---

This research is a descriptive-analytical study conducted with the aim of examining and comparing adjusted behaviors of children (brothers and sisters) suffering from a chronic disease, referred to treatment centers with the siblings of the healthy children of the same age, in Tehran. The research sample was a group of 300 children along with a pair of parents. They were divided into groups of 150 siblings suffering from a chronic disease and 150 siblings who were healthy. For sample-taking of the children suffering from chronic disease parents of the children referring to hospitals or hospitalized in wards, who had the required qualifications were also studied through simple random selection. In order to select healthy children and their parents, the parents of the children referring to specified treatment centers for receiving medication and clinical treatment were selected as the control group, through the simple random sampling method. The basis of research comprised of a questionnaire comprising of two parts. The 1st part consisted of demographic particulars and the 2nd part constituted the form of questions put to the child's parents, whose form was prepared on the basis of the standardized child behavior checklist in accordance with Achen Bach's parents’ report. The form consisted of two parts: one concerning social merit (6 questions on activities, social relations and studying performance of the child) while the other related to behavioral problems of the child (102 questions in relation to social problems, anti-social behavior, aggressive behavior, difficulty in concentration, physical complaints, anxiety, depression, isolation disorder in thinking, sexual problems and miscellaneous matters). The results in relation to the research objectives point out that there is by p<0.001 and p< 0.005 and in a sensible manner, the behavioral problems of the siblings suffering from a chronic disease as compared with healthy siblings are more and their social merit is less.

---

Background & Aim: Family history of one member suffering from hepatitis B of family is one of the most important ways of illness transmission in Iran. Thus attention to quality of self care of patients of hepatitis B family has vital role in prevention and control in family and society.

Methods & Materials: This research is descriptive study. Samples of this research included 250 patients which 160 persons belonged to simplex hepatitis B families and 90 persons belonged to multiplex hepatitis B families. Patients refer to the center of blood transfusion organization from all of area of Gillan province. In this study data has collected by patens’ questionnaire include: demographic qualifications that were designed in two parts 1- individual qualifications and illness qualifications and questions were about quality self care of drug regimen meal regimen, addictions, precautions standard, fallow up disease and diagnostic quality self care in these groups has been analyzed in SPSS statistical soft ware by statistical tests such as 2 test and fisher test. (p<0.005).

Results: Our results show that (%64) patients of simplex family and (85.6%) patients of family multiplex have not suitable quality self care. In response to hypothesises (there is relationship between quality of self care of patiens members in family and increasing of HBSAg cases) findings show that exists meaningful relation between self care about hepatitis B and increasing cases HBSAg in families (p<0.05).

Discussion: Regarding to dimensions of quality selfcare about hepatitis B disease has important role in preventing from increasing cases HBSAg in families. Particularly regarding to results of research which indicate unsuitable quality self care of patients about drug regime “diet or therapy” “addictions” follow up disease. Therefore in order to control the hepatitis B in family according to the results of this study it is suggested further efforts should be down. The results of this study can be used for other patients infectious such as hepatitis c and Aids.

---

Background & Aim: Nurses, due to the demands of their profession, are frequently exposed to high-stress clinical situations, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, which can lead to moral distress and affect their resilience, ultimately contributing to job burnout. This study aims to investigate the relationship between moral distress, resilience, and burnout among nurses.
Methods & Materials: In this descriptive, cross-sectional study, 188 nurses working in hospitals affiliated with the Birjand University of Medical Sciences during the years 2021-2022 were selected through simple random sampling. The data collection tools included demographic information, the Moral Distress Scale, the Davidson Resilience Scale, and the Maslach Burnout Inventory. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics in SPSS software version 21.
Results: The results indicated that the nurses experienced low moral distress (30.28±12.59), high resilience (63.70±13.44), and high levels of burnout (54.98±12.30). A direct and significant relationship was found between moral distress and burnout, while a weak and significant inverse relationship was observed between moral distress and resilience (P<0.001).
Conclusion: Given the significant relationship between moral distress, resilience, and burnout, it is recommended that policymakers develop strategies to enhance resilience, which could lead to a reduction in moral distress and burnout among nurses.