---

Background & Aim: Although natural contraceptive methods have been used for centuries, they have high failure rates so family planning programs tend to promote modern methods. Knowing utilization rate of natural methods and its pattern could help the planners to design effective family planning programs. This study was designed to identify the utilization rate of natural family planning and its related factors in Ghaemshahr, Iran, 2005

Methods & Materials: In this cross-sectional study, 304 married and non-pregnant women aged 15-49 years that were not intended to become pregnant were recruited using systematic random sampling. All participants completed the informed consent form. Data were collected using a content valid and reliable (r=0.84) questionnaire. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Chi-square, ANOVA and t-test.

Results: The utilization rate of natural and medical methods were 39.5% and 60.5%, respectively. Among all various methods, withdrawal was the most prevalent one (37.5%). The frequency of breastfeeding and safe period were 1% and 0.3%, respectively. The most cited reasons for using natural methods were fear of side effects of other methods (50.6%), its convenience (36.5%), preference of spouses (32.6%), and the wrong perception of being as effective as other methods (22.5%). There were significant associations between age (P=0.003), marriage duration (P=0.01), number of children (P=0.0001) and living in urban area (P=0.0001) with utilization rate of natural methods. Health providers were reported to be the main source of information.

Conclusion: Although family planning programs tend to promote modern methods, the wide spread use of natural methods especially withdrawal method suggests that those couples that are interested in continuing the method should be educated for correct use of it. On the other hand, it is recommended that family planning packages should contain programs to increase knowledge, to correct the wrong believes, to consult with couples, to targeted men and other groups of the populations and finally to activate mass media.

---

Background & Aim: Exercise is an integral component of physical and mental health. Attention to exercise in women, regarding their physiologic situation is essential. This study aimed to investigate the effect of a specific aerobic exercise program on fetal growth in pregnant women.
Methods & Materials: In this clinical trial, 39 pregnant women in 24-32 weeks of gestation were enrolled. The participants were randomly allocated to experimental (n=18) and control (n=21) groups. Women with single pregnancies and intact amniotic membranes were included. Women who had any contraindications for exercise were excluded from the study. Exercise program included stretching and flexibility exercise and aerobic exercise (constant walking for 30-45 minuets) three days a week for eight weeks. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, c², t-test, Kolmogro-smirnov and repeated measurements. P<0.05 was considered to be significant.
Results: The results showed a 1.37% increase in the newborns&apos weight in the intervention group however, the difference was not statistically significant. The average of head circumference and newborns&apos length in the intervention group&aposs newborns were 0.21cm and 0.09cm more than the control group&aposs newborns, respectively. These differences were not statistically significant too (P>0.05).
Conclusion: There were no reductions in the growth of the fetuses following the exercise activities. This kind of exercise has no adverse effect on fetal growth.

---

Background & Aim: Changes in hemodynamic parameters can indicate the health status of individuals, and treatment measures cause changes in hemodynamic parameters, and affect the treatment process of patients. Different ways of distraction can have different effects. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of music distraction and movie-watching on hemodynamic parameters of patients undergoing extracorporeal lithotripsy.
Methods & Materials: A quasi-experimental study with a three-group, before and after design was performed on 90 patients undergoing extracorporeal lithotripsy in the lithotripsy unit of Ayatollah Kashani hospital affiliated to Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences in 2018. Patients were selected using the convenience sampling method and randomly allocated into three groups. The intervention included visual and auditory distraction. Data was collected before and after the intervention using demographic characteristics questionnaire, calibrated mercury blood pressure monitor, and pulse oximeter. Descriptive statistical tests (mean and standard deviation, percentage, frequency) and inferential tests (paired t-test, Pearson correlation coefficient and analysis of variance) through the SPSS software version 16 were used to analyze the data.
Results: Analysis of variance showed that the mean scores of systolic and diastolic blood pressure, pulse rate and oxygen saturation in the auditory, visual and control groups were not significantly different before the intervention (P>0.05). Also, the mean scores of these variables in auditory, visual and control groups were not significantly different after the intervention (P>0.05). Paired t-test also showed the mean scores of pulse rate (P=0.133), systolic (P=0.159) and diastolic blood pressure (P=0.413), and oxygen saturation (P=0.083) did not have significant differences after the intervention compared to before the intervention between the groups.
Conclusion: According to the results, music and movie-watching did not have a significant effect on hemodynamic parameters of patients undergoing lithotripsy. Due to the lack of confirmatory studies, further research is needed on lithotripsy patients.