Introduction: It is necessary to give the essential educations to the patients and their families during hospitalization and after discharge. We conducted this study with objective of determining educational needs of patients undergoing CABG and their families at discharge and one month later.
Materials and Methods: This research is a survey study. 60 patients and 60 members of their family who were selected by simple randomization. Data were collected by questionnaire. The questionnaire was prepared in two parts questions about disease and demographic characteristics and specific educational needs about wound care, activity and rest, drugs, nutrition and other needs of patients and their family. The data were collected in two stages: at discharge and one month later and analyzed with SPSS software. Descriptive and inferential statistical methods (t test, test and variance analysis) were used to analyze the data. Results: At discharge, most of the patients and their families had respectively moderate and high levels of educational needs. Both groups had moderate educational needs about rest and activity, drugs use (general educational needs), nutrition and other needs. Patients have low but their families have high educational needs about drugs use (special educational needs). At one month after discharge, most of the patients and their families had moderate educational needs in all of the mentioned categories. The t statistical test didn’t show significant correlation between educational needs at discharge and one month later in patients and families. The test showed significant differences between educational needs of the patients and their families (p=0.036) at discharge but didn’t show such a difference one month after discharge (p= 0.558).
Results: showed a significant relationship between educational needs and level of education.
Conclusion: Since most educational needs of the patients and their families concern the uses of drugs and wound care, and also most patients were unable to count their pulse, we suggest nurses pay more attention to these problems and give the essential training to the patients and their families.
Introduction: Nowadays continuing education is considered an essential part of nursing education. This study was planned to evaluate the effect of continuing education of neonatal intensive care nursing on knowledge and the practice of nurses who were working in the children’s hospitals.
Materials and Methods: A semi-experimental study was carried out including 42 nurses of the children’s hospitals affiliated to Tehran University of Medical Sciences during 18 months in 1999- 2000. The data were collected by a questionnaire and a checklist. The questionnaire included demographic information and 60 multichoices questions based on the knowledge of the neonatal intensive care nursing. The observation checklist contained 5 parts, how to establish: resuscitation operation, endotracheal suction, management of the patient under mechanical ventilation, nasogastric tube insertion and feeding by gavage. At the end of the training courses the questionnaire and the checklist were completed again individually. The result of the pre and post tests and checklist were compared in the areas of knowledge and practice. The data was analyzed by 2 and paired t Student test.
Results: Statistical analysis showed a meaningful difference in the knowledge and practice after the continuing nursing education (p<00001).
Conclusion: This research revealed the positive effect of the continuing nursing education on the knowledge and the practice of the nurses who were working in the pediatric wards. It is important to consider the continuing nursing education program to promote the health care system.
Introduction: Gathering information about quality of life is an essential step in designing more effective treatments and also helps developing better supportive and rehabilitation programs.
Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional to investigate the relation between cancer characteristics and quality of life in patients under chemotherapy, 200 patients with different types of cancers were selected by simple sampling method. The data were collected through interview, reviewing patients’ files and patients’ self-reports. The data were collected by a questionnaire consisted of three parts: part one, demographic characteristics part two, questions about cancer type, stage and duration, pain, acceptance or refusal of cancer by patient, decrease or loss of organs’ function and degree of fatigue, and part three, designed to investigate different aspects of quality of life, including questions about general appearance, physical activity, occupational status, social function and sleep. Descriptive and analytic statistics were used.
Results: The results showed that quality of life in majority of the subjects (66%) was moderate. There was a meaningful relationship between some of cancer characteristics like type of cancer (p=0.007), intensity of pain (p=0.007), decrease or loss of organs’ function (p=0.001) and degree of fatigue (p=0.0) with quality of life, but there was no meaningful correlation between acceptance or refusal of disease, duration of disease from diagnosis time and stage of cancer with quality of life.
Conclusion: It seems that there is a relationship between some cancer characteristics and quality of life. Attention must be paid to these aspects to improve quality of life in cancer patients.
Introduction: Stress is a complex and physiologic phenomenon that sometimes can be a source of problem. If an individual could not cope with stress, it would be a threat to physical and psychological health. Inclination to cope with stress is a positive way which helps one to improve his/her health.
Materials and Methods: This research is a quasi-experimental study with the aim of determining the effect of education of methods of coping with stress on rate of stress among women working at Tehran University of Medical Sciences. After primary study, 138 cases were chosen through census sampling. The collection tool was Chaudron stress scale. The statistical tests included t test and 2. Data were analyzed by SPSS software.
