Journal of

Background and Aim: Motivation and satisfaction of manpower are the most important variables in the field of organizational behavior and because of the strong relationship between these two variables with the job and organization productivity, it’s necessary to look job characteristics as increasing factor of employee satisfaction and performance in redesigning jobs. The objective of this study was determining motivating potential score (MPS) of the jobs and survey the relation between MPS and job satisfaction in staff employees of educational and research deputy of TUMS (Tehran University of Medical Science).

Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional and descriptive-analytical study. The research context was to staff employee of education and research deputy of TUMS. Sampling frame of the study was simple random sampling. Data collection method was a questionnaire. Reliability of the questionnaire was ascertained with pilot study with and confirm with Cranach's Alpha. T-test and Pearson correlation were the analytical methods.

Results: The results showed the jobs of the study population have skill variety, task identity, task significance and potential motivation but haven't job authority and feedback. The findings showed there was significant relation between motivating potential power and its dimensions with the job satisfaction ( P<0.05 ).

Conclusion : The job characteristic have great impact on the job satisfaction so this model can be used for redesigning the jobs to increase job satisfaction.

 Background and Aim: Defensive medicine is a potential social problem which can bring about consequences for public health regarding the quality of personal care and wastage of limited health resources. In this study, the frequency of positive and negative defensive medicine behaviors was examined among general practitioners of Kerman city.

 Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among general practitioners in the city of Kerman. As data collection instrument, a questionnaire was given to a sample of 100 subjects. The obtained data were entered into SPSS 20 and analyzed using such descriptive statistics as frequency percentage and mean, and applying analytical tests such as chi-square and t-test.

 Results: In this research, 100 general practitioners were studied. The frequency of positive and negative defensive medicine behavior was 99% and 47%, respectively. Besides, the positive defensive medicine behavior in men was more than that in women (100% vs. 97.2%) on the contrary, the negative defensive medicine behavior in women was more than that in men (52.8% vs. 43.8%). Explaining in more detail about taking medicines properly and on time and avoiding the prescription of risky behaviors which might be useful to patients had the highest frequency among positive and negative defensive medicine behaviors, respectively.

 Conclusion : The present study showed that the frequency of defensive medicine was high in the studied population and that the application of factors related to this phenomenon by the participants of the present study was prevalent.

 Background and Aim: In order to better design an electronic health record system in the country, determining standardized data elements for creating an integrated information system is important. In this study, the minimum data set of radiology reporting system is determined.

 Materials and Methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, 13 radiologists, 3 anesthesiologists, 3 general practitioners and 3 insurance experts working in the Imaging Center of Imam Khomeini hospital in Tehran were chosen. The research tool was a questionnaire having 11 parts. Content validity and test-retest method were used to measure the validity and reliability of the questionnaire, respectively. Data analysis was performed using the SPSS software.

 Results: The highest means reported were radiologists' written explanations and suggestions (9.6), image interpretation (9.5), the name of contrast material (9.4), the name of imaging procedure (9.3) type and date of previous measures (9.1), and the final diagnosis (9) and the lowest averages belonged to referring physician's address (4.8), relationship between patients and the primary individual insured (4.3), and religion (2.2).

 Conclusion: In an electronic health record system, due to the importance of radiology reports for the diagnosis and future management of a patient's clinical problems, it is necessary to pay attention to the minimum set of data related to these reports such as administrative, insurance, patient identity, and clinical data, and the results of radiological examinations for exchanging with electronic health record system.

Background and Aim: Online submission and peer review systems are formal channels of communication among authors, journal editorial boards, and reviewers. The review process starts after authors submit their manuscripts. The aim of this study is to examine the online article submission and peer review systems in terms of the capability in medical journals of Iranian Ministry of Health, and Medical Education. Materials and Methods: In this descriptive survey study, 199 approved Iranian medical journals were examined so that the characteristics of online submission and peer review systems could be investigated. To study author role features, a checklist was developed by the researcher. The data were analyzed by SPSS 18 and Microsoft Excel 2007. Results: The online submission and peer review systems considered in this study had most (84%) of the features of the author role. Among the systems reviewed, Kowsar system had the highest number of features. Conclusion: The results show that the studied systems consider some, but not all, of the required features. To meet the maximum required features of the author role, it seems necessary to take all standard research criteria into account

Background and Aim: Requisite to achieve a correct understanding of the meaning and purpose traditions In addition to the general regulations of understanding human speech, the application of certain rules and regulations "Methodology of  understand traditions" can be interpreted. The Principle of methodology of understand those traditions at odds with the theory (philosophical hermeneutics) who believe that the text should not be understood to mean the process of achieving text through the systematic understand. But, the interpreter has always been faced with a prior grasp with text and following the disclosure of the before understanding had about the text.

