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Saied Ghaffari , Sholeh Zakiani , Zohreh Rezaie ,
Volume 11, Issue 6 (3-2018)
Volume 11, Issue 6 (3-2018)
Abstract
Background and Aim: In each organization, there is a debate about the use of IT. Human development is one of the factors influencing the efficiency and success of any organization. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of information technology on empowerment of staff working in Tehran University of Medical Sciences.
Materials and Methods: This study was descriptive-survey research and applied in terms of purpose. A total of 274 staff members from the Tehran University of Medical Sciences were surveyed by sampling according to the Krejcie-Morgan table from among 950 employees. The tools used in the Ardalan questionnaire were divided into two parts of IT, including 10 questions and a staff empowerment questionnaire containing 23 questions. Data were analyzed by SPSS 13 software, Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and one-sample T-test.
Results: The research findings showed that the use of information technology on five dimensions of job empowerment including competency, improvement of quality of work, increased decision-making power, increasing self-control, and reducing job stress have a significant effect.
Conclusion: The most important task of managers of universities is to improve the ability and job satisfaction of employees, holding in-service training courses in the field of computers and the Internet and encouraging employees to use more computers in their related activities.
Materials and Methods: This study was descriptive-survey research and applied in terms of purpose. A total of 274 staff members from the Tehran University of Medical Sciences were surveyed by sampling according to the Krejcie-Morgan table from among 950 employees. The tools used in the Ardalan questionnaire were divided into two parts of IT, including 10 questions and a staff empowerment questionnaire containing 23 questions. Data were analyzed by SPSS 13 software, Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and one-sample T-test.
Results: The research findings showed that the use of information technology on five dimensions of job empowerment including competency, improvement of quality of work, increased decision-making power, increasing self-control, and reducing job stress have a significant effect.
Conclusion: The most important task of managers of universities is to improve the ability and job satisfaction of employees, holding in-service training courses in the field of computers and the Internet and encouraging employees to use more computers in their related activities.
Arefeh Kalavani, Maryam Kazerani, Maryam Shekofteh,
Volume 12, Issue 1 (5-2018)
Volume 12, Issue 1 (5-2018)
Abstract
Background and Aim: With the development of the Internet and databases and the increasing need to institutionalize evidence-based medicine, physicians' awareness and use of evidence-based medical databases and concepts are considered to be necessary. Therefore, the aim of this study is to evaluate the knowledge and use of evidence-based medical concepts and databases among residents of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (SBMU).
Materials and Methods: The present study is an applied and descriptive research. The population of this study comprised 192 SBMU residents in 2016. A questionnaire was used for data collection and SPSS software was applied for data analysis.
Results: The findings showed that residents obtained 2.99 for knowledge and 2.73 for the use of evidence-based medical databases out of a total average of 5 points, which indicates that their knowledge and practical use of evidence-based medical databases are moderate. Databases about which residents have the highest knowledge and practical use are UpToDate, PubMed Clinical Queries, and
Cochrane, respectively.
Conclusion: The majority of residents at Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences do not have sufficient awareness about databases and concepts of evidence-based medicine; in fact, most of the resources that are used to answer their information needs are non-evidence-based resources. Therefore, planning to accept evidence-based medicine and databases and teach them to residents is essential.
Materials and Methods: The present study is an applied and descriptive research. The population of this study comprised 192 SBMU residents in 2016. A questionnaire was used for data collection and SPSS software was applied for data analysis.
Results: The findings showed that residents obtained 2.99 for knowledge and 2.73 for the use of evidence-based medical databases out of a total average of 5 points, which indicates that their knowledge and practical use of evidence-based medical databases are moderate. Databases about which residents have the highest knowledge and practical use are UpToDate, PubMed Clinical Queries, and
Cochrane, respectively.
Conclusion: The majority of residents at Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences do not have sufficient awareness about databases and concepts of evidence-based medicine; in fact, most of the resources that are used to answer their information needs are non-evidence-based resources. Therefore, planning to accept evidence-based medicine and databases and teach them to residents is essential.
Seyed Javad Ghazi Mirsaeid, Nadia Motamedi, Seyede Malihe Emami,
Volume 12, Issue 2 (7-2018)
Volume 12, Issue 2 (7-2018)
Abstract
Background and Aim: The review of scientific products in reputable international databases is a guideline for policy-making and planning, in addition to determining the present status and shortcomings. The aim of this study is to investigate the scientific products of the research centers affiliated to Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS) and Isfahan University of Medical Sciences (MUI) indexed in Scopus during 2009-2013.
Materials and Methods: This is a descriptive, cross-sectional study with a functional approach. All articles of research centers of TUMS (5880 articles) and MUI (2154 articles) from 2009 to 2013 were retrieved from Scopus and analyzed. To compare the means, t-test was used. Moreover, the data were analyzed by SPSS and Excel softwares.
Results: The scientific products of both universities’ research centers in Scopus index have grown in the years under review. Most of the papers were from Tehran Endocrinology and Metabolism and Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Centers, and most of the products belonged to the subject areas of the endocrinology and metabolism, pharmaceutical sciences and cardiovascular science. No significant difference was found between the scientific products of the centers of the two universities.
Conclusion: The growth of scientific production of these research centers indicates the importance of scientific products in line with sustainable development in Iran. Presenting the findings of similar studies can be effective in motivating researchers and supporting research by institutions.
Materials and Methods: This is a descriptive, cross-sectional study with a functional approach. All articles of research centers of TUMS (5880 articles) and MUI (2154 articles) from 2009 to 2013 were retrieved from Scopus and analyzed. To compare the means, t-test was used. Moreover, the data were analyzed by SPSS and Excel softwares.
Results: The scientific products of both universities’ research centers in Scopus index have grown in the years under review. Most of the papers were from Tehran Endocrinology and Metabolism and Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Centers, and most of the products belonged to the subject areas of the endocrinology and metabolism, pharmaceutical sciences and cardiovascular science. No significant difference was found between the scientific products of the centers of the two universities.
Conclusion: The growth of scientific production of these research centers indicates the importance of scientific products in line with sustainable development in Iran. Presenting the findings of similar studies can be effective in motivating researchers and supporting research by institutions.
