coefficient of 0.95. The study population consisted of 115 librarians working in the mentioned libraries. Descriptive statistics and SPSS software were used to analyze the data.
Results: The results of the present study indicate that the level of librarians’ knowledge about social media tools with an average of 3.49 is at a relatively desirable level and the rate of use in library affairs with an average of 1.81 is undesirable. In addition, Telegram, WhatsApp and blogs are the most frequently used social media tools, respectively. Moreover, challenges examined from librarians’ point of view are examined separately at different levels of factors related to librarians, users, technical factors and organizational factors. Challenges of social media filtering in Iran are those in marketing library services with an average of 3.6 and security issues in using social media with an average of 2.8 with the fewest challenges among organizational factors. From librarians’ point of view, lack of specific rules for using social media in marketing library services with an average of 3.25 is the most and the challenge of legal and financial issues of the library as an affiliated organization with an average of 2.91 is one of the fewest challenges in using social media in marketing library services from the librarians' point of view.
Conclusion: Familiarity and importance of using social media for marketing in libraries was in a relatively favorable position from the librarians' point of view. Low cost of use has been the most important advantage and lack of interest and resistance to use have been the most important challenges of using social networks in library marketing.

Production of Branding Model for Health Services Based on Clients’ Expectations Approach

Ghahraman Mahmoudi Alemi

Background and Aim: One of the reasons that caused healths clients are feeling dissatisfaction with health organizations is expectations that they are creating and not able to meet according to their expectations. Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of production a branding model for health services with the of clients’ expectations approach.
Materials and Methods: This compound study was performed in 2021. The statistical population of this study in qualitative phase included 20 academic and institutional experts using snowball sampling and the Delphi technique. For the quantitative phase, 830 people referred to health centers were selected as service recipients. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by face, content, and structural validity, and its reliability was confirmed by Cronbach’s alpha of 0.96 Quantitative data were presented by EQS software version 6.1 with confirmatory factor analysis and using structural equations.
Results: The results of factor structure in healthcare branding based on six main themes of competitive position, brand equity, brand accessibility, brand consolidation in the minds of clients and the market, branding strategies, and consumer-brand relationship with 19 sub-themes based on the perspective of health services clients (CFI=0/9, TLI=0/9, SRMR=0/049, RMSEA=0/09) had a good fit and the internal consistency of the items had significant levels (P<0/05).
Conclusion: The results of this study show that 19 sub-main themes confirm the six-factor structure of health services branding and were one of the effective themes in branding from the perspective of clients. Since the branding of health services improves the quantity and quality of services provided in the health system, therefore, it is suggested that by creating innovation in the quantity and quality of services provided, access to health services, creating a competitive advantage and empowering employees and improving communication skills, an effective step can be taken in health services branding planning.

Effective dose and thyroid cancer risk in panoramic imaging

Maryam Mohammadi

Background and Aim: On panoramic radiographs, sensitive organs, including the thyroid, are exposed to radiation. Thyroid cancer is one of the most common cancers in Iran. That is why, in this study the effective dose and risk of thyroid cancer were estimated on panoramic radiography.
Materials and Methods: Seventy GR200 thermoluminescence (TLD) dosimeters were used to estimate the absorbed dose of thyroid. The dosimeters were calibrated and placed on the patients’ necks during panoramic radiography. After dosimeters were read, the mean absorbed dose and effective thyroid dose were calculated in three groups with different radiation conditions. Lifetime Attributable Risk (LAR) of thyroid cancer was estimated using the model presented in the BEIR VII report. GraphPad Prism statistical software was used to analyze the data.
Results: The mean absorbed dose of thyroid lobes in groups M, L, XL (According to mandibular size) was estimated to be 0.116±0.01, 0.123±0.04 and 0.03±0.134 mg, respectively. The right thyroid lobe in group XL with absorption dose of 0.143±0.05 mg and the left lobe in group M with absorption dose of 0.106±0.03 mg had the highest and the lowest absorption doses, respectively. The difference between the absorbed doses of the right and left thyroid lobes in any of the three groups was not statistically significant. Thyroid absorption doses in these three groups were not statistically significant. The highest risk of thyroid cancer in the age range of 15-60 years was related to the age of 15, which was estimated to be 0.238 in women and 0.042 in men per 100,000 people.
Conclusion: In lower ages and among women, the risk of thyroid cancer is higher than that of men. Also, due to the impossibility of limiting thyroid radiation in panoramic radiography using lead thyroid collar that causes metal artifacts, we should reduce the number of panoramic radiographs as much as possible, especially at lower ages.

Mapping and Analyzing the Co-Authorship Network of Transgenic Researchers with a Network Analysis Approach

Nahid Einollahi

Background and Aim: Transgenic species are the ones whose genomes are genetically modified. The transgenic field is one of the areas that has a high importance and position in the world. Therefore, the aim of the present research is to draw and analyze the co-authorship network of researchers in transgenic subject area.
Materials and Methods: The type of this research is descriptive and was carried out using scientometric techniques such as co-authorship network and social network analysis indices. In this study, 23,456 articles by transgenic researchers indexed in the Web of Science database during the period 2010-2019 were retrieved. VOSviewer and UCINET software were used to draw the co-authorship map and analyze the network indicators.
Results: The scientific cooperation network of transgenic researchers was studied and analyzed using macro and micro indicators of the social network. The status of macro indicators was not appropriate and the network was poorly cohesive. So that, the network density was 0.027, the clustering coefficient was 0.834, the diameter was 15 and the average distance was 4.155. In terms of micro-indicators, the status of researchers in the network was determined in such a way that David Ayares had the most cooperation with other members and also Nam-Hai Chua played the most important role in communicating with people from different clusters of the network, finally, Yan Zhang had the shortest distance with other members of the network.
Conclusion: Based on the findings, it can be concluded that the co-authorship network of transgenic researchers has low cohesion and information is transmitted among members at a low speed. With respect to this, status of different researchers in this study was determined, the results of this study can be used to guide future collaborations, and encourage universities and scientific institutes to develop their interactions with each other and further strengthen collaborations. It should also be noted that according to the findings of the study in this field, Iranian researchers were not identified as key individuals in this network, which requires research on the status and position of Iranian researchers in the field of transgenics.