Materials and Methods: This was a review study that induced by library texts and search engines in order to identify and analysis of the related different references.

Results: Refer readers to specific individuals by the Ahl al-Bayt to achieve the correct meaning and intent and lawful of traditions the best evidence of systematic understanding of the traditions and the traditions of medicine.

Conclusion: Proof the above principle as the basis to understand the traditions must have a hand in self- traditions, both internal and external characteristics including "there are different levels of meaning", "similarity", "manuscripts", "application" and other characteristics have to searched. On the other hand, return to the traditional reasons that to explicitly methodology of understand of these religious texts were approved. Traditions indicating the logic of understanding that is includes traditions such as "supply of mutashabihat on the mhkmat", "supply of traditions on the verses and certain of traditions". The narrative implies the use of Ahl al-Bayt from the principles of common sense is the some of these reasons.

Background and Aim: Safety is an important component in the quality of health care that lack of attention to it leads to harmful results. This study was conducted to estimate the safety management status in selected hospitals affiliated with Tehran University of Medical Sciences. 
Materials and Methods: This analytical-descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in four selected hospitals affiliated to Tehran University of Medical Science in 2012. Data collection was performed through a valid and reliable questionnaire (Safety management) involved 112 questions in 3 parts: organization, safety and event committee’s management, investigation of organization and hospital’s structure and evaluation standards for surgery rooms by safety management views, in 5 options of Likert criteria. SPSS software frequency, mean and standard deviation and Kruskal–Wallis were used for statistical analysis of data’s.
Results: In the evaluation of the hospital organization factor and its structure from safety management approach, each hospital’s organizational structure form safety management view was in a suitable condition (72.50). The result also showed that in respect to evaluation of surgery rooms for safety management, the highest average of calculated score was for hospitals number 1 (90.00) and the lowest was related to hospital number 4 (69.09). 
Conclusion: According to the results, safety in hospital was in an acceptable level. But it seems that continuous monitoring and safety management training courses is essential.

Background and Aim: Today journals are one of the main platforms to exchange information between researchers. This study aimed to assess the status of Approved Latin indexing journals in the field of medical science citation indexes Web of Science and Scopus databases.
Materials and Methods: This study was a cross-sectional descriptive survey. Statistical population of the study was 83 titles Latin journals approved by the Ministry of Health that examined indexing situation of them in Web of science and Scopus databases between the years 2005-2010. Data collection tool was a controlled checklist that was established by consult with experts and specialists in related areas and its reliability was estimated 90 percent. Data were analyzed using the software spss16.
Results: Survey the status of journals showed that slightly less than 26 percent of titles indexed in Web of Science. Also in Scopus Citation Index 69 percent of journals was indexed. Compare criteria for indexing journals in Web of Science and Scopus database show that bibliography information of not indexed journals considered and in some journals (29/30 percent) number of international standards were not mentioned. Also, some journals contact information (postcode publication 9 percent) was not included.
Conclusion: In general, it was observed that despite the enormous growth of scientific journals between examined years, terms of adaption with the criteria of indexing are in unfavorable condition and managers of Latin scientific journals should try to improve their quality and quantity.

Background and Aim: Artificial intelligence is a branch of computer science that has the ability of analyzing complex medical data. Using artificial intelligence is common in diagnosing, treating and taking care of patients. Warfarin is one of the most commonly prescribed oral anticoagulants. Determining the exact dose of warfarin needed for patients is one of the major challenges in the health system, which has attracted the attention of researchers. The purpose of this study was to determine the exact dose of warfarin needed for patients with artificial heart valves using artificial neural networks (ANN).
Materials and Methods: A total of 9 multi-layer perceptron ANNs with different structures were constructed and evaluated based on a dataset including 846 patients who had referred to the PT clinic in Tehran Heart Center in the second half of the year 2013. Finally, the best structure of ANN for warfarin dose was investigated. All simulations including data preprocessing and neural network designing were done in MATLAB environment.
Results: The effectiveness of ANNs was evaluated in terms of classification performance using 10-fold cross-validation procedure and the results showed that the best model was a network that had 7 neurons in its hidden layer with an average absolute error of 0.1, turbulence rate of 0.33, and regression of 0.87. 
Conclusion: The achieved results reveal that ANNs are able to predict warfarin dose in Iranian patients with an artificial heart valve. Although no system can be guaranteed to achieve 100% accuracy, they can be effective in reducing medical errors.