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Showing 732 results for Type of Study: Research
Pegah Abasian, Aygineh Hayrabedian, Mohammad Javad Tarrahi, Ahmad Ghadami,
Volume 28, Issue 4 (1-2023)
Volume 28, Issue 4 (1-2023)
Abstract
Background & Aim: Hand disinfection methods are not germ-free, and infected hands transmit the infection. One of the personal protective equipment of the operating room is the mask, which will probably be contaminated by the hands when removing the mask. The aim of this study is to determine the effect of using automatic mask dispenser on the contamination of surgical masks in the operating room.
Methods & Materials: The present study is a field experiment that was conducted on 120 hospital staff in Isfahan in 2021. The subjects were randomly divided into two groups of 60; automatic device and manual mask removal. The effect of contact of hands impregnated with fluorescent powder was measured during the removal of the mask in each group. The contamination area of the removed mask and the lower mask on the back and front surfaces were compared in the two groups.
Results: The Mann-Whitney test showed that there was a significant difference in the area impregnated with fluorescent powder from hand contact with the mask surface between the two methods (P<0.05). Only 125.6±77.8 mm2 of from the front surface and 30.6±26.0 mm2 from the back surface of the mask removed with the automatic mask dispenser were contaminated, while the ratio in the hand-removed mask was respectively 961.6±612.9 and 440.4±315.6 mm2.
Conclusion: The study showed that eliminating hand contact with the body of the mask using an automatic mask dispenser, can reduce its contamination. Therefore, mechanization of services is effective in ensuring the safety of individuals’ health and reducing costs.
Clinical trial registry: IRCT20150715023216N11
Elham Nikkhah Beydokhti, Kokab Basiri Moghadam, Mosa Sajjadi, Mahdi Basiri Moghadam,
Volume 29, Issue 1 (4-2023)
Volume 29, Issue 1 (4-2023)
Abstract
Background & Aim: Health-related behaviors of patients with myocardial infarction (MI) are highly affected by their illness perceptions, and education is one of the ways to enhance illness perception. Accordingly, the aim of this study was to compare the effect of multimedia and telephone education on illness perception in patients with MI after discharge.
Methods & Materials: A randomized clinical trial was conducted on 32 patients with MI who were discharged in 2019-2020 in Gonabad and Mashhad. The samples were selected by the convenience sampling method and randomly assigned to the multimedia or telephone groups. The educational content was similar for both groups, and was provided as a conversation for the telephone group, and as video, audio, and image for the multimedia group. The Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire (Brief. IPQ) was completed by the patients on the first day and the sixth week after discharge. Data were analyzed through the SPSS software version 20 using Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, chi-square test, Fisher's exact test, independent t-test, Paired t-test and Levene's test, at a significance level of P<0.05.
Results: The results showed that the average score for the components of illness perception after the intervention compared to before the intervention in the both groups had a significant increase (P<0.05), but no significant difference was observed in the comparison between the two groups (P>0.05).
Conclusion: Both multimedia and telephone training methods improve illness perception in the patients. Therefore, the trainer is suggested to choose the type of training according to individual differences and facilities of the recipient, and health managers should apply appropriate policies for patients with MI to benefit from telenursing care after discharge.
Clinical trial registry: IRCT20190607043834N1
Masoud Abdollahi, Monir Ramezani, Zahra Bafti, Sajad Harimi, Mohammadreza Askari, Mohammad Abdollahi, Abbas Heydari,
Volume 29, Issue 1 (4-2023)
Volume 29, Issue 1 (4-2023)
Abstract
Background & Aim: Today, ageing is a challenge for health and care systems, and one of its main consequences is an increase in the readmission rates. Therefore, in all countries, efforts are being made to reduce the readmission rate. The Readiness for Hospital Discharge Scale was designed to understand patients' readiness levels for discharge. This study was conducted to translate and evaluate the psychometric properties of the Readiness for Hospital Discharge Scale.
Methods & Materials: In this methodological study, a convenience sample of 500 elderly patients admitted to hospitals affiliated with Mashhad University of Medical Sciences was selected in 2020-2021. The instrument was translated using the forward-backwards method. The psychometric properties of the final version of the instrument were assessed by employing exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis (validity) and Cronbach's alpha and the Guttman's split-half coefficient (reliability).
Results: In the factor analysis, all items had a factor loading above 0.3 and, all of them were retained. The goodness of fit indices confirmed the model and a good fit of the model. The Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the whole scale and the Guttman's split-half coefficient were 0.92 and 0.86, respectively.
