http://tumj.tums.ac.ir Tehran University of Medical Sciences Journal - Journal articles for year 1998, Volume 56, Number 5 Yektaweb Collection - https://yektaweb.com en 1998/7/10 http://journals.tums.ac.ir/tumj/browse.php?a_id=1514&sid=1&slc_lang=en Artifacts in histopathology, could create serios errors and cause misdiagnosis. In some cases, the degree of artifactual damage is so large that may involve the entire specimen, rendering it suboptimal or useless for diagnostic purposes. Usually, cases of oral cavity specimens are of small size and fine texture, and as a result, the astifacts are more effective on them. However, there are very limited reports in this respect. The present study included a relatively vast range of possible causative factors (which could cause artifacts in histiomorphology). 100 specimens went under the influences of 22 factors. We found that in common, causative factors with reports of Mehregan and Margarone our results are, somehow similar in other cases, which were for the first time applied to, the results were interesting and impressive for some kind of mucosal lesions such as pemphigoids are on malignant and premalignant lesions. E Yazdi http://journals.tums.ac.ir/tumj/browse.php?a_id=1515&sid=1&slc_lang=en Macrophage colony stimulating factor (M-CSF) has previously been shown to affect the differentiation of cells of the mono-nuclear phagocytic line. More recent studies indicate that M-CSF may have a role in pregnancy. In the present study, the expression of M-CSF in the human placenta was demonstrated. Placental mRNA was isolated and used as template for synthesis of complementary DNA (cDNA). The presence of M-CSF related sequences in the cDNA was shown by PCR and RT-PCR reactions in which M-CSF specific primers were used. In addition, it was shown that a 2.4 kb cDNA after electrophoresis and transfer to a nylon filter, hybridized with a digoxygenin labeled M-CSF specific probe. R Arvan http://journals.tums.ac.ir/tumj/browse.php?a_id=1516&sid=1&slc_lang=en Association of EBV with the tumor cells of HD has been proven by a variety of the methods, using serologic and immunohistochemical techniques and in the recent years with molecular biologic techniques which can detect EBV genome in tumor biopsies. In this regard we prompted to perform a case control study on 25 childhood HD cases with respected to their antibodies gainst EBNA and EBV-IgM antibodies in Imam Khomeini Hospital in Tehran. In our study the ratio of positive titers was significantly higher among HD patients compared with age and sex-matched healthy controls. Z Erfani http://journals.tums.ac.ir/tumj/browse.php?a_id=1517&sid=1&slc_lang=en The purpose of this study was investigation of effect of cholestasis on bromocriptine-induced yawning in male rats. Bromocriptine, the agonist of dopamine receptors (especially "D2"), causes yawning in male intact rats. In the present study, cholestasis was produced in male rats by surgery and ligation of common bile duct. The number of yawning induced by intraperitoneal injection of bromocriptine (11 mg/kg) was compared in cholestatic rats with sham operated and control groups. Immediately after injection of the drug and putting animals on the frame of behavioral study, the number of yawning was determined in a period of one hour. Obtained results, indicated significant difference in the number of bromocriptine-induced yawning between cholestatic rats and the other two groups. There wasn't significant difference between sham and control rats. These results indicate that some changes occur in cholestatic rats which increase sensitivity and response of dopamine receptors. Since it is proved that dopamine agonist-induced yawning is mediated via nitric oxide, and also level of nitric oxide is increased in cholestasis, it can be supposed that the mentioned response may be due to elevated level of nitric oxide. On the other hand, increased number of yawning in cholestatic rats may be due to increased level of endogenous opioids in these animals. M Parviz http://journals.tums.ac.ir/tumj/browse.php?a_id=1518&sid=1&slc_lang=en Intrauterine insemination (IUI) has been practiced since the late 1800's primarily for idiopathic infertility, and in men with deficient semen parameters. The procedure is done by placing washed sperm in uterus a few hours before ovulation. The records of 427 couples receiving IUI for treatment of infertility at Shariati hospital in 1370-74 were reviewed retrospectively. These patients had IUI in 574 cycles. Eighty patients became pregnant and delivery rate was 14% per cycle. Pregnancy rate is impressive when ovulation induction is combined with insemination timed just before ovulation. The success rate in Shariati hospital is comparable to other infertility centers in the world and cost of a cycle of IUI with HMG superovulation is approximately one third the cost