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This reasearch is a discriptive study. the purpose of this study was to assesspatients' knowledye , attitude and practice with coronary artery diseases and of their family . member about theraputic Regimen advises . In this study , 50 patients with Coronary artery diseases and 50 members of their family have been studied randomly . Two questionnaires were prepared, one for patients and another for their families, which both of them included 4 parts as follows : Demographic data, question related to knowledge, the kind of attitude and quality of practice .Then the Scores of patients > knowledge and also their family's were determined Separately and the relation ship between their variables together in patients with their family w&s measured.The results of investigation showed that, most percentage of patients and their family possesing high knowledge and positive attitude about theraputic regimen and most percentage of patients have had disireable practice and their families have had non - disireable practice.The results showed that there was a significant relation between patients >knowledge and their attitude , and between their familys > practice and their attitude.

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Introduction: Education of patients and helping them to be independent in process of self-care in both health and disease is one of the basic responsibilities of nurses.

Methods and Materials: This descriptive-analytic research was done to study perceptions of 317 nurses working in hospitals of Tehran University of Medical Sciences of factors affecting the process of patient education. Data was gathered by means of a questionnaire containing 30 questions about facilitating factors and 17 about inhibiting factors. We used Likert score to measure questions. Data analysis performed by SPSS software. Statistical test were Chi square, t test, variance analysis and correlation of variance.

Results: The highest percentage of nurses (52.1%) believed that enough attention is not being paid to facilitating factors such as considering patient education as priority in patient care, nurses being responsible for patient education, considering patient education as a criteria in nurses annual evaluation, importance of patient education for nurse administrators, having in-service education about patient teaching and having proper time, place and personnel for patient education. Majority of nurses (57.4%) believed factors such as shortage of nurses, lack of proper place, time and patient motivation for receiving education, nurses and nurse administrators’ inattention to patient education and negative attitude of doctors toward patient education by nurses are inhibiting factors in process of education. Statistical tests showed a meaningful relation between demographic variables such as sex, clinical background, shift work and position and facilitating factors. There was also a meaningful relation between variables like working in more than one shift, having clinical experience of patient education and being evaluated for patient education during study of nursing and inhibiting factors.      

Conclusion: This study shows low level of facilitating factors for patient education in hospitals of Tehran University of Medical Science. To improve patient education in these hospitals it is necessary to improve facilitating factors.

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Introduction: Self-burning is a cruel method of suicide and prevention is the most effective way to decrease its morbidity and mortality.

Material and Methods: This investigation is a descriptive prospective study performed at Shahid Motahari Burn Center, Tehran, Iran from December 2001 to December 2002. Inclusion criteria included being female, married, having no history of medical and mental disorders and admission of self-burning. Data were collected by a questionnaire and interviews and were analyzed with descriptive statistics methods and chi-square test.            

Results: A total of 35 cases entered our study. The mean age of patients was 24.573.94 years and 48.6% of cases were in the 21-25 year age group, 80% had primary school education, 97.1% were housekeeper and 68.8% had low economical status. There were statistically significant differences in all of these variables. In 42.9% self-burning had happened at 12-18 hour period and in 45.7% it had occurred at yard. Kerosene had been used by 91.4% of the women as the burning agent 94.3% of the women had experienced husband’s violence (verbal and physical), 60% of the women stated that their husbands were guilty in their action and 91.4% of the women didn’t know any supportive sources in the society. The mortality rate was 100%.

Conclusion: This research showed that family violence and marital problems are the most important causes of self-burning in the married women. Because of close relationship to families, community health nurses can prevent self-burning in married women by detecting and eliminating these risk factors.

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Background & Aim: Suicide is an intentional death that occurs three time in women to men. Nurses can influence in presentation of educational program and consultation in school, job environment and home as well as detection of person who suspected to suicide. This study has conducted to determine the causes of suicide in married women.