Conclusion: The results of our study supported the four-dimensional structure of this instrument and indicated that this instrument has adequate validity and reliability. Therefore, nurses and doctors can use this tool as a suitable method to measure the elderly patients' readiness for discharge and to achieve a safe transfer from the hospital to home.
Zeynab Heidari, Seyed Hamid Seyedbagheri, Parvin Khalili, Tabandeh Sadeghi,
Volume 29, Issue 1 (4-2023)
Volume 29, Issue 1 (4-2023)
Abstract
Background & Aim: Considering the use of aromatherapy as a non-pharmacological method of pain control and a scarcity of studies in this area, the aim of the study was to compare the effect of breast milk odor and Rosa damascena aroma on pain and crying due to blood sampling in neonates.
Methods & Materials: In this cross over clinical trial study, 40 neonates hospitalized in the NICU of Ali Ibn Abitalib hospital in Rafsanjan were divided into two groups (breast milk odor and Rosa damascena aroma). In the first step, tree minutes before blood sampling until its completion, cotton soaked in 2 cc of breast milk was placed at a distance of three centimeters from the neonate’s nose. In the next step, cotton soaked with two drops of rose essential oil was used, similar to the method of breast milk. For the second sample, the order of interventions was changed. The pain was calculated with the NIPS instrument and crying with a stopwatch by a person who was blinded to the groups. The data were analyzed by STATA software version 14.
Results: The mean score of pain for two periods in two groups were 3.75±2.33 and 4.30±1.70 respectively, and there was no significant difference between the two groups (P=0.415). The mean score of crying for two periods in two groups were 16.98±16.21 and 15.03±9.99 respectively, and there was no significant difference between the two groups (P=0.650).
Conclusion: The breast milk odor and rose damascena aroma have a similar effect in reducing the pain of neonates. Thus, according to the conditions, each of these methods can be used.
Clinical trial registry: IRCT20150713023190N11
Samira Khatar, Leila Mirhadyan, Homa Mosaffa Khomami, Ehsan Kazemnejad Leili,
Volume 29, Issue 1 (4-2023)
Volume 29, Issue 1 (4-2023)
Abstract
Background & Aim: Many factors affect the hypertensive patients’ quality of life. Identifying the factors related to the quality of life can help to promote the quality of life in hypertensive patients. This study aimed to determine the predictive role of illness acceptance and social, individual factors in the hypertensive patients’ quality of life.
Methods & Materials: This correlational, cross-section study was conducted in 2020-2021 on 245 hypertensive patients referred to a hypertension clinic in Lahijan selected by the convenience sampling method. Data were collected by a questionnaire, including demographic information, Acceptance of Illness Scale and the WHO's Quality of Life-Brief questionnaire. Data were analyzed by multiple linear regression at a 95% confidence level using the SPSS software version 23.
Results: The mean score for the quality of life was 65.32±12.18 (0-100) and for the acceptance of illness was 31.83±4.98 (8-40). Age, sex, employment status, marital status, monthly income, family arrangement and the acceptance of illness were identified as the predictors of quality of life in hypertensive patients (P<0.001). According to the coefficient of determination (R2=0.401), the variables of the final regression model explained about 40% of the quality-of-life changes among hypertensive patients.
Conclusion: Given that the acceptance of illness and some social, individual factors can affect the hypertensive patients’ quality of life, focus on the strategies to promote the acceptance of illness and paying attention to social, individual factors can help improve the quality of life among hypertensive patients.
Fateme Ebrahimi, Ezzat Jafarjalal, Tahereh Najafi Ghezeljeh, Shima Haghani,
Volume 29, Issue 1 (4-2023)
Volume 29, Issue 1 (4-2023)
Abstract
Background & Aim: Attempting to improve the quality is an important issue in the nursing service and care system. The COVID-19 pandemic has created great challenges for healthcare systems, especially for the intensive care units, which can affect the quality of nursing care provided to these patients. The aim of this study was to determine the quality of nursing care in nurses working in the intensive care unit of COVID-19.
Methods & Materials: In this descriptive-cross-sectional conducted in 2021-22, 142 nurses from Valiasr, Amir Kabir, Amir al-Momenin and Khansari hospitals affiliated to Arak University of Medical Sciences were selected by the census method. The Martins’ nursing care quality questionnaire (including 25 items in 7 domains) was completed by the participants. The SPSS software version 16 and independent t-tests, analysis of variance and the Pearson's correlation coefficient were used for the data analysis.