of IVF-ET or GIFT cycle and avoids invasive oocyte retrieval and extracorporeal fertilization. So we suggest that women with refractory infertility without anatomic distortion of pelvis can have at least 3-6 cycles of IUI before IVF or GIFT. M Aghahosseini http://journals.tums.ac.ir/tumj/browse.php?a_id=1519&sid=1&slc_lang=en As fever is a sign of infection and also an unpleasant and unfavorable feeling for patients it is urgent to be treated as soon as possible. The treatment can be difficult because of critical situation. This paper is intended to propose a management program according to 6 months follow up in our (ICU). Results were considerable in decreasing about 60% mortality and morbidity. A Heidary http://journals.tums.ac.ir/tumj/browse.php?a_id=1520&sid=1&slc_lang=en A retrospective study was conducted to investigate about breast cancer in Tehran from 1985 to 1995. All breast pathological records at five General District and Teaching Hospitals (18 general surgical wards) were reviewed and data were extracted. Overall, 3085 records were found (7291 female and 294 male). The final diagnosis was made for 2436 female records including 903 breast cancer (37.1%), 1430 benign breast disease (58.7%), 45 breast skin disease (1.8%) and 58 normal pathological report (2.4%). The dominant group age for breast cancer in women was age group of 40-49 years. The most frequent pathological stage was stage III. Breast cancer was also seen in 2.3 percent of women of 25 year old or younger. The diagnosis was also made for 278 men showing 32 breast cancer (11.5%), 23 benign breast disease (86%), 3 breast skin disease (1.1%) and 4 normal pathological report (1.4%). The results suggest that 3.5 percent of the overall breast cancer were men's, all having over 40 years of age with 60 years or older as the most frequent age. The most frequent pathological stage was stage III. The findings have some implications for public health professionals in terms of breast cancer screening in Iran. A Zafarghandi http://journals.tums.ac.ir/tumj/browse.php?a_id=1521&sid=1&slc_lang=en Our purpose was demographic clinical and pathological aspect of BCE in patients seen in Razi Hospital, during a six-month period (75.8.12 to 76.2.12). Results: From the total 20000 patients, 103 cases of BCE were detected. (0.5%). The male female ratio was 1.71 BCE was more frequent in sixth decade. 40.8% of patients were fair skin (Type II), 54.4% tawny (Type III) and 4.9% brown (Type IV, V). 15.5% of patients had a past history of freckles and history of radiotherapy in childhood was present in 41.7% 89.3% had no history of acne and seborrhea. The scalp was the most common site of BCE. The most common clinical type was nodular BCE and solid BCE was the dominant histological feature. Conclusion: BCE was more common in male and fair skin patients with dry skin. In those having history of radiotherapy of the scalp, lesions were seen mostly on the scalp, forehead and neck: pigmented BCE was predominant in this group. M Akhyani http://journals.tums.ac.ir/tumj/browse.php?a_id=1522&sid=1&slc_lang=en In this paper, factors affecting the result of prophylactic lymph node dissection in 125 patients with skin melanoma during the period between 1987-1992 in the cancer institute were evaluated and prognostic parameters ascertained. The result showed prevalence of head and neck melanoma in men were two times more than in women with a preponderance of regional and lymphatic recurrence. Majority of patients presented with advanced clark levels (76.8 Pct). Clinical and histologic evaluation of the regional lymph nodes failed to show any meaningful relation. M Mir http://journals.tums.ac.ir/tumj/browse.php?a_id=1523&sid=1&slc_lang=en Intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) is one of the major cause of neonatal mortality and morbidity in premature babies. The etiology of intraventricular hemorrhage is multifactorial. The role of normal vaginal delivery as a cause is controversial in literature. During recent years the incidence of cesarian section has been increasing in Iran and many other countries. In a prospective study we compared the incidence of IVH in premature babies who were born by cesarian section (C.S.) or vaginal delivery. In this study we investigated 84 premature babies at or before 34 weeks gestation who were admitted during 2 years period in NICU of Ali Asghar children hospital for IVH. 10 out of 31 neonates who were born by vaginal delivery had IVH (33%) and 18 out of 53 newborns were born by C.S. had IVH (34%). There was no statistically significant difference between 2 groups. Our study showed delivery by C.S. is no associate with lower incidence of IVH and should not be a reason for doing delivery by C.S. A Arab Mohammadhosseini http://journals.tums.ac.ir/tumj/browse.php?a_id=1524&sid=1&slc_lang=en Introduction: Hand eczema is one of