Showing 732 results for Type of Study: Research
Nasibeh Sharifi, Anvar-Sadat Nayebinia, Afsaneh Raiesifar, Tayebeh Rashidian, Zeinab Raiesifar, Azita Fathnezhad-Kazemi,
Volume 29, Issue 3 (10-2023)
Abstract
Background & Aim: Infectious diseases represent a significant health concern within human communities. Considering the importance of pregnancy, the present study was conducted with the aim of exploring the health behaviors exhibited by pregnant women during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Methods & Materials: This qualitative study employed the conventional content analysis approach to examine a cohort of 16 pregnant women in 2021. The research was conducted within the health centers of Ilam, employing the purposeful sampling technique and unstructured interviews to collect the data. Simultaneous to the data collection, conventional content analysis was employed to analyze the data. MAXQDA version 10 software was utilized for data management purposes.
Results: The participants had a mean age of 30 years, while the average gestational age was 30.38 weeks. Through analysis, three main themes and eight categories were derived from the collected data. The main themes identified were as follows: 1- self-care practices for disease prevention, 2- the adverse effects of the pandemic on pregnancy, and 3- changes in the healthcare system.
Conclusion: The results of the present study highlight the emergence of a novel form of self-care among pregnant women as a consequence of the COVID-19 pandemic. The adverse effects of the pandemic, such as quarantine measures, were associated with the development of negative ruminations within pregnant women. Following the quarantine restrictions, significant modifications were observed in the ways through which women sought health-related information and engaged in daily activities. Moreover, alterations were made to care policies. Paying attention to the comprehensive health needs of pregnant women, including both physical and mental health, is imperative within the context of pandemic-related health services.
Sohbat Safaie, Seyedeh Fatemeh Ghasemi, Fatemeh Valizadeh, Rasool Mohammadi,
Volume 29, Issue 3 (10-2023)
Abstract
Background & Aim: Pressure ulcers pose a serious and anticipated challenge within the health system. The present study aimed to determine the incidence of pressure ulcer and associated factors among children and newborns.
Methods & Materials: In this cohort study a sample size of 1025 children aged 0 to 14 years hospitalized in two medical training centers affiliated with Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, were included. The sampling method employed was convenience sampling, conducted between March and July 2022. The data collection tools utilized in this study included a demographic information questionnaire, the Glasgow Coma Scale, National Pressure Ulcer Counseling Association classification, and Braden Q Scale. The data was analyzed using both univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses.
Results: The incidence rate of pressure ulcers was found to be 4.97% (51 people). In terms of severity, the majority of pressure ulcers were categorized as first grade, accounting for 82.14% (46 people), with the hand area being the most frequently affected site of ulceration, representing 35.71% (20 people). The factors exhibited a significantly higher relative risk of pressure ulcers in children and infants included consciousness level of less than 14 (RR=6.07, 2.90-12.73: 95%CI), hospitalization duration of more than five days (RR=1.08, 1.05-1.12: 95%CI), presence of respiratory problems (RR=2.17, 1.19-3.94: 95%CI), immobility (RR=6.46, 3.44-12.13: 95% CI), utilization of NCPAP mask (RR=1.11, 1.05-1.18: 95% CI), and pulse oximeter (RR=6.07, 1.03-1.10: 95% CI). In the multivariate analysis, hospitalization duration of more than five days (RR=4.89, 2.29-10.40: 95% CI, P<0.001) and immobility (RR=2.49, 1.29-6.29: 95% CI, P=0.01) were found to be significantly associated with an increased risk of pressure ulcers.
Conclusion: The incidence rate of pressure ulcers observed in the present study was relatively low, measuring below 5%. Notably, prolonged hospitalization duration and immobility were identified as the most important risk factors contributing to the development of pressure ulcers among children and infants. Moreover, the utilization of specific medical devices, especially angiocaths and NCPAP masks, as well as the presence of respiratory diseases emerged as additional significant factors associated with the occurrence of pressure ulcers.
