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  Background & Aim: Need assessment for promotion reproductive health is important subject and development a questionnaire is essential. Thus the aim of this study was development of questionnaire of intention to use of oral contraception in withdrawal users based on construct of Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB).

  Methods & Materials : In-depth interviews were conducted to elicit the salient beliefs relevant to oral contraception among withdrawal users. Then a cross-sectional study carried out in Tehran, Iran for validate of questionnaire. Participants recruited from attending five family planning clinics of public health services in the Eastern district of Tehran, Iran. Validity and reliability was evaluated using concurrent, content validity and Cronbach's alpha and test- retest respectively. Factor structure of the questionnaire was extracted by exploratory factor analysis (EFA). Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) conducted to assess how well the EFA extracted model fits observed data. The SPSS version 16 and Lisrel programs were used to analyze the data.

  Results: Reliability and validity were confirmed. The principal component analysis revealed a three-factor structure for the questionnaire including attitude, subjective norm and perceive behavior control that explained 50.4 percent of the total of variance.

  Conclusion : In general, the findings suggest that questionnaire of intention to use of oral contraception in withdrawal users based on Theory of Planned Behavior is a reliable and valid measure.

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  Background & Aim: Midwives are responsible for providing health services to mothers and infants in crises. The aim of this study was to identify educational needs of midwifery students regarding mother and infant mortality prevention in crisis situations .

  Methods & Materials: In this cross-sectional study, all 235 final-year BSc. and MSc. midwifery students were selected from four medical universities located in Tehran. Informed consent forms were completed and signed by the students. The students completed a researcher-made two-section questionnaire including demographic items and educational needs items regarding mother and child preventive services in crises. Data were analyzed in the SPSS . 

  Results: Mean score of the m aternal and neonatal prevention service dimensions were 70±21.5 ( out of 105 ) and 46.7 ± 9 (out of a 65), respectively. Most of the students (86.8% ) declared that their academic education did not prepare them for their roles in crises. Only 10.6% of the students had some courses on crisis and 11.5% of them had the experience of dealing with crisis. The students in the BSc. degree had more educational needs in both dimensions compared to the students in the MSc. degree (P<0.046). There were significant relationships between the age of students (P<0.001), their clinical experience (P<0.001), previous educational courses (P<0.001) and experience in crisis (P<0.05) with the educational needs. There was no significant relationship between the educational needs and the students’ universities ( P>0.05 ) .

  Conclusion: Educational curriculums should be revised regarding actions to be done on prevention of mother and infant mortality in crises .

  

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Background & Aim: Females’ quality of sexual life is one of the key issues of sexual and reproductive health. This is a subjective concept and defined as individual’s perception of sexual aspect of life. The aim of this study was to explore the factors affecting Iranian women’s quality of sexual life.

Methods & Materials: This qualitative study was conducted by conventional content analysis. Data were collected by 17 in-depth, unstructured interviews and 14 sexual life narratives through purposeful sampling among married and reproductive aged women from five university-affiliated health centers in Tehran and Shiraz. Constant comparative method was used to analyze data.

Results: According to the participants’ experiences, 3 themes emerged as direct factors affecting the quality of sexual life including ‘preparation before sexual relationship’, ‘couple’s interaction and harmony in sexual relationship’ and ‘previous sexual relationship outcomes’. ‘Marital life status’ and ‘passive sexual socialization’ were explored as the factors which can conceptualize the context of females’ quality of sexual life.

Conclusion: In this study, factors affecting females’ quality of sexual life were identified. Attention to these factors is suggested to design appropriate interventions by health care system in Iran.

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Background & Aim: Pedestrians are the most vulnerable road users. In many cases, pedestrian-vehicle crashes are often the result of their risky road crossing behaviors. So, this qualitative study aimed to explore the reasons for risky road crossing behaviors among young people.

Methods & Materials: The current study was designed as a qualitative content analysis. Twelve males and females who had a car-accident were purposefully selected with maximum variation sampling. Data were collected and analyzed by semi-structured individual interviews.

Results: Conformity with the masses including “conformity with peers and conformity with the public space of society”, and anomie emerged as the most important social reasons for young pedestrian’s risky road crossing behaviors.

Conclusion: According to the results of this study, young pedestrian’s risky road crossing behaviors are affected by conformity with the masses and peers and as well as anomie so that risky behaviors have been commonplace and inevitable and a part of their lifestyle.

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Background & Aim: Osteoporosis is a silent and progressive disease that causes disability in people particularly women, with age and has irreversible consequences in their lives. This study aimed to determine the effect of an educational intervention program based on BASNEF model on prevention of osteoporosis among women referred to health centers in the south of Tehran.
Methods & Materials: This is a quasi-experimental study with two groups of intervention and control, performed on 162 women (81 in the intervention group and 81 in the control group) aged 30-49 years, referred to health centers in the south of Tehran in 2018. The data collection tool included demographic information, a researcher-made questionnaire based on BASNEF model constructs and another part of the questionnaire was Health Promotion Standards Questionnaire (HPLP II). Questionnaires were completed for both the intervention and control groups before and six months after the intervention. Data were analyzed by the SPSS software using chi-square, t-test, and paired t-test at a significance level of 0.05.
Results: The mean of women’s age in this study was 37.79±5.47 years old. There was no significant difference in demographic variables and BASNEF model constructs before the intervention (P>0.05). After the intervention, the mean score of BASNEF model constructs and the dimensions of health promoting behaviors significantly increased in the intervention group (P<0.001).
Conclusion: The study results revealed a positive effect of the BASNEF model-based educational program on health promoting behaviors regarding osteoporosis prevention among women. It is suggested to use this model as a successful model in educational interventions to prevent osteoporosis in women.
Clinical trial registry: IRCT20130213012460N15