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Introduction: Obesity is a problem to individual’s health and determintion of its causative factors is essential for prevention of obesity and maintenance of health.
Materials and Methods: This research is a case-control analytic study (prospective) which has been conducted in kindergartens and pre-elementary schools affiliated to health organization in Qazvin city. After a preliminary study on twenty 5-6 year-old children, 35 obese (case) and 70 normal (control) children were chosen. The kindergartens and pre-elementary schools were selected based on random cluster case-picking method. The tools were a questionnaire, tape meter and spring scale. The obesity was defined as a weight/ height ratio more that two standard deviation above average for sex. The statistical tests were 2, t test and Mann-Whitney test.
Results: The findings showed that the individual characteristics of the child, except weight birth and playing hours, were congruous in case and control groups. Also there was no significant difference between milk-feeding patterns in case and control groups, 77.1% and 85.7% dominant feeding on mother's milk, 20% and 8.6% feeding on formula and 2.9% and 5.7% feeding jointly on mothers milk and formula, respectively. In case of length of each feeding pattern group, no meaningful difference in two groups was found. Therefore all the survey hypotheses were rejected.
Conclusion: According to the research findings, no meaningful relationship between feeding patterns in infancy and obesity in 5-6 year-old children was found and hence probably other factors are playing a role in predisposing to obesity. It is recommended that more extensive researches being carried out in this field.

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Background & Aim: Development of an integrated health information system in order to prioritization of needs, sources devoting, diseases surveillance detecting and early responding is very important. Therefore, this comparative study has been done about natural disaster health information systems in Iran, Japan, and U.S.A in 2005. The aim is to provide logical proposes to reinforce for developing the Iranian natural disaster health information system.

Methods & Materials: This is a descriptive and comparative study that was accomplished in form of cross sectional survey. The data was extracted from literature, papers, Iranian & foreigner journals, e-mails and other related document.

Results: Natural disaster health information system in U.S.A illustrates that there is integration and consistency between responsibilities and roles are played between involving organizations and entities. The required data for natural disaster health information system collected through National Electronic Disease Surveillance System, Pulse Net, Bio Watch, Bio Net, Syndromic Surveillance System, and “the American Red Cross-Centers for Disease Control and Prevention health Impact Surveillance System” in U.S.A and Early Estimation System and Emergency Measures Support System in Japan and Diseases Surveillance in Iran. However, in spite of U.S.A and Japan there is no classification system in Iran.

Conclusion: According to the results, Iranian natural disaster health information system can be improved by using of different data gathering methods, systems and soft wares, also applying of geographical information system and establishing health and natural disaster network and using of classification of diseases advised to up grade natural disaster health information system for Iran.

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Background & Aim: Web-based technologies provide new opportunities for education, research and professional development of nursing. Nurses have few opportunities to use the Internet due to managers&apos obligations not to use the Internet in work hours, and their traditional attitudes to nursing practice. Establishment of a national nursing portal is a useful way to resolve some of these problems. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the experiences of development of nursing portals in some countries and provide helpful recommendations.

Methods & Materials: This was a descriptive- comparative study. Using systematic review of the literature, the least features for nursing portal structures and contents were identified. Then, the identified features were assessed in selected countries through observation or communication with the portal board.

Results: Personalization, user&aposs profile, search engine, platform-independent display, SSO capability, security mechanisms and collaborative capabilities, clinical guidelines, continuing education, electronic learning courses, and evidence-based nursing processes were common features in the nursing portals.

Conclusion: Development of a specialized comprehensive portal that has all of the desirable features can be achieved through clear definitions of strategies on portal development, maintenance, and analysis of user&aposs requirements. The main requirement to integrate services and contents provided by the portal include specific and integrated structure of all entities in nursing services systems.

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Background & Aim: Anxiety and hemodynamic changes are common complications of surgeries. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of foot reflexology massage on overt anxiety and physiological parameters of patients undergoing tibia plaque surgery.
Methods & Materials: In this clinical trial study, 96 eligible patients who were candidates for Tibia plaque surgery, referred to Imam Ali (AS) Teaching Hospital in Bojnourd in the spring of 2016, were selected by the convenience sampling method. Then, they were randomly divided into two groups of 48 people: experiment and control. For the experiment group, one hour before the operation, the foot reflexology massage was performed for 10 minutes. For the control group, the foot was touched for 2 minutes. Patients’ anxiety was measured using the Spielberger Manifest Anxiety Questionnaire before and one hour after the intervention, and patients’ physiological parameters were measured before and after the intervention and at 2, 4, 6, 12 and 24 hours after the surgery. To compare and analyze the data, chi-square tests for qualitative variables and t-test, Mann-Whitney test and Repeated Measure ANOVA for quantitative variables were used on the SPSS software version 21.
Results: This study showed that the average score of anxiety after the intervention was significantly different in both the control and experiment groups (P=0.038). Also, Foot reflexology massage significantly reduced systolic blood pressure after the intervention (P=0.039) and 4 hours after the surgery (P=0.007), and also reduced diastolic blood pressure immediately after the intervention (P=0.001). Heart rate decreased significantly at all measured times after the intervention (P<0.05).
Conclusion: Foot reflexology massage can reduce overt anxiety and improve physiological parameters of patients undergoing tibia plaque surgery. Therefore, this method can be used for reducing anxiety in the patients candidate for orthopedic surgery.
Clinical trial registry: IRCT20200502047265N1