Background & Aim: The severe pain of labor is the important cause of fear and anxiety in pregnant women. This study has been performed to evaluate effect of education on midwives practice.

Methods & Materials: This is a quasi-experimental study. That was done 59 midwives in the labor wards of non-educational of Guilan University of Medical Sciences Hospital. Data gathered by a questioner, which its validity was done by panel of experts and reliability by test-retest. 59 midwives were chosen by quota sampling and participated in a one-day workshop. Pretest and post-test questioner completed before and after four months of education by all midwives. Data analyzed by descriptive and inferencing statistical methods with SPSS.

Results: The paired t-test results showed that midwives practice about pain relieving methods changed significantly after workshop (p<0.005). Analytical methods demonstrated that there was no significant difference between mean practice scores and demographic characteristics of midwives. Conclusion: This study showed that teaching through workshop can improve the use of pain-relieving methods by midwives in labor wards especially more simple and efficacious methods.

Background & Aim: Obesity is increasing dramatically world-wide not only in adults, but also in children and adolescents. Nutritional and physical activity behaviors are related to the prevalence of obesity. Determining adolescents&apos behavioral patterns is important in preventing and adjusting this healthy problem. This study was carried out to assess lifestyle behaviors among girl adolescents and to determine the association between these behaviors and perceived parental lifestyle behaviors.

Methods & Materials: In this cross-sectional study, 270 students were selected using multistage random sampling from girls&apos schools in the areas covered by Tehran University of Medical Sciences. Data were collected using a questionnaire. Descriptive and analytical tests were used to analyze the data.

Results: Results showed that the mean age was 13.3 (10.7-16) years. Most of the adolescents&apos had normal limits of BMI. Only 9.2% of adolescents had optimal dietary behavior and 4.3% were physically active. There was not significant relationship between their nutritional behavior and their perceptions about parents&apos lifestyle. BMI and parents economic status was related to nutritional behaviors significantly. Physical activity was statistically related to BMI and mothers&apos education.

Conclusion: This study showed that the adolescents&apos nutritional and physical activity behaviors were not healthy. Some factors are related to the adolescents&apos healthy behavior. Teaching healthy behaviors and defining healthy behavioral patterns for adolescent are necessary.

Background & Aim: Labor pain is regarded as one of the most intolerable pains which women experience during their life. Although there are many alternatives which can effect on person&aposs response and perception to pain and suffering, the pain is felt especially more severely and longer by primogeniture. Annually thousands of selective cesarean operations are performed just because of delivery pain frightening as the main reason. The pain can produce diverse and unwanted effects on delivery procedure and mother-fetus condition. So finding a method to relieve the pain and suffering is one the policies intently considered by health care systems. The aim of present study is to determine the effect of Entonox on implication of painless labor and woman&aposs satisfaction in a Hospital in Orumieh in 1385.

Methods & Materials: This research is a single blind clinical trail. Samples were consisted of women (160 persons), in two groups (each group 80 persons), which selected randomly. The intervention group used Entonox and the control group inhaled Oxygen. All subjects were instructed to use Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and to inhale gases correctly. Due to emergency need for caesarean operation 2 members of the intervention group and 3 ones from the control group leaved the study. Data gathering tool were consisted of data registration form, VAS scale, mother vital sign recorder, and fetus heart rate recorder. The data were analysed using descriptive (relative & absolute frequencies, mean, and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (t-test, Mann-Whitney U, Chi-squared, Kolmogrove-Smirnov test) by SPSS computer software.

Results: According to the findings pain severity rate among the intervention group significantly was lower than the control group in the different hours of delivery procedure (P<0.001). Using Entonox made no effect on mother&aposs vital signs, labor process, fetus heart rate, first and fifth minute Apgar and bleeding rate after delivery. Also it was shown that probable side effects of Entonox inhalation such as drowsiness and mouth stiffness were more common in the intervention group (P<0.001), but no significant difference was seen in other complications. Meanwhile delivery satisfaction rate was higher in the intervention members.

Conclusion: It seems that Entonox inhalation might come in useful as an effective and safe method to alleviate labor pain and suffering along side with fewer likely risks for fetus and mother in clinical centers.

Background & Aim: Spiritual well-being harmonizes several dimensions of human's life and is essential for coping with diseases. Chronic illnesses such as cancer cause crisis in physical, psychological, and spiritual dimensions of ones life. This study aimed to measure the spiritual well-being in cancer patients who undergo chemotherapy.

Methods & Materials: In this cross-sectional, descriptive-correlational study, Paloutzian & Ellison's Spiritual Well-being Self-report questionnaire was completed by 360 cancer patients. Patients were recruited using sequential sampling method. The inclusion criteria were being more than 20 years old, and being able to read and write. Data were analyzed using chi-square and Pearson tests in SPSS (version 11).

Results: The study findings revealed that the mean scores for spiritual well-being, religious well-being, and existential well-being were (98.35±14.36), (54.67±5.92), (43.67±10.01), respectively. Also, statistically significant relations were found between age, marital status, and educational levels with spiritual well-being (P<0.001).

Conclusion: Findings showed that the level of spiritual well-being was high in cancer patients. Moreover, as it is expected in Iranian culture, the level of religious well-being was more than existential well-being. There were significant relationships between spiritual well-being and personal characteristics. Hence, nurses should consider personal characteristics in their caring programs and choose a comprehensive and holistic approach toward their patients' care.

Background & Aim: Preeclampsi which is a common and important disorder in pregnancy is one of the three leading causes of maternal mortality. It is worthy to find out an appropriate screening test for it. This study aimed to assess serum hematocrit level as a screening test for preeclampsia.

Methods & Materials: Using a randomized stratification, 660 women who were in the 24-28 weeks of gestation were recruited to the study from a prenatal clinic of Taamin Ejtemaei hospital in Tehran. Data were collected through observations and interviews. Data were recorded in a questionnaire and recording form. The women were followed up until delivery. Data were analyzed in SPSS.

Results: There was significant differences in 24-28 weeks serum hematocrit levels in preeclamptic and non-preeclamptic women (P<0.001). There were 58.6% sensitivity, 88.9% specificity, 33.7% positive predictive value, and 95.7% negative predictive value for serum hematocrit.

Conclusion: A Serum hematocrit level in 24-28 weeks of gestation is a simple and inexpensive test that can help to detect high-risk preeclamptic women.

Background & Aim: Most of the recent studies in nursing education have been focused on outcomes of learning. Conventional clinical nursing education, which emphasizes on skill acquisitions, may not encourage students to adopt meaningful or deep learning approaches. This study examined the effect of Concept Mapping on learning approaches among nursing students.

Methods & Materials: In this quasi-experimental study, 53 nursing students were randomly divided into two control (n=25) and experimental (n=28) groups. We taught concept mapping for the nurses in the experimental group to use it in caring patients and learning clinical skills. The control group received traditional nursing care plan lessons. Before and at the end of the intervention, the students&apos approach to learning was assessed using the Study Process Questionnaire. Data was analyzed using independent t test.

Results: No statistically significant difference was found between the control and experimental groups on demographics, surface and deep approaches to learning at the beginning of the study (P>0.05). Deep approach to learning increased significantly in the experimental group after the intervention (P=0.03). There was also statistically significant difference in the deep approach to learning between two groups (P=0.02). No statistically significant difference was found in the surface approaches to learning between two groups.

Conclusion: The results of this study provided empirical support for the use of concept mapping as a meta cognitive intervention to increase students&apos meaningful learning and academic achievement.