Mahdi Hajian Nosrat, Malikeh Beheshtifar,
Volume 12, Issue 4 (11-2018)
Volume 12, Issue 4 (11-2018)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Workplace spirituality is an active process that strengthens people and motivates them to do purposeful activities. According to studies, several factors can promote workplace spirituality. Factors which are studied in this research include job motivation, psychological ownership, mental maturity, and moral behavior. The aim of this research is to prioritize the factors affecting workplace spirituality in Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS) in 2017.
Materials and Methods: This is a correlational descriptive study. The sample included 1230 staff members, of whom 294 were selected using Morgan table. To collect data, 5 questionnaires were used. And for data analysis, structural equation modeling and Amos and SPSS software were applied.
Results: The findings showed that psychological ownership (path coefficient 0.110), mental maturity (path coefficient 0.172), and moral behavior (path coefficient 0.871) had an effect on workplace spirituality, but job motivation (path coefficient - 0.090) had no effect on it. Also, moral behavior, mental maturity, and psychological ownership had the greatest effect on workplace spirituality, respectively; but job motivation had no effect on it.
Conclusion: According to the results of this study, putting moral behavior as the basis, promoting mental maturity, and emphasizing psychological ownership in order of prioritizing effective factors caused workplace spirituality to increase among employees.
Materials and Methods: This is a correlational descriptive study. The sample included 1230 staff members, of whom 294 were selected using Morgan table. To collect data, 5 questionnaires were used. And for data analysis, structural equation modeling and Amos and SPSS software were applied.
Results: The findings showed that psychological ownership (path coefficient 0.110), mental maturity (path coefficient 0.172), and moral behavior (path coefficient 0.871) had an effect on workplace spirituality, but job motivation (path coefficient - 0.090) had no effect on it. Also, moral behavior, mental maturity, and psychological ownership had the greatest effect on workplace spirituality, respectively; but job motivation had no effect on it.
Conclusion: According to the results of this study, putting moral behavior as the basis, promoting mental maturity, and emphasizing psychological ownership in order of prioritizing effective factors caused workplace spirituality to increase among employees.
Hossein Dargahi, Farough Nomani , Kamran Irandoost,
Volume 12, Issue 6 (3-2019)
Volume 12, Issue 6 (3-2019)
Abstract
Background and Aim: In educational systems, the burnout of faculty members and lecturers is a big problem that affects their interaction with students. Therefore, this research aims to determine the rate of burnout syndrome among the lecturers and faculty members in a school in Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS).
Materials and Methods: This study was a descriptive-analytical and cross-sectional research performed by Maslach′s burnout questionnaire among 40 academic members and lecturers selected by census method. The data were analyzed by SPSS software version 20.
Results: The mean age of respondents was 48±18 years. Some (42.5%) of the subjects had 21-30 years of educational work experience. The emotional burnout of the participants was at a high level in this study. However, in the dimension of depersonalization disorder, it was moderate. Meanwhile, their job performance was below moderate. Also, there was a significant correlation between emotional burnout and gender (P=0.043) and between depersonalization disorder and executive work experience (P=0.043).
Conclusion: Due to the remarkable high frequency of job burnout among faculty members and lecturers, holding in-person meetings, the analysis and pathology of causes of burnout, and application of supportive mechanisms are recommended to improve their job performance.
Materials and Methods: This study was a descriptive-analytical and cross-sectional research performed by Maslach′s burnout questionnaire among 40 academic members and lecturers selected by census method. The data were analyzed by SPSS software version 20.
Results: The mean age of respondents was 48±18 years. Some (42.5%) of the subjects had 21-30 years of educational work experience. The emotional burnout of the participants was at a high level in this study. However, in the dimension of depersonalization disorder, it was moderate. Meanwhile, their job performance was below moderate. Also, there was a significant correlation between emotional burnout and gender (P=0.043) and between depersonalization disorder and executive work experience (P=0.043).
Conclusion: Due to the remarkable high frequency of job burnout among faculty members and lecturers, holding in-person meetings, the analysis and pathology of causes of burnout, and application of supportive mechanisms are recommended to improve their job performance.
Saied Ghaffari , Sholeh Zakiani ,
Volume 13, Issue 1 (5-2019)
Volume 13, Issue 1 (5-2019)
Abstract
Background and Aim: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between meta-cognitive beliefs with individual-social adaptability among Iran University of Medical Sciences librarians.
Materials and Methods: The research method was descriptive correlational. The statistical population of this study was 51 librarians of Iran University of Medical Sciences. The research tool was the California Individual and Social Adjustment Questionnaire and meta-cognitive beliefs of Wells and Cartwheel-Hatton. Data were analyzed by inferential and descriptive statistics(Pearson correlation coefficient).Data were analyzed by SPSS.
Results: The results showed that there was a negative correlation between individual adaptability with positive beliefs about worries, uncontrollability and risk, cognitive self-awareness.But with the variable of thought control, the relationship was positive and there was no relation to the cognitive reliability variable.The relationship between social adjustment with irregularity and risk variables, cognitive reliability, positive thoughts control.There was no relationship between social adaptability and positive beliefs about worries. Social adaptability was negatively related to cognitive self-awareness.
Conclusion: Increasing the variable of positive beliefs about worries reduces individual adaptability and undermines social adaptability. Increasing the uncontrollability and risk variable leads to a reduction in individual adaptability and increased social adaptability. Cognitive enhancement of librarians is ineffective in individual adaptation but has a positive impact on social adaptability. Increasing control of thoughts among librarians will increase their individual and social adaptability. Increasing cognitive self-awareness leads to a reduction in the individual and social adaptation of librarians.
Materials and Methods: The research method was descriptive correlational. The statistical population of this study was 51 librarians of Iran University of Medical Sciences. The research tool was the California Individual and Social Adjustment Questionnaire and meta-cognitive beliefs of Wells and Cartwheel-Hatton. Data were analyzed by inferential and descriptive statistics(Pearson correlation coefficient).Data were analyzed by SPSS.
Results: The results showed that there was a negative correlation between individual adaptability with positive beliefs about worries, uncontrollability and risk, cognitive self-awareness.But with the variable of thought control, the relationship was positive and there was no relation to the cognitive reliability variable.The relationship between social adjustment with irregularity and risk variables, cognitive reliability, positive thoughts control.There was no relationship between social adaptability and positive beliefs about worries. Social adaptability was negatively related to cognitive self-awareness.