Results: The result showed that the mean score of the nursing care quality was 83.83±7.74, which was considered favorable due to being higher than the median score of the tool (62.5). Among the individual characteristics of nurses, the nursing care quality had a statistically significant relationship with the type of employment (P=0.003), age, work experience and work experience in the intensive care unit (P<0.001).
Conclusion: Considering the significant relationship of the nursing care quality with the type of employment, age and work experience, it is recommended that health managers take an effective step in formulating the necessary policies to improve the quality of nursing care by taking into account the experience of skilled nurses in intensive care units.
Ali Mohammadpour, Samane Najafi, Javad Bazeli, Mahnaz Parimoo,
Volume 29, Issue 1 (4-2023)
Volume 29, Issue 1 (4-2023)
Abstract
Background & Aim: Diabetic neuropathy is found in 50% of people with diabetes and refers to a group of diseases that affect all nerves such as peripheral, autonomic and spinal nerves. This study aimed to investigate the effect of topical heat therapy on clinical symptoms of peripheral neuropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Methods & Materials: The present study was a randomized controlled clinical trial conducted on 52 patients with type 2 diabetes with peripheral neuropathy referred to the clinic of Allameh Behlool Gonabadi Hospital in 2018. The participants were randomly divided into two groups of intervention and placebo. The intervention group received heat therapy using a hot pack at 40 ° C twice a day for 20 minutes for a week. The control group received all routine care similar to the intervention group. A demographic information form and NSS questionnaire were used to collect the data through interview. Data were analyzed using the SPSS software version 23 at a significance level of less than 0.05.
Results: The mean scores of neuropathy symptoms before and after the intervention were 5.46±1.90 and 4.12±1.55 respectively for the intervention group, and 4.88±1.53 and 5.08±1.52 for the control group that no significant difference was observed between the both groups before the intervention (P=0.23), but there was a statistically significant difference after the intervention (P=0.03). Also, the comparison of the mean scores of two groups after the intervention showed a significant difference (P<0.001).
Conclusion: The findings showed that topical heat therapy can improve the clinical symptoms of peripheral neuropathy. Since this technique is easy to learn and inexpensive, it can be used to reduce treatment costs and drug side effects, as well as to improve patient self-care.
Clinical trial registry: IRCT20181015041354N1
Masomah Jalili, Shahnaz Kohan, Mohammad Javad Tarrahi, Fatemeh Torabi,
Volume 29, Issue 1 (4-2023)
Volume 29, Issue 1 (4-2023)
Abstract
Background & Aim: COVID-19 is one of the crises that seriously threatens the individuals’ mental health, especially pregnant women. On the other hand, the COVID-19 quarantine can affect the occurrence of domestic violence in pregnant women. The aim of the current study was to investigate the prevalence of domestic violence in pregnancy and the factors affecting it during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Methods & Materials: This was a descriptive-correlational study conducted on 308 primiparous mothers referred to health centers in Isfahan in 2021. The participants were selected using the multi-stage sampling method. Data was collected using a demographic characteristics form and the domestic violence questionnaire. Data analysis was done through the SPSS software version 22 using the Spearman's correlation coefficient, Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests.
Results: A total of 59 mothers (19.2%) experienced domestic violence during their pregnancy (a score of 60 and above from the domestic violence questionnaire). The most prevalent type of violence (including perceived) was psychological violence with 74.4% (229 people), followed by economic, sexual, and physical violence with 35.1% (108 people), 17.2% (53 people), and 14.9% (46 people) respectively. A significant relationship was found between domestic violence during pregnancy and the number of siblings, birth order, the educational level of mother and her husband, and husband’s occupation (P<0.05).
Conclusion: The COVID-19 pandemic has made pregnant women more vulnerable to domestic violence. There are many individual and cultural factors contributing to domestic violence. Some factors were identified as the predictors of violent behavior such as the educational level of woman and her husband, and occupation. Identifying these factors and screening of domestic violence during pregnancy can prevent the occurrence of violent behavior by the spouse and the negative consequences of domestic violence on the mother and her fetus.
Roya Marmazi, Marziyeh Asadizaker, Simin Jahani, Mohammad Hosein Haghighizadeh,
Volume 29, Issue 2 (7-2023)
Volume 29, Issue 2 (7-2023)
Abstract
Background & Aim: Pain and inflammation caused by needle insertion into the fistula is a common problem in hemodialysis patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of topical application of Rosemary essential oil on inflammation and pain severity caused by needle insertion into arteriovenous fistula in patients undergoing chronic hemodialysis.