Results: The result showed that there was no significant difference between level of stress before and after education in domains of job stress (p=0.22), life health stress (p=0.53), personal life stress (p=0.44) and personality stress (p=0.1). Also the statistical result of X2 did not show significant correlation between variables such as type of school, age, duration of work, marital status, number of children, educational level and housing condition with job stress.
Conclusion: The result showed that work environment is an important source of stress for working women. It could have undesirable effects on physical and emotional health of women. It seems that short term education can not decrease the stress of women therefore it is necessary to organize different long-term education programs, consultation and other strategies to reduce stress.
Introduction: Level of job satisfaction reflects positive or negative attitude of person toward his/her job and is influenced by many factors. Job satisfaction of nursing personnel directly affects their quality of care. Attention to this issue means attention to community health.
Materials and Methods: This study is a descriptive, cross sectional research, conducted to identify the level of job satisfaction of nursing personnel of health, therapeutic and medical education centers of the entire country in the year 2001. Sample size was 4000 and nurses were selected through random stratified sampling method. Data collection tool was questionnaire of Herzberg job satisfaction which was sent by mail. Job satisfaction was classified into three levels: low (0-33.33%), moderate (33.34-66.67%) and high (66.68-100%).
Results: We received back a total of 3029 questionnaires. Results showed that the majority of nurses had moderate level of job satisfaction in domains of working place situation (62.9%), relationship with colleagues (69.6%), professional situation (74.3%), supervision and administration (57.6%), managerial policies (50%) and personnel life in relation to the job (80.6%). Job satisfaction level was low in domains of job security (63.5%) and salary and benefits (77.3%). 2 test showed a significant relationship between age, job position, level of education, job experience, over time working, type of over time working, type of accommodation and participation in continuing education programs and job satisfaction.
Conclusion: As a whole, the level of job satisfaction of majority of nursing personnel was moderate and the majority of subjects were not satisfied with welfare possibilities of their job. According to the research results it is recommended that the authorities try to increase the salary and financial benefits of nursing personnel and also to develop welfare possibilities of this class of community.
Introduction: Evaluation is a systematic process for collecting, analyzing and interpretation of the obtained information for the purpose of investigating how much the objectives in mind can be achieved. Education in an academic educational system means bringing about proper and increasing changes that affect the outcome of this system, that is affecting the students, and the aim of such evaluation was promotion of the quality of an education process.
Materials and Methods: In this study faculty of nursing and midwifery, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, benefiting from opinion poll of university lectures, student and graduates have evaluated their system of educational in the year 2004 and their aim was to remodel and adjust educational system with the society’s needs and promotion of the quality of such education’s. The employed method was cross sectional and descriptive and analytical on the basis of 10 procedural steps and with in 8 sections dealing with evaluated factors. Such as faculty board members, management and organizational capability, students, manpower and logistic affairs, educational environments research work centers, health and therapeutic sections, educational equipment, research equipment, laboratory and diagnosis centers, educational courses and programs, teaching and learning process as well as satisfaction expressed by students.
Results: the results of the research showed that general average of 8 investigating sections, based on SWOTs model were respectively 80.4% (nursing department), 81.5% (Midwifery department) and 82.1% (Ph.D nursing) that may well be interpreted as a desirable research work.
Conclusion: Educational evaluation is the best indicator showing how much we should go to achieve certain aims, analyzes quality of the activity if such a system and by which we achieve logical and routine results.
Background & Aim: Family history of one member suffering from hepatitis B of family is one of the most important ways of illness transmission in Iran. Thus attention to quality of self care of patients of hepatitis B family has vital role in prevention and control in family and society.
Methods & Materials: This research is descriptive study. Samples of this research included 250 patients which 160 persons belonged to simplex hepatitis B families and 90 persons belonged to multiplex hepatitis B families. Patients refer to the center of blood transfusion organization from all of area of Gillan province. In this study data has collected by patens’ questionnaire include: demographic qualifications that were designed in two parts 1- individual qualifications and illness qualifications and questions were about quality self care of drug regimen meal regimen, addictions, precautions standard, fallow up disease and diagnostic quality self care in these groups has been analyzed in SPSS statistical soft ware by statistical tests such as 2 test and fisher test. (p<0.005).
Results: Our results show that (%64) patients of simplex family and (85.6%) patients of family multiplex have not suitable quality self care. In response to hypothesises (there is relationship between quality of self care of patiens members in family and increasing of HBSAg cases) findings show that exists meaningful relation between self care about hepatitis B and increasing cases HBSAg in families (p<0.05).