Conclusion: Increasing the variable of positive beliefs about worries reduces individual adaptability and undermines social adaptability. Increasing the uncontrollability and risk variable leads to a reduction in individual adaptability and increased social adaptability. Cognitive enhancement of librarians is ineffective in individual adaptation but has a positive impact on social adaptability. Increasing control of thoughts among librarians will increase their individual and social adaptability. Increasing cognitive self-awareness leads to a reduction in the individual and social adaptation of librarians.
Mehrdad Azadi, Malikeh Beheshtifar,
Volume 13, Issue 4 (11-2019)
Volume 13, Issue 4 (11-2019)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Job stress is one of the reasons of low motivation and leaving one's job, and its reduction can have positive consequences. According to studies, staff's development and their positive self concept toward workplace can reduce job stress. The aim of this research is to study the effect of human resource development on job stress with regard to the mediator role of self concept in Shiraz University of Medical Sciences(SUMS).
Materials and Methods: This is a correlational descriptive study. The research community included 584 staff members, of whom 234 were selected using Morgan's table in 2018. To collect data, 3 standard questionnaires were used, and their content validity and reliability were confirmed. For data analysis, structural equation modeling and Amos and SPSS softwares were used.
Results: The findings showed that human resource development had a reverse effect on staff job stress(path coefficient -0.778). Moreover, human resource development had a direct effect on job stress(path coefficient 0.843), but staff self concept did not have any effect on job stress(path coefficient 0.166). Since the paths of human resource development-self concept and self concept-job stress were not meaningful, human resource development did not have any effect on job stress by way of the mediator variable of self concept in confidence level 0.95.
Conclusion: According to the results of this study, conducting the staff's continuous development to promote their skills and abilities for declining job stress is emphasized.
Materials and Methods: This is a correlational descriptive study. The research community included 584 staff members, of whom 234 were selected using Morgan's table in 2018. To collect data, 3 standard questionnaires were used, and their content validity and reliability were confirmed. For data analysis, structural equation modeling and Amos and SPSS softwares were used.
Results: The findings showed that human resource development had a reverse effect on staff job stress(path coefficient -0.778). Moreover, human resource development had a direct effect on job stress(path coefficient 0.843), but staff self concept did not have any effect on job stress(path coefficient 0.166). Since the paths of human resource development-self concept and self concept-job stress were not meaningful, human resource development did not have any effect on job stress by way of the mediator variable of self concept in confidence level 0.95.
Conclusion: According to the results of this study, conducting the staff's continuous development to promote their skills and abilities for declining job stress is emphasized.
Ebrahim Hassanzadeh, Edris Hassanpoor, Seyed Sajjad Razavi, Mohammad Reza Sheikhy-Chaman,
Volume 14, Issue 3 (7-2020)
Volume 14, Issue 3 (7-2020)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Human resources are one of the most important assets of any organization and the creation of a safe working environment enhances the quality of services in addition to satisfying this valuable capital. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the safety of diagnostic laboratories of hospitals affiliated to Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS).
Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted in 7 IUMS hospitals in 2019. Data collection was performed using a checklist that was validated after being translated (by qualitative face validity method); Then, the safety status of the studied laboratories was classified into four categories: Excellent, good, average and poor. Finally, data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and SPSS software.
Results: In determining the validity of the checklist using qualitative face validity, experts' opinions were applied as changes in the tool. In the descriptive part of the study and among the safety dimensions of diagnostic laboratories, the highest mean score was related to the dimensions of "communication hazards" and "safety information" and the lowest to the dimension of "fire safety".
Conclusion: According to the results of the study, the overall safety status of the diagnostic laboratories of the hospitals under investigation is at a good level; however, the "fire safety" component as one the most important safety components was considered poor, and necessary steps must be taken to improve it.
Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted in 7 IUMS hospitals in 2019. Data collection was performed using a checklist that was validated after being translated (by qualitative face validity method); Then, the safety status of the studied laboratories was classified into four categories: Excellent, good, average and poor. Finally, data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and SPSS software.
Results: In determining the validity of the checklist using qualitative face validity, experts' opinions were applied as changes in the tool. In the descriptive part of the study and among the safety dimensions of diagnostic laboratories, the highest mean score was related to the dimensions of "communication hazards" and "safety information" and the lowest to the dimension of "fire safety".
Conclusion: According to the results of the study, the overall safety status of the diagnostic laboratories of the hospitals under investigation is at a good level; however, the "fire safety" component as one the most important safety components was considered poor, and necessary steps must be taken to improve it.
Kobra Nakhoda, Mohammad Ali Hosseini, Kamran Mohammadkhani, Nader Gholi Ghorchian,
Volume 14, Issue 4 (10-2020)
Volume 14, Issue 4 (10-2020)
Abstract
Background and Aim: International student satisfaction is a vital element in international universities and one of the promotion methods in the global ranking, and is considered as a competitive factor.
Materials and Methods: The research method is mixed (quantitative-qualitative) of exploratory-confirmatory type. The statistical population includes experts, international department managers and foreign students(1352 people) in three universities of medical sciences in Tehran, Shahid Beheshti and Iran. The sampling method is qualitative, purposeful and the sample size is 21 professors. In a small part of the multi-stage cluster method, 450 international students were selected. The research tool was a semi-structured interview in the qualitative part of the interview and a researcher-made questionnaire in the quantitative part.
Results: According to the research results, the most influential factor in the foreign students' satisfaction model includes virtual services(0.84), loyalty(0.81), university reputation and rank (0.78), admission process(0.75), Research services(0.72), Staff and management services(0.71), International services(0.70), Educational services(0.68), Health services(0.67), Welfare services(0.65), Financial facilities(0.64), university infrastructure(0.63) and cultural services(0.61).
Conclusion: In order to attract financial resources, international competition, improve regional and global ranking, universities should consider and plan the priorities of the proposed satisfaction model to improve the level of satisfaction of foreign students.
Materials and Methods: The research method is mixed (quantitative-qualitative) of exploratory-confirmatory type. The statistical population includes experts, international department managers and foreign students(1352 people) in three universities of medical sciences in Tehran, Shahid Beheshti and Iran. The sampling method is qualitative, purposeful and the sample size is 21 professors. In a small part of the multi-stage cluster method, 450 international students were selected. The research tool was a semi-structured interview in the qualitative part of the interview and a researcher-made questionnaire in the quantitative part.
