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Background & Aim: Hypothermia is a main side effect during surgery in which blood pressure, heart rate, intra cranial pressure, oxygen consumption, pain and discomfort increase. The rate of cesarean section in Iran is three times more than global standard. This study aimed to investigate effect of pre-warmed intravenous fluid therapy on prevention of shivering after general anesthesia in cesarean section.

Methods & Materials: A total of 62 women undergoing general anesthesia for elective cesarean section were randomly allocated into two intervention and control groups. In the intervention group, patients received pre-warmed serum (37°C) and in the control group, patients received serum at room temperature (25.5°C). The postoperative shivering and some homodynamic parameters of the participants were assessed in recovery room.

Results: The mean of body temperature in the intervention and control groups were 35.9°C±0.48 and 35.42°C±0.6, respectively (P<0.05). The incidence of post operative shivering in the intervention and control groups were 13% and 35%, respectively (P<0.05).

Conclusion: Infusion of pre-warmed serum (37°C) would prevent postoperative shivering and could improve nursing care for women underwent general anesthesia in cesarean section.

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Background & Aim: The role of caffeine as a cerebral stimulant for improving respiratory indicators in the mechanically ventilated patients is unclear. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of coffee consumption on respiratory indicators among the mechanically ventilated patients in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU).
Methods & Materials: A double blind, randomized clinical trial (IRCT2013122915972N1) was performed on 80 patients who were selected by convenience sampling and randomly allocated into two groups (intervention and control). For the intervention group was administered 3.5 grams of espresso coffee powder dissolved in 80 cc water, then 20 cc water through gavage about an hour after breakfast. The control group received 100 cc distilled water. Respiratory parameters were recorded and compared in the two groups 2 minutes before the intervention and 30 minutes and 60 minutes after the intervention. Chi-square test, t-test and the repeated measures analysis of variance were used to analyze the data.
Results: There was no difference between the two groups in the baseline variables. After the intervention, the spontaneous respiratory rate, tidal volume, the minute ventilation rate and arterial O2 saturation increased in the intervention group compared to the control group, but the increase was statistically significant only for the spontaneous respiratory rate and tidal volume.
Conclusion: Espresso coffee consumption through gastric tube in the mechanically ventilated patients increases the spontaneous respiratory rate and tidal volume but does not significantly affect other respiratory indicators.
 

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Background & Aim: Needlestick injury is an occupational risk. Medical university students are more likely to prone to this kind of injury in comparison to other students due to their limited knowledge, skills and clinical experiences. The present systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to estimate the prevalence of needlestick injury in medical university students in Iran.
Methods & Materials: In the present systematic review and meta-analysis, 22 papers written by Iranian researchers published in Persian and English, were included without time limitations. The articles were found by searching Iranian (Magiran, Scientific Information Databases (SID) and IranMedex) and international (Google Scholar, Web of Science, PubMed and Scopus) databases. Data were analyzed using meta-analysis method and the random effects model.
Results: The overall prevalence of needlestick injury among medical university students was 47% (95% CI: 39-55). There was no relationship between vaccine coverage, age of samples, and sample size with the prevalence of needlestick injury. The prevalence of needlestick injuries significantly decreased with increase in the publication years of articles (P=0.03), and significantly increased (P=0.049) with lack of reporting.
Conclusion: Considering the high prevalence of needlestick injury in the students of medical sciences universities, it is of great necessity to design educational programs focusing on the proper use of sharp and cutting instruments as well as the importance of reporting and modifying professional behavior such as avoiding the reinsertion of needles in order to reduce the incidence rate of needlestick injuries.