Fateme Keshavarzian, Narges Arsalani, Mehrdad Naghikhani, Hamid Reza Farpour, Mohsen Vahedi,
Volume 29, Issue 3 (10-2023)
Abstract
Background & Aim: Knee osteoarthritis as a common chronic illness leading to disability, imposes numerous challenges on individuals in terms of daily living and self-care. Therefore, the implementation of tele-rehabilitation nursing interventions that foster patients' internal health locus of control and enhance the development of self-care behaviors may be useful. This study aimed to determine the effect of tele-nursing rehabilitation on the health locus of control in patients with knee osteoarthritis.
Methods & Materials: In this randomized clinical trial study, a total of 34 patients with knee osteoarthritis referred to the rehabilitation clinics affiliated with Shiraz University of Medical Sciences in 2022 were enrolled. The intervention group participated in an 8-session tele-rehabilitation nursing program, while the control group received standard routine care. The Multidimensional Health Locus of Control scale was administered to both groups on three separate occasions. The data were subjected to descriptive and inferential statistical analyses using SPSS software version 26.
Results: According to the results from a two-way repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA), a statistically significant difference was observed solely in the trend of changes in the mean score of internal belief between the two groups and over the study time period (P<0.001). Specifically, the scores of the intervention group exhibited a significant increase over time, surpassing those of the control group.
Conclusion: The implementation of tele-rehabilitation nursing care, which emphasizes patient responsibility for their internal health locus of control can improve self-care. Therefore, it is recommended that nurses employ this approach in managing additional chronic conditions.
Clinical trial registry: IRCT20220216054038N1
Farzaneh Miri, Ali Navidian, Nasrin Rezaee,
Volume 29, Issue 4 (1-2024)
Abstract
Background & Aim: A large number of drug users make attempts to cease drug use; however, a relapse tendency often emerges subsequent to the cessation period. The present study aimed to examine the effect of emotion regulation skill training on self-control and psychological distress among opioid-dependent people hospitalized at Zahedan Psychiatric Hospital.
Methods & Materials: This quasi-experimental study was conducted over the fourth quarter of the year 2022, focusing on 80 drug users who underwent treatment at Baharan Psychiatric Hospital in Zahedan. The participants were selected using convenience sampling and subsequently assigned to either the intervention group or the control group. The intervention group received a total of 10 sessions of training in emotion regulation skills. The self-control and psychological distress questionnaires were used to collect the data. The data were analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistical tests through SPSS software version 22.
Results: The mean and standard deviation of the psychological distress score among opioid addicts in both the intervention group (P<0.001) and the control group significantly decreased (P<0.005). To account for the significant effect of pre-test scores, an analysis of covariance test was conducted, indicating a statistically significant difference in the average psychological distress scores between the two groups after the intervention (P<0.001). Similarly, the self-control score in both the intervention and control groups showed a significant increase in mean and standard deviation (P<0.001). The analysis of covariance test, considering the significant effect of the pre-test scores, also showed a statistically significant difference in the average self-control score between the two groups after the intervention (P<0.001).
Conclusion: The findings showed that emotion regulation skills training among individuals with opioid dependency is associated with a significant decrease in psychological distress and a significant increase in self-control. Consequently, these findings suggest that such regulation may exert positive and inhibitory influences on behaviors contributing to the recurrence of substance use. In light of these findings, it is recommended to implement training programs focused on developing emotion regulation skills as a means to improve psychological distress and self-control among individuals undergoing addiction recovery.
Maryam Khodaverdi, Sharareh Khosravi, Somayeh Karimi, Fatemeh Rafie,
Volume 29, Issue 4 (1-2024)
Abstract
Background & Aim: Parents of children with autism face numerous challenges that hinder their social adjustment. Spiritual health emerges as a relevant components that can potentially enhance their social adjustment. The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the relationship between spiritual health and social adjustment among parents of children with autism.