Results: According to the research results, the most influential factor in the foreign students' satisfaction model includes virtual services(0.84), loyalty(0.81), university reputation and rank (0.78), admission process(0.75), Research services(0.72), Staff and management services(0.71), International services(0.70), Educational services(0.68), Health services(0.67), Welfare services(0.65), Financial facilities(0.64), university infrastructure(0.63) and cultural services(0.61).
Conclusion: In order to attract financial resources, international competition, improve regional and global ranking, universities should consider and plan the priorities of the proposed satisfaction model to improve the level of satisfaction of foreign students.
Amin Reza Nabi Zadeh, Ali Reza Nobari,
Volume 14, Issue 5 (1-2021)
Volume 14, Issue 5 (1-2021)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Business process management is a comprehensive management approach that aims to align all dimensions and activities of the organization in line with customer needs and automates all processes of the organization. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of business process management on the financial performance of Tehran University of Medical Sciences.
Materials and Methods: This research is an applied, descriptive and survey type and was conducted between the financial managers of Tehran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services in 2019. The research sample is 181 managers of 85 hospitals, faculties and research and development centers of the university who were selected from Cochran's formula and targeted sampling method. Data collection was done by questionnaires, in financial performance of Hernaeus et al.(2012) and business process management questionnaire, Yarmohammadian, et al.(2012). The validity of the questionnaires was confirmed by convergent and divergent validity and Cronbach's alpha reliability. In data analysis, 65.2% of male respondents, 55.49% had a master's degree or higher, 40.49% had an age of 40 years and 34.4% had more than 20 years of experience. Structural equation modeling (Smart.PLS software) was used to test the hypotheses.
Results: Correlation of index structures of guidelines and treatment procedures and electronic files with mean variance(AVE) of 0.587 and 0.823 and profitability structures of medical centers, return on investment and value added 0.737, 0.755 and 0.750, Shows sufficient and high correlation. The effect of business process management on university financial performance was confirmed as the main hypothesis with a path coefficient of 0.881 and a significant value of 15.383. Also, the effect of corrections related to guidelines and treatment procedures with financial performance with a coefficient of 0.422 and a significant value of 3.702 and corrections related to electronic records of patients with a coefficient of 0.476 and a value of 4.334.
Conclusion: Business process management system includes tools for modeling and analyzing data, integration programs, monitoring and optimization of activities that are effective in financial performance.
Materials and Methods: This research is an applied, descriptive and survey type and was conducted between the financial managers of Tehran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services in 2019. The research sample is 181 managers of 85 hospitals, faculties and research and development centers of the university who were selected from Cochran's formula and targeted sampling method. Data collection was done by questionnaires, in financial performance of Hernaeus et al.(2012) and business process management questionnaire, Yarmohammadian, et al.(2012). The validity of the questionnaires was confirmed by convergent and divergent validity and Cronbach's alpha reliability. In data analysis, 65.2% of male respondents, 55.49% had a master's degree or higher, 40.49% had an age of 40 years and 34.4% had more than 20 years of experience. Structural equation modeling (Smart.PLS software) was used to test the hypotheses.
Results: Correlation of index structures of guidelines and treatment procedures and electronic files with mean variance(AVE) of 0.587 and 0.823 and profitability structures of medical centers, return on investment and value added 0.737, 0.755 and 0.750, Shows sufficient and high correlation. The effect of business process management on university financial performance was confirmed as the main hypothesis with a path coefficient of 0.881 and a significant value of 15.383. Also, the effect of corrections related to guidelines and treatment procedures with financial performance with a coefficient of 0.422 and a significant value of 3.702 and corrections related to electronic records of patients with a coefficient of 0.476 and a value of 4.334.
Conclusion: Business process management system includes tools for modeling and analyzing data, integration programs, monitoring and optimization of activities that are effective in financial performance.
Faramarz Soheili, Sahar Jasri, Ali Akbar Khaseh, Farshid Danesh,
Volume 15, Issue 1 (3-2021)
Volume 15, Issue 1 (3-2021)
Abstract
Background and Aim: One of the essential methods of evaluating academic libraries’ mobile websites is the usability analysis method; websites’ usability means their ease and simplicity of use. This study aims to evaluate the usability of the mobile website of the libraries of top medical universities in Iran. This study aims to evaluate the usability of mobile websites of the libraries of top Iranian universities of medical sciences.
Materials and Methods: This study was done by the descriptive-survey method. The study’s statistical population includes mobile websites of the libraries of the top 50 universities of medical sciences in Iran, which have gained the highest rank in universities’ webometrics ranking in January 2019. The tool used in this study was a checklist. Data analysis was performed by descriptive and analytical statistical methods and SPSS software.
Results: The data analysis showed that in terms of usability of the mobile websites of university libraries, Kerman, Birjand, and Tehran universities of medical sciences were in the first to third ranks with 89.23%, 84.62%, and 81.54%, respectively. Neishabour, Gonabad, and Semnan universities of medical sciences were the last ranks with 40%, 43.08%, and 44.62%., respectively. The evaluation of the research components showed that “system visibility status,” “assisting the user in identifying, detecting and compensating for errors,” and “guidance and documentation” were in the best situation, and components of “error prevention,” “flexibility and system efficiency,” and “User control and freedom” were in their worst condition.
Conclusion: Given the increasing influence and popularity of smart cell phones in the professional life of academics, it is necessary for administrators and designers of mobile websites of academic libraries to consider the applicability and effectiveness of mobile websites of the research community, taking into account the practical findings of the present study.
Materials and Methods: This study was done by the descriptive-survey method. The study’s statistical population includes mobile websites of the libraries of the top 50 universities of medical sciences in Iran, which have gained the highest rank in universities’ webometrics ranking in January 2019. The tool used in this study was a checklist. Data analysis was performed by descriptive and analytical statistical methods and SPSS software.
Results: The data analysis showed that in terms of usability of the mobile websites of university libraries, Kerman, Birjand, and Tehran universities of medical sciences were in the first to third ranks with 89.23%, 84.62%, and 81.54%, respectively. Neishabour, Gonabad, and Semnan universities of medical sciences were the last ranks with 40%, 43.08%, and 44.62%., respectively. The evaluation of the research components showed that “system visibility status,” “assisting the user in identifying, detecting and compensating for errors,” and “guidance and documentation” were in the best situation, and components of “error prevention,” “flexibility and system efficiency,” and “User control and freedom” were in their worst condition.