the most common causes of disabiliting dermatoses. Objective: Our purpose was to determine the frequency of hand eczema in out patients seen in Razi hospital (university medical center). Design: Of 3754 patients with skin problems, 206 were investigated for hand eczema and the study was carried out with regard to age, sex, occupation, exposure to chemical and physical irritants and predispositional factors. Results: The prevalence of hand eczema was 5.48%. The mean age was 30.8 years. The female: male ratio was 1.6. The highest number of patients were in the occupational group with exposure to reegents and water (we couldn't do patch test because it was not available). The most common complaint was itching (85.5%) and the fingers were the predominant affected sites. Conclusion: The major cause of hand eczema in contact dermatitis (Irritant and Allergic) and patch testing in necessary to determine the allergic agent, that can be helpful in allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) but are sometimes discouraged because of high false-positive rate and also in many instances, simultaneous exposure to irritant factors plays an essential role in the development of ACD. H Ghaninezhad Ahary http://journals.tums.ac.ir/tumj/browse.php?a_id=1525&sid=1&slc_lang=en This is a retrospective study of the treatment of 68 cases of spine injuries to make an objective assessment of clinical and radiologic results and to introduce the good results of C.D segmental instrumentation. 68 patients, with an average follow up of 36 months, who suffered from thoracolumbar, lumbar and cervical spine fractures and dislocations, underwent surgical and nonsurgical treatment according to the clinical and radiological datas. Patients with more than 50 percent of loss of body height, more than 50 percent of canal compromise and neurologic deficits underwent surgery. With the C.D instrumentation, it was possible to provide solid, short internal fixation with restoration of the sagittal profile without loss of correction. For patients eith heavy works, over-weights and especially, shattered vertebral bodies, to prevent loss of correction, combined posterior and anterior interbody fusion is highly recommended. P Habiballahzadeh http://journals.tums.ac.ir/tumj/browse.php?a_id=1526&sid=1&slc_lang=en This study is on different surgical techniques for repair of Co-arctation of aort and their effect for correction of systemic hypertension and lower extremity hypotension. In addition to these, the clinical and paraclinical data were noticed. 50 pt were operated in "SHARIATI" hospital during 1370-1377 with diagnosis of Co-arctation of aorta (30 men, mean age 19.4 years, 20 women, mean age 16.6 years). In addition to older age of our patients which results in more post-op sequela, there was suprrisingly a long-lag between onset of symptoms, diagnosis and operation (mean 4.36 years). 62% of Co-arctation were juxtaductal and the remainder were non-classical forms. 52% of our patients had co-existing cardiac disease which were very high in comparison with other studies (12%). This is due to older age of our patients and more valvular heart diseases. Among complicated cases of co-arctation, 71.9% were in men and 28.1% in women and this difference is due to high incidence of bicuspid aortic valve in men. The mean angiographic gradient were 57.5 mmHg which increases with age. CXR was abnormal in 91.7% and ECG in 74.2% of patients. The different applied surgical techniques include ee-A=26%, TIG=40%, TBG=18%, DPR=14%, FSCR=2%. There is no significant difference regarding post-op complications, BP in post-op period, and increase in pedal pulses, except in TBG group which HTN was more common. Two early deaths occurred which were in DRP group. AA Karimi http://journals.tums.ac.ir/tumj/browse.php?a_id=1527&sid=1&slc_lang=en 57 cases of jaw's SCC who were hospitalized in Imam Khomeini HSP, Amir-Alam HSP & Cancer Institute between the years of 1373 to 1376, were studied. 23 cases of them were female and the rest of them (34 cases) were male. The range of age of patients was between 25 to 85 years. 21 cases (36.8%) have maxillary involvement and 37 cases (64.9%) have mandibular involvement and there was one case (1.7%) of synchronous involvement of both sites. Patients were categorized according to their individual characteristics (sex, age, occupation, birth & living place), etiologic factors (smoking & familial susceptibility), complaints, sites of involvement in each jaw, histopathological characteristics of tumor (stage, grade, lymphatic involvement), rate of bone and soft tissue involvement, type of treatment, and recurrences of previous lesions. According to the results, and apart from late consultation of majority of patients with their physicians, invasive behaviours of tumoral lesions were less than expected rate. And despite of using radical