Methods & Materials: This is a descriptive correlational study that investigates a sample of 194 parents of children with autism at Hekmat Autism Center in Borujerd and Yekta Autism Center in Khorramabad, during the period of March 2021 to April 2021. To collect data, a demographic information questionnaire, the Paloutzian and Ellison spiritual health questionnaire, and the personal resource questionnaire were employed. Data analysis was conducted using the SPSS software version 26, utilizing the Chi-square test, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), and Pearson's correlation coefficient.
Results: There was a statistically significant relationship between the scores of spiritual health (82.03±17.68) and social adjustment (78.52±15.59) among the parents (r=0.572, P=0.0001). The parents with low spiritual health had a mean social adjustment score of 65±0, while those with moderate spiritual health had a mean score of 76.63±15.76, and parents with high spiritual health had a mean score of 89.19±9.45. These results indicate that there was a statistically significant difference in the mean scores of social adjustment across different levels of spiritual health (P<0.001).
Conclusion: There was a significant correlation between spiritual health and social adjustment among parents of children with autism, suggesting that higher levels of spiritual health were associated with increased social adjustment. To enhance the social adjustment of these parents, it is advisable to implement appropriate planning aimed at improving their spiritual health.
Mahmoud Nekoei Moghadam, Mohammad Hossein Mehrolhassani, Rohaneh Rahimisadegh, Azam Parvaz,
Volume 29, Issue 4 (1-2024)
Abstract
Background & Aim: Given the importance of the emergency department in providing prompt and high-quality services, the emphasis on lean management has increased to minimize non-value-added and wasteful activities within a process. The aim of the study was to determine the process of patient flow and identify opportunities for its improvement using the Six Sigma method as one of the most important subsystems of lean management, in the emergency department of the selected teaching hospital in Kerman.
Methods & Materials: The current research is a sequential mixed-method study conducted in 2022 within the cardiovascular and neurological emergency department in Kerman. The Six Sigma method, specifically the DMAIC approach consisting of four steps, was employed in conjunction with spaghetti charts to implement lean management principles. The research population included 180 patients referred to the cardiovascular and neurological emergency department. The data were collected using researcher-developed forms, and Excel software version 2013 was used to analyze the data.
Results: By examining the processes and using the spaghetti chart, the main problems contributing to prolonged patient admission time in the cardiology and neurology emergency department were identified. The implementation of a strategy involving the presence of admission staff during triage for level 1 to 3 patients will eliminate the additional distance and time required for patient admission.
Conclusion: The use of lean thinking principles in the emergency department with the implementation of Lean Six Sigma and Spaghetti Chart by streamlining the service process, will result in improving patient flow, providing timely quality services, reducing service delivery time, and ultimately increasing patient satisfaction.
Zohreh Parsaeian, Nasrin Nikpeyma, Mohammad Salehpoor Emran, Farshad Sharifi, Shahzad Pashaeypoor,
Volume 29, Issue 4 (1-2024)
Abstract
Background & Aim: The main care need of patients with myocardial infarction (MI) is continuous care, presenting an important challenge in the field of nursing care. Therefore, This study aimed to evaluate the effect of nurse-led home-based cardiac rehabilitation on adherence to therapeutic regimens in patients with MI.
Methods & Materials: In this randomized clinical trial study, 80 eligible patients were selected through convenience sampling from selected hospitals affiliated with Tehran University of Medical Sciences in 2020-2021. Subsequently, they were randomly allocated to either the intervention or control groups. The control group received routine education upon hospital discharge, whereas the intervention group participated in a nurse-led cardiac rehabilitation program conducted both in-person at home and online, comprising four 90-minute sessions once a week, and were monitored for two months. Participants completed socio-demographic and treatment compliance questionnaires before and three months after the intervention. The collected data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics with SPSS software version 20.
Results: Both groups were homogeneous in most demographic variables (P>0.05). The mean and standard deviation of treatment adherence scores before the intervention in the intervention and control groups were 70.82±7.91 and 67.94±11.20, respectively (P=0.015). After the intervention, these values changed to 75.10±6.13 and 68.77±10.12, respectively, with a statistically significant difference observed between the two groups (P<0.001).
