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One of man's fundamental needs is communication. Nurses within their specialty sense this need in their relationship with their patients, even though in some cases with physical impediments e.g. the placing of bypass tubes, this relationship is endangered. This study is a quasi experimental research, whose main aim is to compare the effects of two types of communication methods on anxiety and satisfaction in patients after cardiac and bypass surgery having intubation, warded at chosen hospitals affiliated to the Tehran University of Medical Sciences. According to the specific criteria, 90 patients were randomly selected by divided into two groups (experimental and control). The researchers met all patients the day before the surgery explained the reason and use of the picture chart for the experimental group and the routine communication methods for the control group. Therefore on the day of surgery communication was established with both groups with their own particular method. Data collection was done through a questionnaire consisting of: 1) demographic specification and clinical history, 2) Spielburger's questionnaire for obvious anxiety and 3) visual analogue scale (10cm) for patient satisfaction evaluation which is undertaken the day after surgery and after extubation. The results of the χ² test and the Fisher's exact test showed significant statistical differences between the two groups concerning the level of the patient's anxiety and satisfaction. The use of the picture chart for the experimental group, decreased patient's anxiety resulting from speech disability and increased their satisfaction with their communication with nurses as compared to the control group. Considering the beneficial results from using picture charts in establishing communication with patients, nurses with the help of devices, must try to create better relationships with intubated patients in the post-surgery period and provide them with more desirable services.

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Children are the biggest national investment that a society can make. With increased child population so too have their problems increased, amongst which are the increased incidence of street children, which as a result has endangered their health. This research is a descriptive and cross sectional study towards determining the effective factors on the self-concept of street children aged 6-12 years who were referred to the Khajouye Kermani culture house of Tehran in 1380. In this regard, 140 street children between the ages of 6-12 were chosen. The method was a 4-part questionnaire which included personal, family and societal information and questions related to the self- concept of the children. The data was collected by interviews with the children. In accordance with the average and the deviation criteria achieved, the level of self-concept was divided into four groups, extremely negative, negative, positive and extremely positive. The results showed that half of the subjects (50%) had very negative concepts of themselves and only 2.2% of them had a very positive self- concept levels. Therefore the street children had a very low self- concept level. Also as concerns the factors affecting self- concept was also a meaningful relationship between self- concept and some factors such as gender, education, level of income, duration of work, level of happiness within the family, counseling, reaction to the child's mistakes, having necessities for the home, adequate nutrition and clothing, having street friends before work (P<0.05). Therefore street children are at risk as regards their mental and physical development because they suffer from low self- concept levels and require special attention. Because of the vast responsibilities nurses can play an important role to improve of the health of these children.