Discussion: Regarding to dimensions of quality selfcare about hepatitis B disease has important role in preventing from increasing cases HBSAg in families. Particularly regarding to results of research which indicate unsuitable quality self care of patients about drug regime “diet or therapy” “addictions” follow up disease. Therefore in order to control the hepatitis B in family according to the results of this study it is suggested further efforts should be down. The results of this study can be used for other patients infectious such as hepatitis c and Aids.
Background & Aim: Disorders of intelligence is associate with lack of growth in physical, social and educational dimensions. Also it can cause many problems for patient and their family in context of care and maintenance of patient. Psychiatric nurse recognize this problems and helping to resolve them. They can play the effective role to acceptance of mentally retarded adolescent by their family.
Methods & Materials: This research is a descriptive analytical cross-sectional study. Out of research population 406 subject were selected among sponsors of mentally retarded adolescent through convenient sampling (199 subjects had accepted their young adults in their families “daily class” and 207 subjects who had repelled their mentally retarded children “nightly class”) Data were collected through interview and filling questionnaire. And then were analyzed through SPSS software by using descriptive statistics and statistical tests like χ2 and t-test (in depended group).
Results: Findings of this research showed that among demographic characteristics of clients like age, level of education, causes and extent of mental-retardedness of Adolescents and acceptance by the family there is a significant correlation (p<0.05). There are also meaningful relation among individual factor such as ability to wear clothes, ability to feed, observing individual hygiene, precedence of lack of control on urine and stool, precedence of sleep disorder in form of insomnia, record of sensitivity and quick resentment, affliction to psychological disease, the problem of setting up communication with others, profile of hurting oneself and others, making noise and disturbance for others and background of escaping from home, and acceptance of mentally retarded young adult by family (df=1 p<0.001).
Background & Aim: Achieving to desire patients quality of life can result to programming for make use of strategies for prevention and control chronic complications of diabetes and promote quality of life.
Methods & Materials: This research is a descriptive and cross-sectional study. The purpose of this study was to assess the quality of life among 310 diabetic patients with chronic complications. The data were collected through interview. The tool of data collection was the questionnaire that consisted of two parts, demographic and disease charactristics, and questions about dimentions of Quality of life. Score were analyzed by descriptive and infrerntial methods (Chi square, Fisher exact test, and Pearson correlation coefficient).
Results: The findings of research showed that quality of life in majority of the subjects (71%) was moderate. The most percent of the health perception (68.3%), mental health (67.7%), Physical functioning (56.1%), and social/ role functioning (54.8%) of the quality of life were moderate. Also there was no relationship between the number of complications and Quality of life. Also there was a significant relationship between demographic variables [age (p=0.028), sex (p<0.001), BMI (p=0.024), grade (p<0.001)] and Quality of life.
Conclusion: According to the results of this study, quality of life in majority of patients with chronic complications of diabetes was moderate.
Background & Aim: Chronic illnesses, such as cancer, can cause changing in self-esteem. This study has been perform to compare the self-esteem between male and female cancer patients.
Methods & Materials: In this research 101 patients (51 women and 50 men) with different types of cancer (solid tumors and leukemia) have selected by simple sampling method. The tool for gathering data was a questionnaire, with three parts: demographic characteristics, disease characteristics, and Cooper smith self-esteem inventory. Data collection was done through interview, patient’s charts and patients self-report. The descriptive and analytic statistics have been used and the exams were “chi-2” and “Fisher”, through SPSS software.
Results: This study showed that the majority of cancer patients in male and female group have moderate level of self-esteem. There is no significant difference in self-esteem of men and women with cancer and the majority of them (84.3% women) and (%76 men) have moderate self-esteem, but noticeable difference between men and women is connected to the variables that are related to self-esteem, whereas, men’s self-esteem has not any significant meaningful relationship with demographic variables, meanwhile, variables of being under support of somebody (p=0.005) and having caregivers at home (p=0.039) have a meaningful relationship with women’s’ self-esteem. Among the diseases’ characters change or decrease in function of different parts of body has a meaningful relationship with men’s (p=0.014) and women’s (p=0.005) self-esteem. Constipation is the only other variable related to men’s’ self-esteem (p=0.071), but about women there are some variables related to the self-esteem of them consist of duration of amputation (p=0.018), anorexia (p=0.001), alopecia (p=0.027) and fatigue (p=0.021).