Conclusion: The results revealed that nurse-led home-based cardiac rehabilitation was effective in enhancing treatment adherence. Therefore, it is suggested that cardiac rehabilitation care be consistently extended to the home setting.
Clinical trial registry: IRCT20201006048953N
Mahdi Shafiee Sabet, Fatemeh Bahramnezhad, Nahid Dehghan Nayeri,
Volume 29, Issue 4 (1-2024)
Abstract
According to a global report, 47 million people are currently living with dementia, and due to the aging population, its prevalence is expected to triple by 2050. In the future, Iran is expected to experience a significant increase in the elderly population. Currently, in Iran, the prevalence of dementia among individuals over 60 years old is 7.9%. Therefore, this group represents a significant population that warrants further research (1).
The best understanding and explanation of human experiences come from first-hand sources, specifically from people who have experienced those phenomena. Therefore, reliable research sources place great emphasis on including the voices of these individuals (2). Qualitative research out for its collaborative, inclusive, and flexible structure, enabling the exploration of complex issues, including mixed or ambiguous attitudes (2). It can reveal the profound experiences and core values of people with cognitive impairment that may not emerge in quantitative studies. Additionally, qualitative research excels in vividly portraying these experiences and values (3).
Throughout history, people with cognitive impairments have been marginalized from engagement in health and social research, resulting in their voices being inadequately represented in such studies. (2, 4). Instead, their perspectives have been channeled through their legal representatives or guardians, a practice that often entails constraints. These limitations include the inability to accurately predict the patient's decision-making process, the amount and manner of information provided, and the weight of decision-making responsibility placed on them (5).
Furthermore, excluding these individuals from the research process can dehumanize them and perpetuate negative stereotypes about people with cognitive disorders. This also contributes to power imbalances (2). Therefore, it is crucial to develop strategies that ensure the safe participation of these individuals in research endeavors. Through these efforts, we can improve our understanding of policy and measures aimed at promoting health and well-being (6).
Mohammad Ali Yadegary, Akram Motalebi, Ali Aghajanloo,
Volume 29, Issue 4 (1-2024)
Abstract
Background & Aim: Social networks have become an integral part of most people's lives, exerting influence across all aspects of human existence. During the COVID-19 pandemic, virtual networks played a significant role in informing, educating and disseminating news related to the disease. Therefore, the aim of this research is to explain the role of virtual networks in adhering to COVID-19 health protocols.
Methods & Materials: This is a qualitative study that was conducted using the content analysis method. Fourteen participants were included in the study by purposive sampling. Data collection was carried out via semi-structured interviews. The data analysis procedure adhered to the method outlined by Graneheim and Lundman (2004).
Results: From the analysis of the interviews, three main categories and eight subcategories were identified, including "facilitating knowledge sharing", "information screening" and "behavior shaping".
Conclusion: The study findings explained the role of virtual networks in adhering to health protocols. These findings can be used as a basis for designing preventive health programs.
Tahereh Abdian, Fatemeh Ebrahimi, Sareh Ghorbani, Najmeh Abedishargh,
Volume 29, Issue 4 (1-2024)
Abstract
Background & Aim: Breast cancer is the most common type of cancer in the world, imposing significant physical problems and psychological burdens on sufferers. Education is one of the ways to reduce the psychological problems of these patients. Therefore, the current study was conducted to compare the efficacy of Acceptance and Commitment Training (ACT) and Positive Psychology (PP) in enhancing the mental health and resilience among women with breast cancer.
Methods & Materials: This study employed a two-group quasi-experimental design with a pretest-posttest design, involving 60 women with breast cancer at Khatamolanbia cancer center in Jahrom during 2020-2021. Participants were selected through convenience sampling and randomly assigned to either the Acceptance and Commitment Training group (focused on accepting uncontrollable factors and committing to enriching life) or the Positive Psychology group (emphasizing individual abilities and positive emotions). Prior to and one week following the sessions, participants completed questionnaires evaluating resilience and mental health. Data analysis was performed using MANCOVA with a significance level set at 0.05.