Methods & Materials: In this clinical trial, 60 hemodialysis patients from the hemodialysis ward of Golestan hospital and Imam Khomeini hospital in Ahvaz were randomly assigned to two groups using block randomization. The intervention group received rosemary essential oil, while the control group received distilled water applied to the needle insertion site 5 minutes before each hemodialysis session. Pain severity was assessed using the VAS scale and inflammation severity was determined using the Phlebitis checklist at baseline and during six sessions. Data were analyzed using t-test, chi-square test and repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) on SPSS software version 22.
Results: The results showed that the mean score for pain increased in the control group from 5.13±1.74 to 5.93±1.67, while it decreased in the intervention group from 5.83±1.53 to 3.77±1.43 (P=0.003). Additionally, the mean score for inflammation increased during the sessions in the control group, ranging from 1.27±1.20 to 2.07±1.08. However, in the intervention group, the mean score for inflammation decreased from 2.57±1.92 to 1.33±1.44. Nevertheless, this difference was found to be statistically insignificant (P=0.267).
Conclusion: The findings of the present study showed that the topical application of rosemary essential oil had a significant effect on reducing pain resulting from needling. However, its effect on reducing the severity of arteriovenous fistula inflammation in patients undergoing hemodialysis was not statistically significant. Based on these results, it is recommended to provide training to nursing staff and hemodialysis patients regarding the use of rosemary essential oil as a means to alleviate pain experienced during the procedure. Further research is required to investigate its potential for reducing the severity of fistula inflammation.
Clinical trial registry: IRCT2019102804526N1
Fatemeh Torkian, Mahboubeh Valiani, Zahra Sadat Allameh,
Volume 29, Issue 2 (7-2023)
Volume 29, Issue 2 (7-2023)
Abstract
Background & Aim: Establishing effective communication and forming a strong attachment with a newborn baby are crucial tasks during the postpartum period. The bond between mother and baby has a profound impact on the child's well-being, as well as the mother's health. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of auriculotherapy on the mother-infant attachment.
Methods & Materials: This randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted between March 2021 and September 2022 on a sample of 106 pregnant women who referred to the maternity ward of Shahid Sadoughi Hospital in Isfahan for normal vaginal delivery. The participants were randomly assigned to either the intervention group, which received auriculotherapy in addition to routine care, or the control group, which received only routine care. Auriculotherapy involved the stimulation of specific acupuncture points including oxytocin, uterus, Shen Men, thalamic, lung 1, and lung 2. Data collection was carried out using a checklist of demographic characteristics and the Maternal Postnatal Attachment Scale. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software version 26, employing independent t-test, paired t-test, exact Fisher's test, and chi-square test. A significance level of P<0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results: The results showed that there was no statistically significant differences observed in demographic variables between the intervention and control groups (P>0.05). However, the mean score of attachment after delivery in the auriculotherapy group was significantly higher compared to the control group (P=0.004).
Conclusion: Based on the findings of this study, it has been determined that auriculotherapy exhibits the potential to enhance maternal attachment to the baby. Given its ease of use and non-invasive nature, it is strongly recommended to consider incorporating auriculotherapy as an intervention to improve mother-baby attachment during the postpartum period.
Clinical trial registry: IRCT20091219002889N12
Bahareh Najafi, Ahmad Nasiri,
Volume 29, Issue 2 (7-2023)
Volume 29, Issue 2 (7-2023)
Abstract
Background & Aim: Uncertainty is a multifaceted concept, inherently unavoidable, and can pose a significant obstacle to proper decision-making. In the nursing profession, which is marked by various challenges, nurses are expected to make precise and appropriate decisions. Confidence in decision-making is considered a vital element in the nursing profession. Given the ambiguities surrounding the concept of uncertainty, we aimed to conduct a concept analysis of uncertainty in nursing using the Walker and Avant’s approach.
Methods & Materials: This study is a concept analysis using the Walker and Avant’s approach to analyze the concept of uncertainty. Initially, a search was conducted on databases including Science Direct, SID, Medline, Iran Med, ProQuest, PubMed, and Scopus, using keywords such as uncertainty, nurse, and concept. A comprehensive review of articles published between 1990 and 2021 was then carried out, resulting in a total of 9 relevant articles.