Conclusion: Given the increasing influence and popularity of smart cell phones in the professional life of academics, it is necessary for administrators and designers of mobile websites of academic libraries to consider the applicability and effectiveness of mobile websites of the research community, taking into account the practical findings of the present study.
Hossein Dargahi, Farugh Nomani, Mohammad Rahim Ghohestani,
Volume 15, Issue 2 (5-2021)
Volume 15, Issue 2 (5-2021)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Managers’ sufficient awareness about rules and regulations and the legal issues of health system may lead to their optimal performance in organizations. Therefore, this study is conducted to determine senior managers’ level of knowledge about legal rules and regulations related to the health system in Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS).
Materials and Methods: The present descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study was conducted in 2017. The sample consisted of 75 senior managers. The research tool was a researcher-made questionnaire whose face validity was confirmed using the opinions of 7 specialists and experts in the field of medical law, health care and medical services management; besides, regarding its reliability, Cronbach's alpha and test-retest reliability coefficients were 0.89 and 0.79, respectively. With SPSS software, data analysis was performed using descriptive statistics including absolute and relative frequency and inferential statistics including Pearson and Ka-square correlation tests.
Results: The level of knowledge of the studied managers was below average in most legal areas and legal standards related to the health system. There was a significant inverse relationship between the level of knowledge of organizational, financial and transactional areas, and administrative and employment of managers with passing relevant training courses (P=0.01 and P=0.04).
Conclusion: TUMS senior managers' level of knowledge in the three areas of organizational, financial, and rules and regulations is at medium and lower than medium levels. To raise the awareness of managers, necessary arrangements such as holding training courses with new methods such as simulation, screenwriting, case study and experimentation and using new technologies such as hybrid knowledge management and technology integration are suggested. Also, creating managers' strategic competency system at the levels of general and specific skills, along with continuous training and monitoring the accountability and feedback provided in management processes, will ensure future reforms.
Materials and Methods: The present descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study was conducted in 2017. The sample consisted of 75 senior managers. The research tool was a researcher-made questionnaire whose face validity was confirmed using the opinions of 7 specialists and experts in the field of medical law, health care and medical services management; besides, regarding its reliability, Cronbach's alpha and test-retest reliability coefficients were 0.89 and 0.79, respectively. With SPSS software, data analysis was performed using descriptive statistics including absolute and relative frequency and inferential statistics including Pearson and Ka-square correlation tests.
Results: The level of knowledge of the studied managers was below average in most legal areas and legal standards related to the health system. There was a significant inverse relationship between the level of knowledge of organizational, financial and transactional areas, and administrative and employment of managers with passing relevant training courses (P=0.01 and P=0.04).
Conclusion: TUMS senior managers' level of knowledge in the three areas of organizational, financial, and rules and regulations is at medium and lower than medium levels. To raise the awareness of managers, necessary arrangements such as holding training courses with new methods such as simulation, screenwriting, case study and experimentation and using new technologies such as hybrid knowledge management and technology integration are suggested. Also, creating managers' strategic competency system at the levels of general and specific skills, along with continuous training and monitoring the accountability and feedback provided in management processes, will ensure future reforms.
Simin Momenzadeh, Atefeh Zarei, Phd Seyed Ali Akbar Famil Rouhany, Leila Dehghani,
Volume 15, Issue 2 (5-2021)
Volume 15, Issue 2 (5-2021)
Abstract
Background and Aim: This study aimed to propose a consistent architecture to design integrated and flexible information systems for the Vice-Chancellor for Research and Technology of Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences (AJUMS).
Materials and Methods: This applied research employed an integrated design based on business system planning (BSP) and James Martin's model for the design of information systems. The statistical population of this study included 27 managers and experts of AJUMS Vice-Chancellorship department for Research and Technology. Data collection was carried out using structured interview, observation, and document analysis. A contrast matrix was then used for data analysis.
Results: In total, 53 processes and 60 data classes were identified. Using a multi-layered architectural model (presentation, process, data and infrastructure), the results were presented in the form of a proposed architecture. In the proposed architecture, 12 subsystems and the relationships among them were identified; such subsystems as library, research activities, sabbatical leave, conference, fellowship, publication, innovation and technology, laboratory information, theses, budget and planning, social subsystem and knowledge-management networks. The results also showed that the level of coverage of the processes, data classes, and objectives by existing information systems were 53%, 50%, and 55%, respectively, and increased to full coverage in proposed or optimal modes.
Conclusion: By identifying the required information systems, it is possible to accurately plan and successfully use these systems in this study. The results of the present study can be used to implement the architecture of information systems of Research and Technology Departments of other universities of medical sciences (UMSs) in Iran, which can have a significant effect on saving cost and time.
Materials and Methods: This applied research employed an integrated design based on business system planning (BSP) and James Martin's model for the design of information systems. The statistical population of this study included 27 managers and experts of AJUMS Vice-Chancellorship department for Research and Technology. Data collection was carried out using structured interview, observation, and document analysis. A contrast matrix was then used for data analysis.
Results: In total, 53 processes and 60 data classes were identified. Using a multi-layered architectural model (presentation, process, data and infrastructure), the results were presented in the form of a proposed architecture. In the proposed architecture, 12 subsystems and the relationships among them were identified; such subsystems as library, research activities, sabbatical leave, conference, fellowship, publication, innovation and technology, laboratory information, theses, budget and planning, social subsystem and knowledge-management networks. The results also showed that the level of coverage of the processes, data classes, and objectives by existing information systems were 53%, 50%, and 55%, respectively, and increased to full coverage in proposed or optimal modes.
Conclusion: By identifying the required information systems, it is possible to accurately plan and successfully use these systems in this study. The results of the present study can be used to implement the architecture of information systems of Research and Technology Departments of other universities of medical sciences (UMSs) in Iran, which can have a significant effect on saving cost and time.