Methods & Materials: This investigation is a descriptive study that has been made among women who admitted to Loghmanoddole-Adham poisoning emergency center in Tehran, Iran (the only poisoning emergency center in Tehran) during one year (from December 2001 to December 2002). Inclusion criteria were female, married, without history of medical, mental disorders and confession to suicide. Data were collected by a questionnaire and interview and were analyzed with descriptive statistics and a chi-square test.

Results: According to the result, there was statistically significant differences between age groups, living areas, educational levels, jobs and financially states. 37.4% of women had forced marry 50.5% had feared of their husband 67.7% had experienced husband’s violence 74.7% didn’t know any supportive sources in the society. 82.8% of women used of medications (tablets) for suicide.

Conclusion: This research showed that family violence and marital conflict are the most important etiology of suicide in the women. Nurses can decrease of acting to suicide in married women with detection of family violence, increasing of clients&apos self-esteem, referring and follow up.

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Background & Objective: Osteoporosis is a serious public health concern known to have several etiologic factors. This study compared lifestyles among postmenopausal women with normal and abnormal bone marrow densitometries (BMD).

Methods & Materials: In this case-control study, 81 postmenopausal women (33 cases with abnormal BMD and 48 control individuals with normal BMD) were selected using simple random sampling from Osteodensitometry center of Shariati hospital in Tehran. The BMD at lumbar spine and femoral neck had been measured with DXA. The Lifestyle was assessed using a questionnaire containing items about taking calcium, vitamin D, hormones, and Alendronat, doing physical activity, consuming tea and cola, and smoking. Reproductive characteristics were also collected via a questionnaire. Data were analyzed using χ2 test and independent sample t-test. Crude and adjusted odds ratios and relevant 95% confidence intervals were calculated through logistic regression, using SPSS v.13.

Results: The results showed significant differences between two groups in weight (P>0.001), BMI (P=0.022), number of pregnancies (P=0.002), number of children (P=0.004), duration of lactation (P=0.0002), dietary calcium intake (P≤0.001), and period of calcium supplement intake (P=0.002). The average of acquired scores of lifestyle factors in the case group was significantly lower than the control group (P=0.037). Inappropriate lifestyle had increased risk of the disease (OR=3.36, 95%, CI: 1.10-10.26). Meanwhile in the multivariate analysis, only insufficient intake of calcium was found to be a risk factor (P=0.002) for osteoporosis.

Conclusion: In conclusion, the results of this study showed positive effect of calcium intake on bone mineral density.

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Background & Objective: It is essential to conduct studies on factors related to obesity in both reproductive ages and menopausal period. The aim of this study was to describe the prevalence of general and android obesity and to assess determinants of overweight in pre- and post-menopausal women.

Methods & Materials: In this cross-sectional, random survey of households, about 610 women 20-65 years were recruited. Data were collected via interviews with the participants. Weight, height, waist and hip circumferences were measured as well. The Body Mass Index (BMI) and the waist to hip ratio (WHR) were calculated. Overweight and general obesity were defined as 25≤BMI<30 and BMI≥30, respectively. Android obesity was defined as WHR≥0.85.

Results: The prevalence of overweight and general obesity was 90.6% in the premenopausal women and 72.6% in the post-menopausal women. About 75% and 41.9% of pre- and post-menopausal women had android obesity, respectively. Low literate post-menopausal women had significantly more general and android obesities. In addition, postmenopausal women with more parity had more android obesity. Pre-menopausal women with low literacy and housewives had significantly more general and android obesities. In addition, pre-menopausal women with more parity had less general obesity and more android obesity. In these women, android obesity was increased with age and decreased with physical activity.

Conclusion: The prevalence of general and android obesities was high in Islamshahr women, especially in the post-menopausal women. This result indicates that the women have potential risks for various diseases.

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  Background & Aim: Access to quality care is important in delivering health services. Patients' safety and satisfaction are indicators of quality of care evaluation. Competent nurses may deliver quality care . This study aimed to investigate the impact of using competent nurses on patients’ safety and satisfaction .