Results: The literature review showed that uncertainty is an abstract and intricate concept that poses challenges in making informed decisions. In the context of nursing, uncertainty shares similarities with terms like confusion and doubt, while standing in contrast to concepts like self-confidence and assurance. The antecedents of uncertainty include the inability to make decisions and a lack of accountability. The consequence of uncertainty is the recognition of information needs, active pursuit of answers, and ultimately making informed and appropriate decisions.
Conclusion: The findings of this study indicate that nurses encounter uncertainty when they are unable to make independent decisions. As uncertainty in nursing decision-making directly affects patient care, managers and planners can take proactive measures to mitigate this issue. By promoting knowledge and awareness, fostering motivation, and encouraging continuous learning among nurses, the level of uncertainty can be reduced. This, in turn, will contribute to the improvement and enhancement of patients’ health outcomes.
Solmaz Vahedi, Nahid Dehghan Nayeri, Fatemeh Hajibabaee, Abbas Rahimi Foroushani,
Volume 29, Issue 2 (7-2023)
Volume 29, Issue 2 (7-2023)
Abstract
Background & Aim: Presenteeism and productivity are two crucial aspects within the realm of human resources. Presenteeism poses a significant challenge as it refers to employees being present at the workplace despite being unwell. In the context of nursing services, the productivity objective encompasses attaining a level of nursing care that is both suitable and cost-effective. Due to the importance of presenteeism and productivity, this study was conducted to determine the relationship between physical presenteeism and productivity of nurses in intensive care units of hospitals affiliated with Tehran University of Medical Sciences.
Methods & Materials: The present study is a descriptive-analytical study that was conducted in 2020-2021. The sample included 305 nurses working in intensive care units within hospitals affiliated with Tehran University of Medical Sciences. The participants were selected using a stratified simple random sampling technique. The data collection was conducted using a demographic questionnaire, the Stanford presenteeism Scale 6-item questionnaire and the Productivity Assessment Questionnaire. Data were analyzed through SPSS software version 16 using descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (Pearson correlation coefficient, Spearman correlation coefficient, t-tests, ANOVA and regression analysis).
Results: The levels of presenteeism and productivity among nurses were found to be average based on the mean scores of 19.15±4.7 and 47.4±10.19, respectively. Furthermore, there was a significant inverse correlation between productivity and presenteeism (r=-0.345). Regarding the demographic variables, only age, working experience in intensive care units, hospital and current department showed a significant inverse relationship with nurses' productivity (P<0.001). The inclusion of these demographic variables and the two main research variables in the regression analysis produced a significant impact on this relationship.
Conclusion: The results of this study showed that nurses' presenteeism diminishes their productivity, which imposes considerable indirect costs on the organization. Given the high prevalence of presenteeism among nurses and its detrimental consequences, it is recommended to undertake various measures aimed at mitigating this issue. These measures can encompass adjusting organizational and managerial policies, revising administrative rules and regulations to permit sick leave during illnesses, and creating conditions conducive to employees taking time off when unwell.
Anahita Zali, Parvaneh Mousavi, Fatemeh Izadi, Bahman Cheraghian,
Volume 29, Issue 2 (7-2023)
Volume 29, Issue 2 (7-2023)
Abstract
Background & Aim: Feelings of loneliness can affect the mental health of the elderly and lead to cognitive problems. As a potentially effective treatment approach, cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) has emerged as an intervention to alleviate loneliness among the elderly. This study aims to determine the effect of CBT on alleviating loneliness among elderly women referred to health centers in Khomeini Shahr.
Methods & Materials: This quasi-experimental study was conducted in 2020 on a sample of 60 elderly women who had been referred to health centers in Khomeini Shahr. The participants were conveniently selected and then randomly assigned to either the intervention or control groups. Data were collected using a demographic information form and the Deshiri et al’s loneliness questionnaire, which were administered before, immediately after, and one month after the intervention. The intervention group received eight counseling sessions of CBT that lasted for 60 minutes each, while the control group did not receive any counseling. Data analysis was carried out using the SPSS software version 23, employing descriptive and inferential statistics.
Results: The results obtained from conducting a two-way repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed a significant statistical difference in the mean score of loneliness resulting from communication with family, the score of emotional symptoms of loneliness and the total score of loneliness in the intervention group before and after the intervention (P<0.001). However, no statistically significant difference was observed in the control group (P>0.05). Furthermore, when comparing the mean score of loneliness resulting from communication with friends in the intervention group, no statistically significant difference was observed before and after the intervention (P=0.094). Similarly, no statistically significant difference was observed in the control group (P=0.338).
