---

Background & Aim: Patient satisfaction has been recognized as a key indicator of health care quality which is used by accreditation agencies to monitor quality of care in hospitals. A high proportion of health caregivers are nurses. The services provided by nurses are significantly influential in satisfaction of patients. The aim of this study was to assess patients&apos satisfaction from nursing care in hospitals of Iran University of Medical Sciences in 2010.

Methods & Materials: In this cross-sectional study, we recruited 200 patients from different wards (except for special wards, Emergency department, Pediatric and Psychiatric wards) at the time of discharge from hospital through multistage sampling method. Data were collected using Patient Satisfaction Instrument (PSI). Data analysis was performed using descriptive statistics, chi-square and regression analysis.

Results: Majority of patients (72%) were moderately satisfied. Patient satisfaction had a significant relationship with the type of ward (P≤0.001), and type of hospital (P≤0.001). Of demographic variables, only patients&apos level of education was significantly associated with patient satisfaction (P≤0.019).

Conclusion: In this study, patients were moderately satisfied from nursing care services. Educating hospital staff, especially nurses and encouraging them to actively participate in activities to promote patient satisfaction should be a priority for hospital management. We should also consider that in a competitive market of health and treatment care giving, institutions that put patient satisfaction as their main goal are more successful.

---

Background & Aim: Moral distress, a major issue in nursing, affects nurses in all healthcare sections. The existence of such distress and its consequent job dissatisfaction may pose a threat to nurses&apos physical and mental health, as well as their quality of life and hinder their accomplishment of individual and social goals. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between the moral distress and job satisfaction In nurses.

Methods & Materials: This cross-sectional correlational study was conducted on 210 nurses employed in the selected healthcare centers of Tehran University of Medical Sciences in 2009. Data were collected using a questionnaire consisting demographic characteristics, the Corley&aposs moral distress scale, and the Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and independent t-test, analysis of variance, Wilcoxon test and Pearson&aposs correlation coefficient in the SPSS v.14.

Results: According to the findings of the study, the mean of the moral distress was 1.77 out of four and the mean of the job satisfaction score was 3.17 out of 5 indicating a moderate job satisfaction among the nurses. A significant relationship was observed between the moral distress and nurses&apos job satisfaction in the present study, indicating that by decreasing moral distress, job satisfaction increases.

Conclusion: Although numerous factors govern nurses&apos job satisfaction, the observed relationship between moral distress and job satisfaction indicates that identifying and limiting factors influencing these distresses can lead to improved job satisfaction for nurses.

---

Background & Aim: Patient safety in general and medication errors in particular are the important indicators of hospital care quality. Risk management is an important and fundamental approach to preventing events caused by medication errors. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of risk management program on the rate of medication errors among intensive care unit nurses.
Methods & Materials: The present study was a non-randomized pre-test, post-test study with a control group, conducted in 2020 in two hospitals in Tehran. The hospitals were randomly assigned to either an experimental group or a control group. According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 150 nurses (75 nurses in each group) were selected by the convenience sampling method. For the experimental group, a risk management program was implemented. Data collection tools included the nurses’ demographic questionnaire, the 14-item Wakefield medication error self-reporting questionnaire, and the nurses’ medication quality checklist. Data was collected before and after the intervention and analyzed by the SPSS software version 16 using descriptive and inferential statistics.
Results: The results of independent t-test showed no statistically significant difference between two groups in demographic information and the rate of medication errors before the study (P>0.05). After the intervention, difference in the rate of medication errors was statistically significant between the two groups (P<0.005), indicating a decrease in medication errors in the nurses of the experimental group compared to the control group. The results also showed that the rate of medication error observed in nurses was significantly higher than the error reported by them (P<0.001).
Conclusion: The results showed that the implementation of risk management program was effective in reducing nurses’ medication errors. Implementing a risk management program is recommended to nurses as a way to promote safe medication and achieve safe and desirable nursing care.
 

---

Background & Aim: Presenteeism and productivity are two crucial aspects within the realm of human resources. Presenteeism poses a significant challenge as it refers to employees being present at the workplace despite being unwell. In the context of nursing services, the productivity objective encompasses attaining a level of nursing care that is both suitable and cost-effective. Due to the importance of presenteeism and productivity, this study was conducted to determine the relationship between physical presenteeism and productivity of nurses in intensive care units of hospitals affiliated with Tehran University of Medical Sciences.
Methods & Materials: The present study is a descriptive-analytical study that was conducted in 2020-2021. The sample included 305 nurses working in intensive care units within hospitals affiliated with Tehran University of Medical Sciences. The participants were selected using a stratified simple random sampling technique. The data collection was conducted using a demographic questionnaire, the Stanford presenteeism Scale 6-item questionnaire and the Productivity Assessment Questionnaire. Data were analyzed through SPSS software version 16 using descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (Pearson correlation coefficient, Spearman correlation coefficient, t-tests, ANOVA and regression analysis).
Results: The levels of presenteeism and productivity among nurses were found to be average based on the mean scores of 19.15±4.7 and 47.4±10.19, respectively. Furthermore, there was a significant inverse correlation between productivity and presenteeism (r=-0.345). Regarding the demographic variables, only age, working experience in intensive care units, hospital and current department showed a significant inverse relationship with nurses' productivity (P<0.001). The inclusion of these demographic variables and the two main research variables in the regression analysis produced a significant impact on this relationship.
Conclusion: The results of this study showed that nurses' presenteeism diminishes their productivity, which imposes considerable indirect costs on the organization. Given the high prevalence of presenteeism among nurses and its detrimental consequences, it is recommended to undertake various measures aimed at mitigating this issue. These measures can encompass adjusting organizational and managerial policies, revising administrative rules and regulations to permit sick leave during illnesses, and creating conditions conducive to employees taking time off when unwell.