Results: Based on the MANCOVA findings, there was no statistically significant difference in resilience and mental health scores (F=2.318, P=0.110) between the two intervention groups after adjusting for pretest scores. However, clinically significant improvements were observed in mental health and resilience for 75% and 42% of the ACT group, and 65% and 46% of the Positive Psychology group, respectively.
Conclusion: According to the findings, both group therapies, ACT and Positive Psychology, are effective in enhancing resilience and mental health in breast cancer patients. These findings provide more opportunities for healthcare providers to tailor interventions to the characteristics of caregivers and the personality characteristics of the patients.
Amir Musarezaie, Soheila Pezeshkzad, Sayyed Abbas Hosseini, Mohammad Javad Tarrahi, Meysam Rezazadeh,
Volume 29, Issue 4 (1-2024)
Abstract
Background & Aim: The misuse of opioids is one of the most important problems in today's world, directly affecting the quality sleep for individuals. This study sought to explore the effect of a nursing care program, based on Roy's adaptation model, on the sleep quality of patients undergoing methadone maintenance treatment.
Methods & Materials: This randomized, single-blind clinical trial was conducted between December 2022 and March 2023, involving 60 opioid abuse patients undergoing methadone maintenance treatment at the Addiction Reduction Center in Isfahan. Convenience sampling was employed, with participants allocated randomly using random sequence generation software into the intervention group (n=30) and the control group (n=30). Data was collected using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Questionnaire. The intervention comprised a three-month nursing care program based on Roy's adaptation model, while the control group received routine treatments. Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 26 software, utilizing descriptive and inferential statistics.
Results: The results showed a significant decrease in the total average score of sleep quality in the intervention group after the intervention, indicating an improvement in sleep quality (P<0.001). Before the intervention, there was no statistically significant difference in the total average score of sleep quality between the intervention and control groups (P>0.05); however, a significant difference was observed after the intervention (P<0.001).
Conclusion: The findings indicate that the nursing care program based on Roy's adaptation model is effective in improving the sleep quality of patients undergoing methadone maintenance treatment. Therefore, this model can provide a promising framework for delivering care to such patients.
Clinical trial registry: IRCT20141127020108N6
Zeinab Siami, Mostafa Taheri,
Volume 30, Issue 1 (3-2024)
Abstract
Background & Aim: Family caregivers of COVID-19 patients in the Intensive Care Units (ICUs) face numerous challenges that can affect their well-being. Spiritual health represents a crucial component for coping with such stressful conditions. Therefore, this study aims to determine the relationship between spiritual health and attitude towards death in family caregivers of COVID-19 patients post-discharge from the ICUs.
Methods & Materials: This descriptive-correlational study conducted between April and November 2021, focused on family caregivers of COVID-19 patients discharged from the ICUs. The sample comprised 260 family caregivers selected through convenience and purposive sampling methods. Data collection tools included a demographic and clinical questionnaire, Polotzin and Ellison's Spiritual Health Questionnaire, and Wong's Death Attitude Questionnaire. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 24 encompassed chi-square tests, one-way analysis of variance and Spearman correlation coefficient.
Results: The results showed a significant inverse relationship between total spiritual health score and the total score of attitude towards death (rs=-0.101, P<0.05). The attitude towards death findings revealed fear as the highest scoring dimension, with active acceptance scoring the lowest. Moreover, religious health exhibited a significant inverse relationship with avoidance of death (rs=-0.93) and fear of death (rs=-0.64, P<0.05).
Conclusion: The study highlighted an inverse relationship between the level of religious health and negative dimensions of attitude towards death. Individuals with higher religious health scores exhibited lower average scores for negative attitudes towards death, including fear and avoidance of death. This underscores the importance of emphasizing the religious dimension within families, and among patients discharged from the ICU, showcasing the role of religion in mitigating negative attitudes towards death.