Conclusion: The results of the current study indicate that CBT is an effective approach to alleviate loneliness in elderly women. Therefore, it is suggested that this method be implemented as a means to reduce feelings of loneliness among elderly women.
Fatemeh Keshmiri, Fatemeh Bahramnezhad,
Volume 29, Issue 2 (7-2023)
Volume 29, Issue 2 (7-2023)
Abstract
Background & Aim: Various factors play a significant role in shaping the professional identity of nursing students, and among these factors, the impact of the hidden curriculum holds utmost importance. However, this process remains still unknown. The aim of the study is to explore the role of hidden curriculum in the formation of professional identity among undergraduate nursing students.
Methods & Materials: This is a qualitative research using the grounded theory approach. The participants in this study included 35 undergraduate nursing students from Tehran University of Medical Sciences during the 2020-2021 academic year who participated in semi-structured interviews. The interviews lasting between 30 and 60 minutes were conducted with each participant. Subsequently, the interviews were transcribed and analyzed following the framework proposed by Strauss and Corbin in 2008.
Results: After analyzing the data, three main categories and 12 subcategories have emerged. The theory developed in this research was formed through the core category of “identity instability within the nursing profession”. The main categories that emerged were “ambiguity and lack of motivation in professionalization”. The study identified "the governance of a discriminatory culture" as the underlying process, while “the promotion of demotivation resulting from inefficient patterns” served as the basis of this study.
Conclusion: Based on the study's findings, the process of developing a professional identity can be metaphorically likened to a river. In this analogy, discrimination serves as the clouds hovering over this river, casting a shadow on the identity development process. While inefficient patterns can be likened to lightning bolts that further complicate the process. Furthermore, the rocky bed of the river, symbolizing the lack of motivation among learners towards professionalism, makes it even more challenging to build a strong professional identity.
Fatemeh Khakshoor Mohammad Abadi, Sakineh Taherkhani, Abed Majidi, Azam Moslemi,
Volume 29, Issue 2 (7-2023)
Volume 29, Issue 2 (7-2023)
Abstract
Background & Aim: In women experiencing intimate partner violence, resilience can serve as a protective factor against the worsening of psychological problems. Acceptance and Commitment Therapy has emerged as a potential means to enhance resilience in these individuals. The aim of this study is to determine the effect of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy on the resilience of women experiencing spousal abuse.
Methods & Materials: This is a quasi-experimental study. A total of 80 women experiencing spousal abuse were selected through quota sampling from the women referring to the health houses affiliated to the Mashhad ol-Kube health center in Arak, Iran between 2020 and 2021. The participants were then divided into intervention and control groups using the block randomization method. The intervention group received the Acceptance and Commitment Therapy in eight sessions, lasting 90 minutes each, once a week. The data collection tools included a questionnaire on personal and health characteristics, the Revised Conflict Tactics Scale, and the Connor‐Davidson Resilience Scale. The Resilience Scale was completed by both groups one week and five weeks after the intervention. The data were analyzed through the SPSS software version 23 using descriptive statistics, independent t-test, Chi-square test, Fisher’s exact test, and two-way repeated measures ANOVA. A significance level of P<0.05 was used to determine statistical significance.
Results: The mean and standard deviation of the resilience score for the intervention group increased from 59.21±13.29 before the intervention to 64.31±11.27 and 72.34±10.49 in the post-test and follow-up periods. For the control group, these figures were 52.47±17.2, 51.94±14.72, and 52.47±15.3, respectively. Based on the results of the two-way repeated measures ANOVA, there was a statistically significant difference in the mean score of resilience between the intervention and control groups at the three time points examined (P<0.001).
Conclusion: The implementation of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy can significantly improve the resilience of women experiencing spousal abuse. This intervention holds great potential for being incorporated into mental health improvement programs specifically designed for women who have experienced spousal abuse.
Ali Pourhabib, Zahra Fotokian, Zahra Sabzi, Khadijeh Yazdi,
Volume 29, Issue 2 (7-2023)
Volume 29, Issue 2 (7-2023)
Abstract
Background & Aim: The availability of information regarding people's experiences of returning to work after heart surgery, taking into account the socio-cultural context of Iranian society, is limited. The aim of this study is to discover the process of returning to work after heart surgery.