Conclusion: It seems that, in comparison between tow genders with cancer although the women’s self- esteem is related to more variables than men, but, recognition and specify these variables can help nurses to design an effective care-plan to meet the gender-specific needs.
Background & Aim: Working conditions in some professions particularly among health care providers result in exposure to various stressors in daily work life that can affect mental health status. Regarding specific conditions that midwives encountered in their workplace, this study investigates mental health status among midwives working in Tehran&aposs public hospitals and its related factors.
Methods & Materials: In this cross-sectional study all midwives working in Tehran&aposs public hospitals who had inclusion criteria (n=370) were studied. Data were gathered using GHQ-12 questionnaire and then were analyzed using chi-square statistical test.
Results: The results showed that 35.1% of subjects had not good mental health. Midwives&apos mental health was significantly related to their educational level (P<0.001), economic statue (P=0.04), marriage status (P<0.001) and shift work (P=0.02).
Conclusion: Regarding high prevalence of poor mental health status among midwives, it is recommended to investigate related occupational factors in order to improve working conditions of midwives working in hospitals.
Background & Objective: Nursing and Midwifery students experience different and numerous sources of stress. Stress is a complex phenomenon that may be experienced by all. Nursing and midwifery students have multiple sources of stress due to their work environment. In order to reduce their stress and prevent the complications, all sources of stress should be recognized. This study was carried out to compare sources of stress between midwifery and nursing students of Tehran universities of medical sciences.
Methods & Materials: This is a cross-sectional study. All senior midwifery and nursing students of Tehran and Shahid Beheshti Universities were invited to participate in the study (n=380). Data were collected using a questionnaire including demographic section (15 questions) and sources of stress of educational environment, clinical environment, and social-personal problems (54 items). Data were analyzed using SPSS and tested with chi-square test.
Results: 363 students participated in the study. Research findings showed that the followings are the most cited sources of stress among the students: ambiguous professional view, incompetent professional knowledge after graduation, caring for terminally ill patients, discordance between theory and clinical education, concerns about employment. Also results showed that there were significant differences between some sources of stress and the study programs.
Conclusion: The nursing and midwifery students had numerous sources of stress in the educational, clinical, and social-personal domains of their life that can affect their physical and psychological health and cause learning problems. Using appropriate approaches to control and manage these sources of stress are recommended
Background & Objective: Job satisfaction is the person&aposs attitude toward his/her work. Increasing nurses&apos job satisfaction result in better quality of nursing care and reduces the number of nurses who leave their job. Conditions of different wards of hospitals can affect nurses&apos job satisfaction. The aim of this study is to compare nurses&apos job satisfaction in oncology and delivery wards.
Methods & Materials: This is a cross-sectional comparative study. A total of 144 nurses (94 nurses in oncology and 50 nurses in delivery wards) of Tehran University of Medical Sciences hospitals participated in the study. Data were collected using a questionnaire. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistical test (chi-square).
Results: Comparison of the global job satisfaction among oncology and delivery nurses, indicated that there was no statistical significant relationship between them from working in a specific ward point of view (P=0.637). Also there was no significant relationship between intrinsic job satisfaction and working in a specific ward (P=0.966). There was statistical significant relationship between extrinsic job satisfaction and working in specific ward (P=0.039).
Conclusion: Considering that extrinsic job satisfaction of oncology nurses were low, reconsideration about specific conditions of oncology wards and taking efficient measures in improving nurses&apos extrinsic job satisfaction (especially oncology nurses) is essential.
Background & Aim: Rheumatoid arthritis is one of the most common chronic diseases with unknown causes and it is the most important cause of disability especially in adulthood that can have a considerable impact on patients&apos quality of life.
Methods & Materials: This is a cross-sectional study. One hundred and ninety patients with rheumatoid arthritis referred to rheumatology clinic and rheumatology wards of Tehran university of Medical sciences&apos hospitals were randomly selected. The data were collected using a two-section questionnaire including demographic and disease characteristics, and quality of life questions. All analyzes were carried out using SPSS statistical software.
Results: The result showed that quality of life of %50 of patients was high and moderate and the other 50% had low quality of life. Approximately 50% of the patients reported that they have no problem in their physical, socio-economic, mental, sleep and rest, and general health regarding rheumatoid arthritis. There were significant relationships between age, marital status, employment, duration of the disease, physiotherapy, and family income with the quality of life.
Conclusion: The results showed that quality of life in half of the patients (%50) was low. Determining the patients&apos quality of life result in designing proper programs and strategies for prevention and control of the disease that result in promoting quality of life.
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