Elnaz Asghari, Melisa Shakeri, Kobra Parvan, Parvin Sarbakhsh, Arefeh Davoodi,
Volume 30, Issue 1 (3-2024)
Abstract
Background & Aim: Stroke, as the primary and most critical cerebrovascular condition, is known as a leading cause of disability and mortality. Timely and appropriate care plays an important role in reducing death and associated complications. The purpose of this research is to assess the knowledge and adherence of emergency nurses to tissue plasminogen activator guidelines for patients with stroke.
Methods & Materials: In this descriptive study, a random quota sampling method was employed to select participants. A total of 170 emergency department nurses in Tabriz hospitals in 2023 self-administered knowledge and adherence scales. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 26, employing t-test, one-way ANOVA and Pearson’s correlation coefficient.
Results: The mean (SD) age of the nurses was 34.24±6.57 years, with a majority (101 nurses, 59.4%) having completed courses on the process and activation of Code-724. The mean scores for nurses' knowledge and adherence to tissue plasminogen activator guidelines were 52.67±10.37 (range score: 0-100) and 68.14±5.18 (range score: 15-75), respectively. A positive yet weak relationship was observed between nurses' knowledge and adherence to the guidelines (r=0.263, P=0.332). No significant association was found between nurses' socio-demographic characteristics and their knowledge and adherence scores (P>0.05).
Conclusion: The findings revealed suboptimal scores in nurses' knowledge and adherence to tissue plasminogen activator guidelines for stroke patients. Given the importance of adequate knowledge for adherence to guidelines, it is suggested to implement essential training and supervision measures for nurses.
Hassan Askari, Hanie Dahmardeh, Ali Navidian, Mostafa Parsa,
Volume 30, Issue 1 (3-2024)
Abstract
Background & Aim: Self-efficacy disruption poses a significant challenge for patients with a stoma, affecting their ability to engage in community life and carry out daily activities. Utilizing remote training methods for patients presents an opportunity to maximize the use of these resources. This study aims to determine the effect of a telenursing-based training program on the self-efficacy of patients with a stoma.
Methods & Materials: This quasi-experimental study involved a convenient sample of 80 patients with a stoma in Zahedan in 2023, who were randomly assigned to two groups: intervention and control, each comprising 40 participants. The intervention group received the telenursing-based program application. Self-efficacy was assessed using the self-efficacy of stoma patients questionnaire before the intervention, as well as one and three months after the intervention. Data were analyzed using Chi-square test and a two-way repeated measures analysis of variance through SPSS software version 26.
Results: The intervention group exhibited a mean (SD) age of 42.84±12.98 years, while the control group had a mean (SD) age of 46.26±11.89 years (P=0.320). The self-efficacy total scores in the intervention group showed values of 69.75±8.05 before the intervention, 77.28±7.57 at one month, and 92.72±6.43 at three months post-intervention, suggesting a significant effect of the telenursing-based training on self-efficacy levels (P<0.001).
Conclusion: The results of the present study show the effect of the telenursing training program on improving self-efficacy levels in patients with stoma. Therefore, it is recommended to implement such programs to support this patient population.
Tamara Dargahi, Roghieh Bayrami, Alireza Didarloo, Leila Reisy,
Volume 30, Issue 1 (3-2024)
Abstract
Background & Aim: The high prevalence of cesarean section in most developed countries, exceeding 50%, has led to detrimental effects on maternal and child health. Vaginal birth after cesarean (VBAC) is a beneficial way to reduce cesarean rates. This study aimed to determine the effect of theory of planned behavior-based training on the intention and behavior of VBAC in pregnant women with previous cesarean section.