Methods & Materials: A qualitative study using the grounded theory approach was conducted between 2021 and 2022. Through purposive and theoretical sampling, 21 participants who had undergone heart surgery and were in the process of returning to work were selected. They were chosen from the cardiac surgery ward of Amiralmomenin Hospital in Kordkuy, as well as among patients seeking treatment from cardiac surgeons in Golestan province. Data were collected through conducting semi-structured interviews and taking field notes. Data analysis was conducted using the method proposed by Corbin and Strauss in 2015.
Results: "Feeling of doubt about return-to-work", "perceived psycho-social support", "personal and occupational factors", "unfavorable consequences of heart surgery" and "limited support from governmental/non-governmental institutions" were determined as contextual factors influencing the process of return-to-work. Moreover, "effort to adjust the job", "situation evaluation" and "self-management" were introduced as strategies, while "adaptability to the job" were identified as the consequence of returning to work. Finally, the core variable of the study was determined to be "the thoughtful effort to match the job".
Conclusion: Based on the results, it was determined that several individual and environmental factors influence the process of return-to-work for people who have undergone heart surgery. To facilitate a successful return to work, it is crucial to provide psycho-social support from both the family and work environment. It is recommended that policy makers in the health and social affairs sectors take active steps to empower people during the post-recovery period. Additionally, fostering collaboration between the Ministries of Labor and Health, as well as insurance organizations, can greatly facilitate the return to work of individuals after heart surgery.
Farzin Bagheri Sheykhangafshe, Vahid Savabi Niri, Shabnam Baryaji, Fatemeh Eghbali, Ali Fathi-Ashtiani,
Volume 29, Issue 3 (10-2023)
Volume 29, Issue 3 (10-2023)
Abstract
Background & Aim: Eating disorders manifest numerous psychological and social consequences for both individuals and society. The present study was conducted to investigate the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy in alleviating COVID-19-related anxiety, fear of negative evaluation, and depression among women diagnosed with Anorexia Nervosa.
Methods & Materials: This study employed a quasi-experimental pre-test-post-test design with a control group. The research population consisted of women diagnosed with anorexia nervosa in Tehran in 2022. Thirty participants were selected through convenience sampling from psychological clinics in the 6th and 8th districts of Tehran, and were randomly assigned to either the intervention group (n=15) or the control group (n=15). Questionnaires assessing eating attitudes, COVID-19-related anxiety, fear of negative evaluation, and depression were administered to both groups. The intervention group received a total of eight 90-minute sessions of cognitive-behavioral therapy, while the control group did not receive any intervention. The collected data were subsequently analyzed using multivariate analysis of covariance through the SPSS software version 24.
Results: The results of the study showed that cognitive-behavioral therapy led to a significant reduction in mental anxiety related to COVID-19 (P<0.001, F=36.41), physical anxiety related to COVID-19 (P<0.001, F=39.15), fear of negative evaluation (P<0.001, F=41.92), and depression (P<0.001, F=47.48) in women diagnosed with anorexia nervosa (P<0.001).
Conclusion: Cognitive-behavioral therapy demonstrated efficacy in alleviating psychological disorders among women diagnosed with anorexia nervosa. Given the potentially severe impairment of mental health experienced by numerous individuals with anorexia nervosa, it is imperative to implement measures for identifying and providing psychological interventions to vulnerable groups.
Mohammad Gholizadeh, Javad Bazeli, Fatemeh Javaherforooshzadeh, Mohammad Vaseie, Maryam Moradi, Ali Mohammadpour,
Volume 29, Issue 3 (10-2023)
Volume 29, Issue 3 (10-2023)
Abstract
Background & Aim: Patients undergoing hemodialysis commonly experience discomfort due to the insertion of needles into their arteriovenous fistula. The aim of the study was to compare the effect of EMLA ointment and lidocaine spray, along with the use of rhythmic breathing on the intensity of pain caused by the insertion of needles in the arteriovenous fistula among hemodialysis patients.
Methods & Materials: This study was a randomized clinical trial conducted on a total of 80 patients who were referred to Imam Khomeini and Golestan hospitals in Ahvaz in 2022. The numerical pain measurement scale was used as the data collection tool. The participants were selected using the convenience sampling method and then randomly allocated into two groups. In the EMLA ointment group (n=39), a total of 2 grams of EMLA ointment was applied to the target area 60 minutes before the hemodialysis procedure. In the lidocaine spray group with rhythmic breathing (n=41), 2 puffs of lidocaine spray were administered along with rhythmic breathing 5 minutes prior to needle insertion. The pain intensity was then measured and recorded. The collected data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics in SPSS version 20, with a significance level set at 0.05.
