Tehran University Medical Journal

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Background: In molar pregnancy, when hydatidiform changes are local and some embryonic components are observed, the term of partial mole is used. The risk of persistent trophoblastic tumor after partial mole is much lower than complete mole. In this persistent cases almost all are non metastatic. The aim of this study is to report a case of uterine rupture following incomplete molar pregnancy.
Case presentation: The patient was a 26 year old woman with obstetric history of an abortion and one molar pregnancy and no child. She was referred to emergency unit in Ghaem University Hospital, Mashhad, Iran in May 2011. She had an evacuation curettage following molar pregnancy three months before and without any follow up visit. The patient was referred to emergency unit with hemorrhagic shock. She immediately underwent laparotomy. The uterine fundal rupture was repaired and evacuation curettage performed. In post operative evaluation, she had a nine millimeter metastatic nodule in base of right Lung. As a patient in low risk stage III, she received weekly intramuscular methotrexate (40mg/m2) for six courses. In follow up visit -hCG titer was negative (<10miu/ml) at 5th week.
Conclusion: In cases of in complete molar pregnancy risk of metastasis is very low. Serial beta-hCG titer is the most accurate method for detection of persistent gestational trophoblastic disease (GTN). In neglected cases like this case preservation of ruptured uterus in GTN is possible.

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Background: Gestational trophoblastic disease (GTD) is a heterogenous group of neoplastic lesions that is derived from placental trophoblastic epithelium. According to World Health Organization (WHO) classification they include: Hydatidiform mole (complete and partial), invasive mole, choriocarcinoma and placental site trophoblastic tumor. Hydatidiform mole is the most common and the diagnosis is achieved by pre-evacuation ultrasonographic evaluation, laboratory tests and finally histological assessment as gold standard. Since these disorders show varying potential for local invasion and metastasis, the accurate diagnosis, follow up and recommendations given to patients may differ.
Methods: Consecutive cases with diagnosis of GTD from archive of pathology department of women (Mirza Kochak Khan) hospital were reviewed in whom results of clinical presentation and pre-evacuation ultrasound examination were documented. There were overall 220 cases for which the following clinical features were determined: gravidity, parity, history of previous abortion and gestational trophoblastic disease, the clinical symptoms such as vaginal bleeding and hypertension. Finally concordance between pre-evacuation ultrasonographic and histological diagnosis by kappa test is calculated.
Results: Out of 220 cases with clinically gestational trophoblastic disease diagnosis, 197 cases were confirmed by histological diagnosis. The concluding histological diagnosis includes: 98 cases of complete mole (CM), 84 partial mole (PM), 4 invasive mole and 11 cases of choriocarcinoma. Outside 98 cases with histological diagnosis CM only in 4 cases misdiagnosed by ultrasonoghraphy (4.1%) and high degree of concordance between ultrasonography and histological diagnosis is seen.
Conclusion: Ultrasonographic examination accompanied with clinical examination, beside histological assessment as gold standard have high efficacy in diagnosing  complete mole. This study did not show this finding for partial mole.

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Background: Twin pregnancy with a fetus and a diploid complete mole is not rare, but, the cases of twin pregnancy with a partial mole are rare. Nowadays, the prevalence of these cases has been increased due to the high rate of assisted reproductive techniques in reproductive medicine. The importance of twin pregnancy with a fetus and a diploid complete mole is mainly due to systemic complications such as hypertension and maternal hemorrhage and the possibility of trophoblastic tumor following delivery. Different studies have reported some results about similar cases, but limited case reports are presented in our country. The aim of this study is to report a case with incomplete molar pregnancy concomitant with a live fetus. Case presentation: A 21 yr old woman (G2 ab1) referred to emergency department of Ghaem University Hospital in Mashhad. She complained of scant vaginal bleeding and spotting and a sonography report of a combined molar and normal pregnancy with 15 weeks gestational aged. During hospitalization, the pregnancy complicated with hypertension and proteinuria. Termination of pregnancy was planned at 17th weeks of gestation due to severe preeclampsia. After evacuation of uterus, during follow up visits, -hCG titer raised. Metastasis evaluation was negative. Pathology reports showed patial mole. Then, three doses of methotrexate (50 mg/m2 intra muscular) was administered and finally, according to the monthly follow up, -hCG level was undetectable. Conclusion: The rate of pregnancy complications such as hypertension, hyperthyroidism, and obstetrics hemorrhage and also the risk of Gestational Trophoblastic Neoplasm (GTN) are increasing in incomplete molar pregnancy. Therefore, early diagnosis and timely treatment of molar pregnancy is very important to reduce maternal morbidity and mortality.

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Background: Gestational trophoblastic neoplasia (GTN) consists of a broad spectrum of benign and malignant tumors which are stem in human placental trophoblast. Vitamin D has several biologic rules. Among the effects of vitamin D on cells, we could mention induction of differentiation and apoptosis and also inhibition of proliferation, angiogenesis and metastatic potency. As nutrition plays a pivotal rule in GTN, in this study we compared serum 25-hydroxy-vitamin D [25(OH) vitamin D] in patients with GTN and normal pregnant women.

Methods: In this prospective case-control study, 30 GTN patients and 48 normal pregnant women were considered as control group who referred to Qaem University Hospital, Mashhad, Iran, from July 2013 to October 2015 were included. All included persons to the study had no history of chemotherapy or using vitamin D supplements. After filling informed consent forms and recording demographic data, 25(OH) vitamin D serum level were measured in both group by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method.

Results: Age in two groups was the same (P=0.565). There was no significant difference in gestational age between two groups (P=0.887). Pathologic diagnosis in 83.33% (25 patients) was complete hydatidiform mole and in 16.67% (5 patients) was partial hydatidiform mole. 25(OH) vitamin D serum level in 73.3% of GTN patients and 2.1% of normal pregnant women was lower than 10 ng/ml and among all participants, only 6.3% of pregnant patients had 25(OH) vitamin D serum level higher than 30 ng/ml. Mean serum level of 25(OH) vitamin D in GTN patients was significantly lower than pregnant women group (9.09±5.46 vs. 20.06±6.37, P=0.000). 25(OH) vitamin D serum level between complete and partial hydatidiform mole groups had no significant difference (P=0.384).

Conclusion: Altogether, it was observed that 25(OH) vitamin D serum level is significantly lower in women with GTN than normal pregnant women. Modifying serum levels of vitamin D in molar pregnancy with low level of vitamin D may prevent the development of GTN.

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Results: 74 patients were monitored, 83.78% of them had uncomplicated pregnancy and labor, 4.05% had the abortion, 4.05% had second molar pregnancy, 2.7% had pre-eclampsia, 5.40% had preterm labor. Moreover, stillbirth and malformation did not occur in this study even after chemotherapy treatment. There was not any significant correlation between age, BMI, parity, and chemotherapy duration with pregnancy outcomes. Conclusion: The outcomes of pregnancy after chemotherapy with actinomycin-D is similar to the general population who did not have chemotherapy. The abortion rate and repeated molar pregnancy were similar between population and sample too. Thus, the study shows that the cured patients with low-risk GTN have as much chance of having a normal pregnancy as normal women. In other words, treatment with actinomycin-D does not have any adverse effect in future pregnancies.

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