Journal of School of Public Health and Institute of Public Health Research

Effectiveness of Eight Weeks Physical Exercises on the Cognitive Performance and Instrumental Activity of Daily Living of Frail Older Women

ABSTRACT
Background and Aim: The corona epidemic and home quarantine have affected the participation in physical activities of the elderly however the elderly, especially the frail older adult with obesity, have to do regular exercise to maintain or improve their health.the aim of this research effectiveness of Physical Exercises on the Cognitive Performance and Instrumental Activity of Daily Living of Frail older adult.
Materials and Methods: The statistical population in this semi-experimental research was the elderly women of Shiraz. 80 women participated in the research according to the goal-based method and according to the entry criteria, and were randomly divided into two groups of 40 people, test and control. The test group received and performed their exercise program during 8 weeks in 3 sessions (one hour) via WhatsApp. Before the intervention and one month after the last intervention session, the two groups of participants completed demographic questionnaires, Tilburg vulnerability index, short cognitive status test and Lawton index. To analyze the data, independent team and paired t-tests were used in SPSS version 27 software.
Results: The results showed that performing movement exercises on the Frailty (Cohen’s d =1/39) (p<0/001), Cognitive status (Cohen’s d =1/41) (p=0/04) and doing instrumental life activities independently (Cohen’s d =0/40) (p=0/007) It had a positive effect on Frail Older Women.
Conclusion: The findings of this research support the dominant effect of the exercise protocol implemented in this research on the mentioned variables; Therefore, it is recommended to use these exercises during periods such as corona quarantine at home.

A Review of Medical Nutrition Therapy in Dialysis Patients and Prevention of Malnutrition

Mina Hajimohammadi

Background and Aim: Assessing dietary intake and nutritional status of dialysis patients can be challenging. Accurate and regular assessment of patients ensures adequate macronutrient and micronutrient intake, thereby reducing morbidity and mortality and improving patients' quality of life.
Materials and Methods: A scientific search was conducted in scientific databases and search engines such as PubMed, Google scholar, Science Direct, and Scopus with the keywords dialysis, peritoneal dialysis, end-stage renal disease, renal failure, chronic kidney disease, nutritional needs, and nutritional assessment in English to find studies published between 2014 and 2024. A total of 18 articles were found and reviewed based on the inclusion criteria.
Results: The goals of medical nutrition therapy for the management of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) include the following: preventing nutritional deficiency and maintaining appropriate nutritional status (in children, growth support) through adequate intake of protein, energy, vitamins, and minerals; controlling edema and electrolyte imbalance by controlling sodium, potassium, and fluid intake; preventing or delaying the progression of renal osteodystrophy by controlling calcium, phosphorus, vitamin D, and parathyroid hormone; enabling the patient to consume a balanced diet that is appropriate to the patient's lifestyle to the extent possible; coordinating patient care with family, dietitians, nurses, and physicians; providing initial nutrition education, periodic counseling, and long-term monitoring of patients with the aim of receiving adequate education to be able to control their diet.
Conclusion: Dialysis is a treatment for the survival of patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD), and nutritional care is an integral part of the patient's treatment process.

The Relationship Between Perceived Social Support and Marital Satisfaction and the Intention to Have Children Among Married Women of Reproductive Age in Shiraz City

Background and Aim: Considering the decrease in fertility in Iran, which has reached below replacement levels, policymakers seek to increase the fertility rate through incentive policies. Therefore, research on economic and social factors affecting fertility and the intention to have children can help formulate more appropriate demographic policies.
Materials and Methods: In this quantitative study, the survey technique was employed, utilizing a standard questionnaire for data collection. The statistical population comprised married women aged 15 to 49 residing in Shiraz. A total of 384 women were surveyed in 2023, and data analysis was conducted using SPSS 27 software
Results: The findings indicated that, among the contextual variables, the duration of marriage, income, class belonging, housing status, and employment status had a significant effect on the probability of women's fertility intention (p< 0.05). Additionally, perceived social support and marital satisfaction significantly increased the probability of women's fertility intention (p<0.05)
Conclusion: As the structure of families has shifted from extended to nuclear, it is possible that women may not receive as much informal social support from their neighbors as in the past. Therefore, official government support can fill this void. Additionally, identifying couples experiencing marital conflicts and attempting to strengthen marital satisfaction while resolving conflicts through counseling programs can have a positive impact on fertility levels