Results: The group receiving EMLA ointment and the group receiving lidocaine spray, with rhythmic breathing had mean pain scores of 1.95±1.09 and 2.12±1.10, respectively. Although the mean pain score in the EMLA ointment group was lower than that in the lidocaine spray group with rhythmic breathing, the difference was not statistically significant (P=0.479).
Conclusion: The findings of this study indicate that both EMLA ointment and lidocaine spray, along with the use of rhythmic breathing, have comparable efficacy in reducing pain among hemodialysis patients. Therefore, considering the patient's condition, the utilization of either of these methods is recommended.
Clinical trial registry: IRCT20220512054826N1
Vafa Senobar, Ehsan Shamsi Gooshki, Tahmineh Farajkhoda, Zahra Mehdizadeh Tourzani, Razieh Lotfi,
Volume 29, Issue 3 (10-2023)
Volume 29, Issue 3 (10-2023)
Abstract
Background & Aim: The interdisciplinary nature of the profession of counseling in midwifery underscores the need for the establishment of an ethical framework to guide the provision of counseling services in various areas of midwifery and women's health. Consequently, the present study has been conducted with the objective of formulating code of ethics in midwifery counseling.
Methods & Materials: The present study is a developmental study using the Delphi method, which was conducted in three stages in 2020. The first stage involved qualitative content analysis to review the texts, and the development of an initial draft of ethical codes. In the second stage, expert opinions were sought from professionals specializing in medical and midwifery ethics to evaluate and make revisions to the initial draft. The third stage involved validation of the draft codes and their finalization.
Results: According to the results of the qualitative content analysis, a total of 182 codes were obtained from the texts and classified into eight categories. However, through the Delphi rounds, the number of categories was subsequently reduced to six, resulting in a decrease in the number of codes to 121. The identified categories included; "Professional competence", "Professional communication", "Management of client data", "Ethical considerations in tele-counseling", "Ethical considerations in midwifery counseling education”, and "Ethical considerations in research". These categories were established with a consensus level of 92.4%.
Conclusion: In this research, a set of ethical codes was obtained from the experts’ opinions in relevant disciplines from various universities across the country, with appropriate validity and consensus levels. These codes can be used in providing counseling services in midwifery, promoting safety and adhering to ethical principles and values.
Ali Navidian, Somayyeh Khazaeian,
Volume 29, Issue 3 (10-2023)
Volume 29, Issue 3 (10-2023)
Abstract
Background & Aim: The utilization of emotional expression methods, including narrative counseling and written emotional expression, has been shown to be efficacious in mitigating the intensity of diverse psychological issues such as depression and acute stress, particularly following traumatic events. Additionally, emergency cesarean section is commonly acknowledged as a traumatic event that may lead to psychological challenges for the mother. The purpose of this research was to compare the effectiveness of emotional expression through writing and narration in reducing post-traumatic stress and postpartum depression among women undergoing emergency cesarean section.
Methods & Materials: This quasi-experimental study was conducted in Zahedan, involving a total of 120 women who underwent emergency cesarean section and were admitted to Ali Ibn Abi Talib (AS) hospital during the period of 2021-2022. The participants were selected using convenience sampling and were randomly divided into three groups: written emotional expression, narration and control, with each group consisting of 40 participants. The intervention consisted of one face-to-face session and two non-face-to-face sessions. Data collection involved the use of the Edinburgh Depression Questionnaire and PTSD assessments, administered before and six weeks after the intervention across all three groups. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 24, employing descriptive and inferential tests such as ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc analysis.
Results: The results showed a significant decrease in the average scores of post-traumatic stress and postpartum depression in the written emotional expression and narration groups, compared to the control group, after the intervention (P<0.05). However, before the intervention, there were no significant differences observed among the three groups (P>0.05). Furthermore, a higher mean difference was observed in both post-traumatic stress and postpartum depression scores before and after the intervention in the written emotional expression group, compared to the narration group, indicating a greater effect of written emotional expression (P<0.001).
Conclusion: Based on the research findings, highlighting the positive effect of both narration and written emotional expression, it is recommended to incorporate these techniques as supplementary components within comprehensive educational and care programs for women experiencing traumatic childbirth.
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