Arman Bahari, Behnoosh Moody,
Volume 15, Issue 4 (10-2021)
Volume 15, Issue 4 (10-2021)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Increasing the use of smartphones, improving the state of World Wide Web, and also the need for flexibility in the education process have made the implementation of e-learning in human society inevitable, eliminated time and space limitations, and provided equal education. However, the pace of its creation and development, especially in universities and higher education centers in developing countries such as Iran, is very slow. Therefore, the present study aims to investigate the factors affecting the creation and development of e-learning from the viewpoint of students of Zahedan University of Medical Sciences.
Materials and Methods: This is an applied and descriptive-survey study. The sample includes 313 students studying at Zahedan University of Medical Sciences during 2016-2017, who were selected by simple random sampling. Data were collected using a researcher-made questionnaire and analyzed using statistical tests and SPSS software.
Results: The findings show that the six selected factors of this study affect the creation and development of e-learning from the viewpoint of Zahedan University of Medical Sciences students. From the highest to the lowest effect, these factors include the quality of information and content (4.25), learners’ willingness (4.11), system quality (4.10), facilitators (4.05), student-professor interaction (3.98) and professor quality (3.84).
Conclusion: According to the findings of the present study, it can be concluded that policy makers and university administrators, considering the importance of each factor, invest and develop e-learning to provide better services to students and faculty.
Materials and Methods: This is an applied and descriptive-survey study. The sample includes 313 students studying at Zahedan University of Medical Sciences during 2016-2017, who were selected by simple random sampling. Data were collected using a researcher-made questionnaire and analyzed using statistical tests and SPSS software.
Results: The findings show that the six selected factors of this study affect the creation and development of e-learning from the viewpoint of Zahedan University of Medical Sciences students. From the highest to the lowest effect, these factors include the quality of information and content (4.25), learners’ willingness (4.11), system quality (4.10), facilitators (4.05), student-professor interaction (3.98) and professor quality (3.84).
Conclusion: According to the findings of the present study, it can be concluded that policy makers and university administrators, considering the importance of each factor, invest and develop e-learning to provide better services to students and faculty.
Seyed Amir Reza Nejat, Mahmoud Bigler, Seyedeh Bahareh Kashian,
Volume 16, Issue 1 (3-2022)
Volume 16, Issue 1 (3-2022)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Intellectual capital, with its basic knowledge nature, is an intangible, strategic, unique and competitive advantage resource. The purpose of this study is to investigate the current state of intellectual capital maturity in the field of management and planning of Tehran university of medical sciences.
Materials and Methods: This research was applied in terms of purpose and with a quantitative approach in 1400 and a questionnaire was used to collect information. The statistical population is the middle and basic managers of the Vice Chancellor for Resource Management Development and Planning. Using Morgan table, 57 people were randomly selected and analyzed by t-test and non-parametric statistical tests using SPSS software. Has been. The content validity of the questionnaire was obtained by examining the research background and obtaining the opinions of experts, and the Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was used to assess the reliability, the value of which was 0.874.
Results: Statistical tests show that the five levels of intellectual capital management maturity follow a nonlinear pattern and the level of realization of the initial level characteristics, ie lack of intellectual capital structure, is higher than acceptable, but the statistical test of other levels of maturity Included; Managed, defined, quantified and optimal management is not significant at the significance level of 0.05.
Conclusion: The current situation of intellectual capital in the study population indicates that management is unaware of the importance of intellectual capital and no action has been taken to implement the knowledge capital management process. Although there is a lot of necessary infrastructure in the Vice Chancellor, however, insufficient understanding of the capabilities of intellectual capital management as a strategic resource is evident in this research. To reach the defined level and the next levels, the organization needs to identify, activate and direct the intangible source and then quantify, standardize and manage quantitatively and analyze the strengths and weaknesses and finally the continuous improvement of processes and Focus on innovation.
Materials and Methods: This research was applied in terms of purpose and with a quantitative approach in 1400 and a questionnaire was used to collect information. The statistical population is the middle and basic managers of the Vice Chancellor for Resource Management Development and Planning. Using Morgan table, 57 people were randomly selected and analyzed by t-test and non-parametric statistical tests using SPSS software. Has been. The content validity of the questionnaire was obtained by examining the research background and obtaining the opinions of experts, and the Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was used to assess the reliability, the value of which was 0.874.
Results: Statistical tests show that the five levels of intellectual capital management maturity follow a nonlinear pattern and the level of realization of the initial level characteristics, ie lack of intellectual capital structure, is higher than acceptable, but the statistical test of other levels of maturity Included; Managed, defined, quantified and optimal management is not significant at the significance level of 0.05.
Conclusion: The current situation of intellectual capital in the study population indicates that management is unaware of the importance of intellectual capital and no action has been taken to implement the knowledge capital management process. Although there is a lot of necessary infrastructure in the Vice Chancellor, however, insufficient understanding of the capabilities of intellectual capital management as a strategic resource is evident in this research. To reach the defined level and the next levels, the organization needs to identify, activate and direct the intangible source and then quantify, standardize and manage quantitatively and analyze the strengths and weaknesses and finally the continuous improvement of processes and Focus on innovation.
Zahra Otroj, Firoozeh Zare-Farashbandi, Fatemeh Rastegari,
Volume 16, Issue 2 (5-2022)
Volume 16, Issue 2 (5-2022)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Health information seeking behavior can be influenced by several factors and variables such as personality traits, beliefs, values, tendencies, contextual factors and personal emotions. Health information has a direct relationship with the quality of life of people in society, it can be influential in decisions related to personal and social health and improve people’s performance in this field. This study aimed to determine the relationship between personality types of graduate students of Isfahan University of medical Sciences (IUMS) and their health information seeking behavior based on the Miller model.
Materials and Methods: This was an applied survey study. The study population was all graduate students of IUMS. The sample size was determined using the Morgan table of 297 people. Data collection tools are Neo Five Personality Factor Questionnaire and Miller Information Behavior Questionnaire. Data were analyzed by SPSS software.
Results: The results showed that there is an inverse relationship between personality type “Psychotic” and the component of “active search for health information”. Also there is a direct relationship between persons who are “Eager for new experiences” and “conscientiousness” with the component of “active search for health information”. But there is no significant relationship between personality types “extroversion” and “agreeability” with the components of health informing behavior. The studied students are not responsible and conscientious in terms of personality type, they often prefer solitude and are introverted and conservative. But more than half of them are balanced in the dimension of “agreeability”.