  Methods & Materials: In t his interventional study with non-equivalent control group, we selected 120 patients admitted to the emergency department of Imam Khomeini hospital in 2012 using convenience sampling method . Nursing care for the experimental group (n=40 ) was provided by nurses who had high competency scores and in the control group ( n=80), nursing care was provided by usual emergency department nurses . Data were collected using the patient satisfaction with nursing care quality (PSNCQ), and patient safety inventory. Data were analyzed in the SPSS v.16 using descriptive and inferential statistics . The significance level for all statistical tests was considered at P<0.05 .

  Results: Mean age of the intervention and control groups were 48.1 ( ±12.5) and 40.5 ( ±16.7), respectively (P<0.018). There was a significant difference between the two groups in terms of employment (P<0.009). The two groups were similar in terms of other variables such as gender, marital status, level of education, having health insurance , and the reasons for seeking admission . The results showed that there were significant differences between the two groups in patients’ safety and satisfaction with nursing care (P<0.001). Regression test was used to eliminate the effects of age and job satisfaction the results showed effect of intervention on the patients’ safety and satisfaction with nursing care .

  Conclusion: These findings indicated that using competent nurses in providing nursing care promotes patients’ safety and satisfaction with nursing care. Training nurses focusing on the level of competency is required in scheduling, staffing, and implementing nursing care to enhance safety, patient satisfaction , and quality of care.

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Background & Aim: Male andropause begins with hormonal, physiological and chemical changes, and usually occurs in men between the ages of 40 to 55 years. These changes affect their quality of life. Hence, the current study investigated the quality of life of men with andropause and its related factors.

Methods & Materials: This preliminary cross-sectional study was conducted through the census method on 80 males aged 40 to 60 years, employed at the schools of Tehran University of Medical Sciences. Data were collected in 2014 using a demographic questionnaire, the Short-Form 36 (QOL) questionnaire, and the Persian version of the Aging Males' Symptoms (AMS) questionnaire. Data were analyzed by SPSS software v.22 through descriptive and inferential statistics (Independent t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson’s Correlation Coefficient and Stepwise multivariate Regression). The level of significance was set at 0.05.

Results: The mean age of the andropausal men was 47.6±4.79 years and the majority (38.8%) of the samples were in the 45-49 age group. The mean quality of life score was 61.75±13.52. Stepwise regression showed a significant relationship between age and the scores of overall quality of life, physical and psychological health dimensions. Moreover, significant associations were observed between the overall quality of life score and the andropause severity, and between physical health dimension and sleep hours per day.

Conclusion: This study indicates that andropause lowers the quality of life, and age, andropause severity and sleep hours affect the quality of life in the andropausal men.

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Background & Aim: Prostate cancer is one of the most common causes of death from cancers in men. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of an educational intervention based on protection motivation theory (PMT) on prostate cancer prevention behaviors in men 50 to 75 years old.
Methods & Materials: This study is a randomized controlled trial with control group conducted on 100 men referred to the retirement centers in Hamadan in 2017. Participants were selected by convenience sampling method and randomly divided into two experimental (n=50) and control groups (n=50). A self-administered questionnaire including demographic information and PMT constructs was completed by the participants. Educational intervention was administered over four sessions in the experimental group. The questionnaires were completed by the two groups two months after the intervention. Data were analyzed by the SPSS software version 16 using independent t-test, Chi-square and the analysis of covariance.
Results: Before the intervention, the two groups were homogeneous in terms of demographic characteristics and the PMT constructs (perceived rewards, perceived response cost, fear, perceived self-efficacy), and cancer screening behavior. The intervention could improve all the PMT constructs in the experimental group compared to the control group. Also, Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA) screening behavior was 38(76) in the experimental group and 16(32) in the control group (P<0.001).
Conclusion: The results of the study showed that protection motivation theory can be used as a framework for designing educational programs to perform prostate cancer screening.
 

