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Considering the improvment of technology and development in medical and basic medical science. Continuation of learning in community are necessary. The method is to create a cooperative learning environment for students. Students support in exprience, past information about subject reaction and holistic theory and practice helping notice, problem based learning bridge between theory and practice step intervention strategies P.B.L. which include eight steps: helping problem definition, Data collection, problem formulation, intervention, Assessment of learning needs, independent study, Reporting back review of in dependent study, in this paper, this method was investigated with some examples . Using this method in education of science , particularly medical science will improve the translation of science in education and producing science in research.

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Today besides the different avilable data there is no unique successfultreatment to cure psoriasis and to prevent its complications and recurrances.This study has been done on 50 psoriatic patients in oder to find out if self -care education can reduce the complications and the severity of the disease(Itching, fissuring, scaling) .Data shows that self - care educations can successfully reduce the fissuringfrom 100% in sever cases to 96% (p< 0/001) , and Itching that is seen in 100%of cases subside to 50% (p< 0/001) . skin scaling that is seen in 100% casesdisapper and the skin become normal in all of them (p<0/001) .In general the 88% of the patients has sever pseriasis and after the education itreduces to 50% in mild form.

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Background & Aim: One of the cause of anxiety for most patients is hospitalization. Once the patients are hospitalized for cardiac catheterization, the anxiety would be augmented. The anxiety raises body physiological and psychological activities such as: heart rate and respiratory rate. This research, as clinical trial study, has the objective to determine the influence of applying two methods of relaxation and premeditation on respiratory rate and pulse rate in hospitalized patients, experiencing coronary angiography, in heart and postangio wards of Shahid Beheshti Hospital in Zanjan, at 2003.

Methods & Materials: 40 patients who were candidates for CA, has been studied, in regard to existing conditions and methods of sampling and random allocation to two groups of relaxation, and premedication. Data collection tool included demographic and disease related information sheet, as well as record sheets for respiratory rate and pulse rate at intervals of 8-12 and ½ hrs before, during and after the angiography. For relaxation group, the researcher would speak individually about the influence of relaxation, the day before angiography then with the aid of client himself/herself, performed relaxation instances in a single bout, and eventually asked client to perform relaxation technique 2-3 times before going for angiography. In premedication group, patients received regular preangiographic medications including diazepam, chlorpheniramine, metoclopramid, and hydrocortisone. Respiratory rate and pulse rate were measured in both groups 8-12 and ½ hrs, before during and after CA. Afterward, resulted data were analyzed statistically by (SPSS) software for windows.

Results: Pulse rate at 8-12 hours before, during and after the angiography showed no significant difference between two groups (p>0.05). Thus our research hypothesis that “alterations of respiratory rate and pulse rate in patients under coronary angiography, who get relaxation, are identical to those in premedicaton group”, would be confirmed

Conclusion: These results show that the premeditation method can be substituted by relaxation before practicing invasive procedures.

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Background & Aim: Healthy behaviors of teenagers are effective on the community development. This study was carried out in order to compare healthy behaviors of female teenagers living with their families and in orphanage centers in Tehran.

Methods & Materials: This was a cross-sectional study. The subjects were consisted of 110 female teenagers that 55 of them dwelled in the orphanage centers and the remaining lived with their families. Both groups were studying at the same schools. Samples were selected using stratified random sampling method. Questionnaire was used to gather data. The data were analyzed by descriptive and analytical statistical methods in SPSS software.

Results: There were statistically significant differences between two groups in nutrition (P<0.0003), sleep & rest (P<0.001), physical exercise (P<0.0013), and individual health (P<0.001). Total score of health behaviors were 112.3, and 87.8 in family group and orphanage group respectively (P<0.001).

Conclusion: The average score of health behaviors in girls that reside in orphanage centers was lower than the score of them who lived with their families. This shows the necessity of planning educational and managerial tools to improve their healthy behaviors.

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Background & Aim: Communication is one of the basic concepts which nursing students must learn. Nurse instructors&apos behaviors have key role on effective clinical education. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of situational leadership model on nursing students&apos communication competency.

Methods & Materials: In this before-after trial, we recruited the students who had medical & surgical practicum in the second semester and summer of 1385-86 in public hospitals in Arak. They were selected randomly and then allocated to case (n=40) and control (n=35) groups. In the first week of practicum (before), we measured the students&apos communication competency using a self-structured questionnaire. For intervention, we defined behavioral objectives and designed a diagnosis form for identifying level of maturity and a feedback form for the students. After orientation of the students with behavioral objectives, we accompanied with main instructors based on their maturity levels in caring and applied effective leadership style. Along with the practicum period, we supervised the students&apos level of maturity in different nursing care skills. In the end (after), we measured the students&apos competency. We analyzed the data in SPSS, version 13.

Results: The results showed that there was significant difference before and after the intervention (P<0.001). Also, there was significant difference between two groups (P<0.001). Self-evaluation showed no significant differences between students&apos competency in two groups (P=0.335).

Conclusion: The situational leadership model would promote nursing students&apos communication competency.

 

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Background & Objective: The mortality rate of pneumonia caused by mechanical ventilation is about %25-30. Pneumonia prolongs length of stay in hospital to more than 13 days. There are various approaches to decrease rate of pneumonia in medical wards. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of planned passive respiratory exercise on prevention of pneumonia in coma patients undergo ventilation.

Methods & Materials: In this quasi-experimental study, 76 patients were assigned into two experimental and control groups. The control group (n=38) received usual care in the ICU. The experiment group (n=38) received planned respiratory care within six days. The procedure was done in five minutes/six hours for a three day period and then in 10 minutes/six hours for the next three days. Laboratory tests were done before the intervention and in the third and sixth days of the intervention. The respiratory care planning included respiratory passive exercises along with the common respiratory care.

Results: The results indicated that there were significant differences in the results of lab tests between two groups after the intervention (P<0.0001).

Conclusion: The results of this study showed that planned respiratory care had positive effect on prevention of respiratory infection in coma patients.