Conclusion: This study showed that people who are eager for new experiences and conscientious, search health information actively, but Psychotic persons are not willing to be active in seeking health information This means that the more responsible and conscientious people are, or the more eager they are for new experiences, the more actively they search for health information. Therefore, it is better for health policy makers to plan in such a way that the necessary health information is provided to them interactively based on the personality of the people.
Materials and Methods: This was an applied survey study. The study population was all graduate students of IUMS. The sample size was determined using the Morgan table of 297 people. Data collection tools are Neo Five Personality Factor Questionnaire and Miller Information Behavior Questionnaire. Data were analyzed by SPSS software.
Results: The results showed that there is an inverse relationship between personality type “Psychotic” and the component of “active search for health information”. Also there is a direct relationship between persons who are “Eager for new experiences” and “conscientiousness” with the component of “active search for health information”. But there is no significant relationship between personality types “extroversion” and “agreeability” with the components of health informing behavior. The studied students are not responsible and conscientious in terms of personality type, they often prefer solitude and are introverted and conservative. But more than half of them are balanced in the dimension of “agreeability”.
Conclusion: This study showed that people who are eager for new experiences and conscientious, search health information actively, but Psychotic persons are not willing to be active in seeking health information This means that the more responsible and conscientious people are, or the more eager they are for new experiences, the more actively they search for health information. Therefore, it is better for health policy makers to plan in such a way that the necessary health information is provided to them interactively based on the personality of the people.
Fatemeh Mohabati, Maryam Tajvar, Bahram Mohaghegh, Seyedpouria Hedayati, Mohammad Arab,
Volume 16, Issue 4 (10-2022)
Volume 16, Issue 4 (10-2022)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Reforming the structure of medical universities and its continuous adaptation to the mission of the organization and new functions is an undeniable necessity. The purpose of this article was to explain how to implement this policy.
Materials and Methods: The current qualitative study was conducted in 2020 retrospectively based on Kingdon’s multiple streams model. Data collection was done using two methods: individual interviews and document review. Sampling of the managers and experts of the administrative development and transformation centers of the Ministry of Health and 12 universities of Medical Sciences as well as vice-chancellors of the universities was done in a purposeful and snowball method until data saturation was reached by conducting 19 individual interviews. Data analysis were done with framework and content analysis methods, and using MAXQDA 2020 software.
Results: The low of structural problems included quantitative and qualitative changes in new tasks in the environmental units of universities, interference and parallel work in the tasks of university units, and bargainings for restructuring by universities. The policy low included the obligation to make structural changes in the upstream laws and documents, including the Fifth Development Plan, and the cooperation of all stakeholders. The political process included the implementation of the Health Transformation and the Family Physician Plan, and the support of relevant policymakers and the approval of the law of becoming a university trustee in the law of the fifth plan of economic development and also gaining the all-round support of the stakeholders.
Conclusion: The medical sciences universities, as the headquarters arm of the Ministry of Health at the provincial level, need to have flexible structure in line with the needs of their surrounding units. In luential context factors in policy-making the reform of the structure of the headquarters of universities/colleges, in addition to the stream of structural problems, the main of which was the change in the duties of the units, along with the political determination created in the Ministry of Health, led to the simultaneous occurrence of three streams of problems, Politics and politics and finally opening the window of opportunity and changing the structure and organization of the headquarters of medical sciences universities.
Materials and Methods: The current qualitative study was conducted in 2020 retrospectively based on Kingdon’s multiple streams model. Data collection was done using two methods: individual interviews and document review. Sampling of the managers and experts of the administrative development and transformation centers of the Ministry of Health and 12 universities of Medical Sciences as well as vice-chancellors of the universities was done in a purposeful and snowball method until data saturation was reached by conducting 19 individual interviews. Data analysis were done with framework and content analysis methods, and using MAXQDA 2020 software.
Results: The low of structural problems included quantitative and qualitative changes in new tasks in the environmental units of universities, interference and parallel work in the tasks of university units, and bargainings for restructuring by universities. The policy low included the obligation to make structural changes in the upstream laws and documents, including the Fifth Development Plan, and the cooperation of all stakeholders. The political process included the implementation of the Health Transformation and the Family Physician Plan, and the support of relevant policymakers and the approval of the law of becoming a university trustee in the law of the fifth plan of economic development and also gaining the all-round support of the stakeholders.
Conclusion: The medical sciences universities, as the headquarters arm of the Ministry of Health at the provincial level, need to have flexible structure in line with the needs of their surrounding units. In luential context factors in policy-making the reform of the structure of the headquarters of universities/colleges, in addition to the stream of structural problems, the main of which was the change in the duties of the units, along with the political determination created in the Ministry of Health, led to the simultaneous occurrence of three streams of problems, Politics and politics and finally opening the window of opportunity and changing the structure and organization of the headquarters of medical sciences universities.
Ashraf Dehghani, Maryam Ghanbari Khoshnood, Somayeh Amini Sarteshnizi, Arezoo Farhadi,
Volume 17, Issue 1 (3-2023)
Volume 17, Issue 1 (3-2023)
Abstract
Background and Aim: The emergence and continuity of Corona has forced universities and higher education centers to change their educational strategy to take appropriate and consistent action to improve their educational programs. Due to the importance of e-learning and e-learning in response to these conditions, the present study investigated the experience of students of Hamadan University of Medical Sciences from e-learning in the Covid-19 crisis condition.
Materials and Methods: This was a qualitative research with an interpretive phenomenological approach. The purposeful sampling method was used. Semi-structured interviews were used to collect data. After the thirteenth interview, the theoretical saturation of the data was achieved and the interview process with the sixteenth person was completed. In order to analyze the text of the interviews, the Colaizzi method was used.
Results: From the analysis of the obtained data, three main themes: “Communication and interaction” with five sub-themes (lack of proper interaction between student/professor and student/student, lack of motivation, security and mental health, knowledge sharing and efficiency atmosphere in time and cost), “Management of time and learning style” with six sub-themes (low quality of teaching, stress, access and provision of resources, exam health, gaining experience and skills and opportunity to learn again and innovation in education) and “Infrastructure and technical facilities” were extracted with three sub-themes (weak support, ignoring educational equality and promoting media literacy). Weak interaction between professor and student, increasing level of anxiety and individual responsibility to achieve success in learning and weak technical and management infrastructure were the main challenges obtained from these three themes. Providing a platform for research, self-regulation and self-management in learning, increasing the knowledge and skills of information and communication technology are among the opportunities that are included in these themes.