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Background & Aim: Tonsillectomy is one of the most common pediatric surgeries. Preoperative anxiety in children is one of the concerns of caregivers, and its management is an important part of nursing care. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of guided imagery on anxiety in children candidate for tonsillectomy.
Methods & Materials: In this clinical trial, 70 children aged 7 to 12 years, candidates for tonsillectomy in the ENT ward of Amirkabir hospital in Arak in 2021 were divided into experimental or control groups. A demographic information form and the face anxiety scale were used to collect the data. In the control group, anxiety was assessed one hour before and 15 minutes before the surgery. In the experimental group, one hour before the operation and after completing the questionnaire, the child was asked to listen to an audio file with the hands-free for 15 minutes and visualize it in his mind. Then, the anxiety scale was completed again.
Results: The mean score of anxiety before the intervention was 4.31±0.79 in the experimental group and 4.06±0.87 in the control group, which had no statistically significant difference. The mean score of anxiety after the intervention was 3.83±0.89 in the experimental group and 4.89 ± 0.90 in the control group, which showed the mean score of anxiety of children after the intervention had a statistically significant difference between the two groups (P<0.001).
Conclusion: The preoperative intervention reduced preoperative anxiety in the children candidate for tonsillectomy. This intervention is an easy and safe process and can be used as an effective method.
Clinical trial registry: IRCT20211008052701N1

 

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Background & Aim: The COVID-19 survivors are prone to psychological distress due to their experience of illness and severe conditions. Diseases can also affect patients’ quality of life. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between mental health and quality of life among the COVID-19 survivors one year after the infection.
Methods & Materials: This is a descriptive, correlational, cross-sectional study that was conducted from February, 2020 to July 2020. A total of 276 patients who survived from COVID-19 were included to the study through the convenience sampling method. Data were collected using a demographic and clinical information form, the 12-item general health questionnaire (GHQ-12) and the 36 item short form survey (SF-36). Data analysis was performed through the SPSS software version 16 using independent t-test, Pearson correlation coefficient, analysis of variance (ANOVA) and linear regression.
Results: The mean score of mental health and total score of quality of life were 6.26±2.75 and 59.2±18.30, respectively. There is a significant relationship between the score of mental health and the score of quality of life (P<0.001), so that with the increase of the mental health score, which indicated the worsening of the mental health status of the participants, their quality of life score decreased.
Conclusion: Paying attention to the mental health and quality of life of the survivors of COVID-19, as well as adopting supportive strategies for them are recommended. Providing psychological and psychiatric services can improve their mental health and quality of life.

 

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Background & Aim: Parents of children with autism face numerous challenges that hinder their social adjustment. Spiritual health emerges as a relevant components that can potentially enhance their social adjustment. The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the relationship between spiritual health and social adjustment among parents of children with autism.
Methods & Materials: This is a descriptive correlational study that investigates a sample of 194 parents of children with autism at Hekmat Autism Center in Borujerd and Yekta Autism Center in Khorramabad, during the period of March 2021 to April 2021. To collect data, a demographic information questionnaire, the Paloutzian and Ellison spiritual health questionnaire, and the personal resource questionnaire were employed. Data analysis was conducted using the SPSS software version 26, utilizing the Chi-square test, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), and Pearson's correlation coefficient.
Results: There was a statistically significant relationship between the scores of spiritual health (82.03±17.68) and social adjustment (78.52±15.59) among the parents (r=0.572, P=0.0001). The parents with low spiritual health had a mean social adjustment score of 65±0, while those with moderate spiritual health had a mean score of 76.63±15.76, and parents with high spiritual health had a mean score of 89.19±9.45. These results indicate that there was a statistically significant difference in the mean scores of social adjustment across different levels of spiritual health (P<0.001).
Conclusion: There was a significant correlation between spiritual health and social adjustment among parents of children with autism, suggesting that higher levels of spiritual health were associated with increased social adjustment. To enhance the social adjustment of these parents, it is advisable to implement appropriate planning aimed at improving their spiritual health.