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Nowadays violence can be widely observed in many societies and one of these cases is domestic violence, the effect of which can be seen both on individuals and the society as a whole. If domestic violence persists it can result in divorce and in the long run may even result in murder, the effect of which both on the individual and the society is obvious. Disorder, homelessness and orphaned children are the disgraceful results of violence. This Research is a descriptive study on physical and Psychic complications of wife abuse on women who were referred to the Tehran legal medical authorities. The methods for gathering data were a questionnaire of personal information of both husband and wife, check list form consisting of 12 physical injuries and a standard test B K to measure the level of depression and self-esteem. The result of this research shows that the most prevalent physical and Psychic problem existent among women suffering from physical abuse from their husbands were as follows: physical injury and extreme fatigue (99%) severe depression (43%) and low self-esteem (65%).

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Introduction: Hepatitis is a serious danger to heath of delivery room s personnels since direct exposure to the blood occurs in 25 percents of viginal labours.

Materials and Methods:This descriptive study carried out in order to evaluate knowledge about hepatitis B among midwives and midwifery’s students in delivery rooms in hospitals related to Medical Sciences universities in Tehran. The study group consisted of 120 persons (60 midwives and 60 midwifery’s students) and hospitals were selected through cluster sampling and samples selected randomly. Data collected by a questionnaire from June to September 2002. Data were analyzed with descriptive statistics and chi-square test.

Results: Results showed that knowledge were moderate in majority of midwives and midwifery s students. There was no significant difference between knowledge about hepatitis B in three universities.

Conclusion: This research showed that knowledge of midwives and midwifery s students about hepatitis B wasn t adequate hence training courses is recommended in order to increase knowledge of midwives and more attention must be paid to education of midwifery’s students about blood born diseases, especially hepatitis B.

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Introduction: Anually, 585000 women die from complications of pregnancy and childbirth in the world. Using postpartum contraceptive methods helps to prevent repeated pregnancies.

Materials and Methods: This research is a descriptive and analytic cross-sectional study that has been performed among women who refered to health centers of Kermanshah city in 2002 to evaluate contraceptive use during two years postpartum and attitude toward it. In this study, some of health centers of Kermanshah city had been selected with cluster sampling and then 260 married women in fertility ages attending these health centers who had delivered during previous two years were selected, using stratified random sampling. Data collecting was performed by interview using a questionnaire that was consisted of 5 parts the data were analyzed using 2 and Fisher exact test, student T-test, Pearson and Logistic regression. Standard deviation (Sd) was reported for mean values.

Results: The findings of this research indicated that 50.4% of women had a positive attitude toward using contraceptive methods during two years postpartum and 79.2% were using some contraceptive method. Husband education (p=0.036), having sexual activity (p=0.001), the time that has been elapsed from the last delivery (p=0.001), number of pregnancies (p=0.013), tendency to have more children (p=0.037), attitude toward contraceptive use (p=0.001), the type of breast feeding (exclusive or partial) (p=0.001), and quality of menstural cycles (p=0.001) were in relation to use of contraceptive methods during two years postpartum.

Conclusion: According to these findings, attitudes and believes, breast feeding status and quality of menstural cycles play an essential role in postpartum contraception. Therefore, key steps to better family planning services at this time include effective counseling and starting training programs.

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Introduction: It is necessary to give the essential educations to the patients and their families during hospitalization and after discharge. We conducted this study with objective of determining educational needs of patients undergoing CABG and their families at discharge and one month later.   

Materials and Methods: This research is a survey study. 60 patients and 60 members of their family who were selected by simple randomization. Data were collected by questionnaire. The questionnaire was prepared in two parts questions about disease and demographic characteristics and specific educational needs about wound care, activity and rest, drugs, nutrition and other needs of patients and their family. The data were collected in two stages: at discharge and one month later and analyzed with SPSS software. Descriptive and inferential statistical methods (t test,  test and variance analysis) were used to analyze the data. Results: At discharge, most of the patients and their families had respectively moderate and high levels of educational needs. Both groups had moderate educational needs about rest and activity, drugs use (general educational needs), nutrition and other needs. Patients have low but their families have high educational needs about drugs use (special educational needs). At one month after discharge, most of the patients and their families had moderate educational needs in all of the mentioned categories. The t statistical test didn’t show significant correlation between educational needs at discharge and one month later in patients and families. The  test showed significant differences between educational needs of the patients and their families (p=0.036) at discharge but didn’t show such a difference one month after discharge (p= 0.558).

Results: showed a significant relationship between educational needs and level of education.

Conclusion: Since most educational needs of the patients and their families concern the uses of drugs and wound care, and also most patients were unable to count their pulse, we suggest nurses pay more attention to these problems and give the essential training to the patients and their families.

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Introduction: A balanced and proper diet is an essential factor in maintaining individual’s health. The improvement of feeding in different age groups, especially children, is considered a significant step in primary health care.

Materials and Methods: This research is a descriptive and analytic study. A sample of 225 mothers whose babies were between 0-24 months and who were referred to selected centers were chosen, using random sampling. The tool was a questionnaire. To analyze the data, the descriptive statistical, frequency distribution charts, the mean and central tendency as well as inferential statistics (2 test and Pearson correlation) were applied.   

Results: The findings of the research showed that there is a meaningful relation between variables of age, occupation, the method of the last delivery, inclination of mother to the breast feeding, age of fetus at the time of birth, hospitalization of the neonate, the time of first breast feeding after the childbirth, the quality of baby’s nutrition while he is hospitalized, the quality of the baby’s first nutrition, the time of starting aid-feeding, using the aid-milk and using the pacifier by the baby with the duration of breast feeding. Such a relationship was also found between husband’s idea about the breast feeding, examination of the breast during the pregnancy, teaching the advantages of the breast feeding and its correct method during the pregnancy, the place of the last childbirth, teaching the importance and the correct method of breast feeding after the childbirth, an encouraging and supporting husband concerning breast feeding, presence of the mother and the baby in a same-room after the childbirth, manner of arranging the intervals and times of the breast feeding, breast feeding during the night, renewed pregnancy and the duration of breast feeding in each session with the duration of breast feeding.

Conclusion: According to the findings of the research, different factors affect duration of the breast feeding. Necessity of the midwife’s attempt to instruct mothers during pregnancy and after childbirth was affirmed. The necessity of instruction of the medical groups about breast feeding is also made clear more than before.