The Prediction of Emotional Divorce and Marital Satisfaction Through Attachment Styles in Couples Referring to Health Center in Bandar Abbas City

Background and Aim: Different attachment styles cause fundamental differences in the mental representations of romantic love in adults. The present study aimed to investigate the prediction of emotional divorce and marital satisfaction through attachment styles in couples referring to health centers.
Materials and Methods: The present study is a descriptive study. The statistical population was women and men referring to health centers and health bases in Bandar Abbas. Using the available sampling method, 150 people were selected as samples. The research tools in this study were Hazen and Shaver attachment style scales, Phil emotional divorce, and Enrich marital satisfaction. Data analysis was performed using Pearson correlation and multiple regression with SPSS 23 software.
Results: The results showed that there is a significant correlation between attachment styles and marital satisfaction. There is a significant relationship between secure attachment style and emotional divorce (p < 0.01). However, there was no relationship between insecure attachment style (anxious and ambivalent) and emotional divorce. Stepwise and simultaneous multiple regression analysis to predict marital satisfaction and emotional divorce through attachment styles showed that attachment styles have a significant contribution in predicting marital satisfaction and emotional divorce. Among attachment styles, secure attachment style had a higher power in predicting marital satisfaction (p < 0.01).
Conclusion: As a result, it seems that secure attachment style can be one of the protective factors for the occurrence of symptoms of marital dissatisfaction and emotional divorce.

The Causal Modeling of Suicidal Psychopathology Based on Spiritual Health and Ego Strength; A Study with a Preventive View by Self-Injurious

Reza Pourhosein

Background and Aim: The suicide is one of the threatening topics for the health general of society, and spiritual health and ego strength strength are among the factors that can be effective in reducing it. Therefore, this study aimed to the causal modeling of suicidal psychopathology based on spiritual health and ego strength.
Materials and Methods: The present study was descriptive-correlation. The statistical population included all individuals with a history of suicide registered in the site of the Payesh Center in Shiraz University of Medical Sciences (SUMS) in the first half of year 2022. Among them, 210 people were selected by purposive sampling and they answered the Inventory of Motivations for Suicide Attempts (May & Klonsky, 2013), Spiritual Wellbeing Scale (Paloutzian & Ellison, 1982), and Psychosocial Inventory of Ego Strength (Markstrom, 1997). Data were analyzed using path analysis of structural equation in SPSS₂₃ and Amos₂₄ softwares.
Results: The findings showed that direct effect spiritual health (negatively) on suicidal psychopathology is significant (p <0.05). Also, the results of the mediating role of ego strength showed that ego strength have a significant mediating role between spiritual health and suicidal psychopathology (p <0.05).
Conclusion: The results of this study showed that the spiritual health directly, and ego strength indirectly has been effective on the suicidal psychopathology. Therefore, it is suggested that mental health clinics pay attention to their spiritual health and ego strength in review suicidal psychopathology of individuals with a history of suicide.

The Status of Behavioural Risk Factors for Stomach Cancer in Adults Referring to Health Centers in Kerman

Mina Danaei

Background and Aim: Stomach cancer is of great importance in Iran due to its high incidence and mortality rates. This study aimed to evaluate the status of behavioral risk factors for stomach cancer among adults visiting healthcare centers in Kerman city in the year 2023.
Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 410 adults visiting comprehensive health centers in Kerman city using a quota sampling method. A questionnaire containing demographic information and a Gastric Cancer Behavioural Risk Assessment Inventory (GC-BRAI) was provided to the participants. Independent t-tests, one-way ANOVA, and Pearson correlation tests were used for analysis. A significance level of less than 0.05 was considered.
Results: The total score for behavioral risk factors for stomach cancer was 49.54. The mean total score decreased with increasing age (p=0.007) and increased with a higher body mass index (p=0.006). Men had a significantly higher mean score than women (p<0.001). The mean total score significantly differed based on occupation (p<0.001).
Conclusion: These findings emphasize the importance of addressing modifiable risk factors for stomach cancer, particularly in individuals identified as being at higher risk according to this study.