Conclusion: The results of the current research require attention to the approach of interaction and communication between the learner and the learner, to review the methods of teaching and skill-learning, to improve the quality of electronic learning and to prepare suitable infrastructures for optimal use of electronic learning.
Materials and Methods: This was a qualitative research with an interpretive phenomenological approach. The purposeful sampling method was used. Semi-structured interviews were used to collect data. After the thirteenth interview, the theoretical saturation of the data was achieved and the interview process with the sixteenth person was completed. In order to analyze the text of the interviews, the Colaizzi method was used.
Results: From the analysis of the obtained data, three main themes: “Communication and interaction” with five sub-themes (lack of proper interaction between student/professor and student/student, lack of motivation, security and mental health, knowledge sharing and efficiency atmosphere in time and cost), “Management of time and learning style” with six sub-themes (low quality of teaching, stress, access and provision of resources, exam health, gaining experience and skills and opportunity to learn again and innovation in education) and “Infrastructure and technical facilities” were extracted with three sub-themes (weak support, ignoring educational equality and promoting media literacy). Weak interaction between professor and student, increasing level of anxiety and individual responsibility to achieve success in learning and weak technical and management infrastructure were the main challenges obtained from these three themes. Providing a platform for research, self-regulation and self-management in learning, increasing the knowledge and skills of information and communication technology are among the opportunities that are included in these themes.
Conclusion: The results of the current research require attention to the approach of interaction and communication between the learner and the learner, to review the methods of teaching and skill-learning, to improve the quality of electronic learning and to prepare suitable infrastructures for optimal use of electronic learning.
- Zeinab Hashemzadeh, Farhad Habibi, Hossein Dargahi, Mohammad Arab,
Volume 17, Issue 1 (3-2023)
Volume 17, Issue 1 (3-2023)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Home care is an alternative method of hospitalization, especially for chronic patients and is an innovative approach to improve care and reduce the costs of hospital readmissions. The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the benefits and challenges of implementing the home care plan after being discharged from the hospital considering the perspective of health service recipients and providers at Tehran University of Medical Sciences in 2021.
Material and Methods: The present study is an applied research that was conducted qualitatively using structured and semi-structured interviews. The research sample was those responsible for the implementation of this project at the ministry and university level, the implementers of this project in 4 hospitals, 5 institutions providing home care services, and family of patients. Twenty-eight people from the research community were included in the study using the purposeful and snowball sampling method. Content analysis method was used to analyze the interview data. MAXQDA2020 software was used for data classification.
Results: The results were classified into two categories: benefits and challenges of the home care plan after discharge. A total of 61 open codes were extracted from the analysis of research interviews, so that 27 codes led to the identification of 5 themes (Including improving service delivery, reducing costs, achieving health goals, cultural and social benefits, providing the necessary infrastructure) in the benefits and 34 codes led to the identification of 7 themes (including policy-making, legal and ethical, economic, manpower, cultural-social-communication, service provision limitations and time and place limitations) in the challenges.
Conclusion: The result of this research showed that home care services after being discharged from the hospital play an important role in completing the provision of healthcare services. Home care services after being discharged from the hospital improves service delivery, reduces costs, and helps in achieving health goals. It also benefits patients, society and the government in various cultural and social fields. On the other hand, it seems that there are challenges in the political, legal, economic and cultural fields in the way of the optimal implementation of this plan. Therefore, planning to evaluate and solve the problems facing these services is essential.
Material and Methods: The present study is an applied research that was conducted qualitatively using structured and semi-structured interviews. The research sample was those responsible for the implementation of this project at the ministry and university level, the implementers of this project in 4 hospitals, 5 institutions providing home care services, and family of patients. Twenty-eight people from the research community were included in the study using the purposeful and snowball sampling method. Content analysis method was used to analyze the interview data. MAXQDA2020 software was used for data classification.
Results: The results were classified into two categories: benefits and challenges of the home care plan after discharge. A total of 61 open codes were extracted from the analysis of research interviews, so that 27 codes led to the identification of 5 themes (Including improving service delivery, reducing costs, achieving health goals, cultural and social benefits, providing the necessary infrastructure) in the benefits and 34 codes led to the identification of 7 themes (including policy-making, legal and ethical, economic, manpower, cultural-social-communication, service provision limitations and time and place limitations) in the challenges.
Conclusion: The result of this research showed that home care services after being discharged from the hospital play an important role in completing the provision of healthcare services. Home care services after being discharged from the hospital improves service delivery, reduces costs, and helps in achieving health goals. It also benefits patients, society and the government in various cultural and social fields. On the other hand, it seems that there are challenges in the political, legal, economic and cultural fields in the way of the optimal implementation of this plan. Therefore, planning to evaluate and solve the problems facing these services is essential.
Mashallah Torabi, Sara Naeimi, Elnaz Vahedi, Hamideh Hamidi,
Volume 17, Issue 6 (2-2024)
Volume 17, Issue 6 (2-2024)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Educating the audience is one of the things that can affect their mental perception of the usefulness and ease of utilizing technology. Due to the lack of knowledge about the unique features and ease of use of Tehran University of Medical Sciences website, some audiences prefer to use the old website and do not accept the changes on the university website well. This research was conducted with the aim of comparing the two methods of face-to-face training and clip training in accepting information technology changes on the university website and evaluating the audience’s awareness of branding features on the web.
Materials and Methods: There were 90 people who participated in this study, 45 of whom received face-to-face training and 45 of them received training about site changes through video clips. Research data collection was done based on Davis questionnaire and data analysis was done using SPSS and Padprism graph software. To compare a quantitative variable in more than two groups, one-way analysis of variance test or Kruskal-Wallis test and also, and also, one-way ANCOVA test were used to check the difference between groups before and after training.
Results: In face-to-face training, variables such as awareness, usefulness and perceived ease of use, as well as attitude and performance regarding the use of information technology before and after face-to-face training or clip did not have significant differences.
Conclusion: Examining the effectiveness of the teaching methods in this project will help the public relations of the university to act quickly for the changes that will occur in the field of web branding in the future, in terms of preparing and accompanying the audience.
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