and invasive treatments, considerable percent of patients were facing recurrence of their previous lesions. Besides, patterns of distribution of birth and living places of patients may probably show the role of geographical and environmental factors in making patients susceptible to certain diseases. H Borgheie http://journals.tums.ac.ir/tumj/browse.php?a_id=1528&sid=1&slc_lang=en Anxiety is one of the most common disorders among the adolescent. Because in this period they have to make many new adjustments such as establishing the sense of identity, thinking about the choice of their career and decide which one matches with their abilities and also makes some social adjustments. In this study 793 highschool students (boys and girls) took the Spiel Berger anxiety tests which measure the overt and covert anxiety. They also completed a structured questionnaire containing questions about the independent variables. Findings of this study indicate that 15% of the highschool students had severe overt anxiety disorder and 20.1% had severe covert anxiety disorder. A statistically significant relation has been found between the covert anxiety and father's education (P=0.006), mother's death (P=0.01), the student's disability (P=0.04), religious believes (P=0.006), illness of family members (P=0.05), educational achievement (P=0.01), mother's occupation (P=0.02). Also a significant relation has been found between the covert anxiety and sex (P=0.01), student's occupation after school hours (P=0.002), religious belief (P=0.01), father's education (P=0.01), illeness of family members (P=0.004). Z Moshkani http://journals.tums.ac.ir/tumj/browse.php?a_id=1529&sid=1&slc_lang=en Food, it's production and preserving has been one of the most important problems in human life. Limitation of production due to climatic, geographic and papulational situations and conservation due to providance and prosecting for solution of one of the most fundamental human needs, has been discussed much. Difference between the lands, temperature, humidity and rainfall on one hand and texture and accumulation of papulation on the other hand, not only has limited the amount and kind of food production but also has improved the preserving methods as much as possible. Extra production in fertile lands and confirmed need for receiving food in deserts and dry areas, makes the need of exchanging and transfer of food inevitable because of economic and ethical matters and sanitation of food. Avoidance of being contaminated and resistance against decay seems very important and vital. So process of preserving and conserving of eaw or cooked food became a fundamental problem. In previous 200 years, many advanced methods have been designed for preserving food in which the role of conserving and packing in vital often. Because of industrial production, conserved food have a great influence on sanitation of people nutrition, and herefor the rate of diseases from consumption of contaminated food has been reduced in industrial countries and the tensancy of people to use conventional food has been decreased gradually. Because of high cost of industrial conserved food production some people produce conserved foods in the way which is not hygienic. That may have a high risk when ingested. In this article we discuss about unwarranted conserved foods productions. H Asl Soleimani http://journals.tums.ac.ir/tumj/browse.php?a_id=1530&sid=1&slc_lang=en Nowadays, trauma is a major complex of industrial and developed countries. Integrated trauma systems have been used for many years to evaluate and minimize the severity of trauma outcomes (mortality and morbidity). We haven't had any trauma system or any comprehensive study, giving us proper information about our country trauma state. This article is based on comprehensive information of a descriptive prospective cohort study, performed in one year period in 3 major trauma centers in Tehran, evaluating 58005 Traumatic patients, referred to emergency rooms of these hospitals. In this article we have tried to represent a complete report of our patients' epidemiologic and demographic factors and trauma inducing mechanisms including traffic accidents, falls, gunshots, cutting objects ..., and their effect on the severity of injury and patients' outcome. Based on our study, traumatic patients are mainly young (age mode between 20-29) males (80%). The majority of patients were illiterate or had a low level of education. The most common mechanism of trauma was hitting of blunt objects (44.9%), however, it was car accidents in hospitalized and severely injured patients (39.9% and 53.7% respectively). The mechanism of trauma correlates significantly to the severity of injury, the need to hospitalization and the patients' outcome. In our study gunshots, car accidents and falls are the most important trauma inducing factors. M Zargar