Methods & Materials: In this randomized controlled trial study, a convenience sample of 70 pregnant women with a history of cesarean section, referred to comprehensive health centers in Ardabil in 2020, were randomly assigned to either the intervention or control group. The intervention group received four weekly education sessions based on the theory of planned behavior structures, while the control group received standard care. Data were collected using a researcher-developed questionnaire at three time points: before, immediately after, and four weeks after the intervention. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS software version 16, employing independent t-test, Fisher’s exact test, chi-square test, and repeated measures ANOVA at a 95% confidence level.
Results: Repeated measures ANOVA revealed significant differences in mean scores of attitude, subjective norm, perceived behavior control, intention, and awareness over time between the intervention and control groups (P<0.001). However, the educational intervention did not lead to a behavior change.
Conclusion: Based on the findings, it is imperative for health planners to focus on providing organizational support and fostering a positive attitude among obstetricians and midwives to prioritize the implementation of VBAC.
Clinical trial registry: IRCT20200519047509N1
Akram Rahimi Shandiz, Fatemeh Zahra Karimi, Raziyeh Masoumi, Seyed Reza Mazlom,
Volume 30, Issue 1 (3-2024)
Abstract
Background & Aim: Considering that a decline in sexual satisfaction after assisted reproductive treatment failure can cause a decrease in the overall quality and satisfaction of life, the present study was conducted to compare the effect of sexual counseling based on EX-PLISSIT and BETTER models on the sexual satisfaction of infertile women following the failure of assisted reproductive technologies.
Methods & Materials: This randomized clinical trial, conducted in 2022, involved 66 infertile women who had experienced unsuccessful assisted reproductive treatments and were referred to the Milad Infertility Center of Imam Reza (AS) Hospital in Mashhad, Iran. The participants were divided into two intervention groups – EX-PLISSIT and BETTER – and received individual sexual counseling across four weekly sessions, comprising two face-to-face and two virtual sessions. Data were collected using the Sexual Satisfaction Scale for Women (SSSW) and subsequently analyzed using SPSS software version 25, through chi-square, independent t-tests, Mann-Whitney, and Wilcoxon tests.
Results: After the intervention, there were no statistically significant differences in the total scores of sexual satisfaction and its components between the two groups (P>0.05), with the exception of relational anxiety (P=0.021). Intra-group comparisons revealed a significant increase in the total scores of sexual satisfaction and its components within each group after the intervention, as compared to before the intervention (P<0.05).
Conclusion: Sexual counseling utilizing the EX-PLISSIT and BETTER models was found to be an effective, affordable, and side-effect-free method in enhancing sexual satisfaction among infertile women after the failure of assisted reproductive methods, particularly by addressing relational anxiety.
Clinical trial registry: IRCT20210211050324N1
Salar Majidi Sakani, Jamileh Amirzadeh Iranagh, Hamidreza Khalkhali, Behrouz Fathi, Alireza Didarloo,
Volume 30, Issue 1 (3-2024)
Abstract
Background & Aim: Osteoporosis is a common problem in menopausal women, and adopting preventive behaviors is crucial in addressing this issue. The purpose of the study is to evaluate the effect of an educational intervention based on the health belief model (HBM) on promoting osteoporosis-preventive behaviors in menopausal women.
Methods & Materials: This quasi-experimental study with a control group was conducted on 64 menopausal women referred to Urmia urban health centers in 2023. Participants were selected using random sampling and then randomly allocated into two groups: control (32) and intervention (32). The data collection instruments included questionnaires comprising demographic information, knowledge assessments, Health Belief Model constructs, food frequency, and physical activity items. Following pre-test evaluations and needs assessment, a training program was designed and delivered to the intervention group. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS software version 26.
Results: The mean scores for knowledge, perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived benefits, perceived self-efficacy, and cues to action in the intervention group significantly increased compared to both the pre-intervention assessment and the control group. Conversely, there was a significant decrease in the mean score for perceived barriers (P<0.05). These changes resulted in a significant increase in the mean score for osteoporosis preventive behaviors within the intervention group (P<0.05).
Conclusion: Education based on the HBM has been effective in shaping the knowledge and health beliefs of menopausal women concerning osteoporosis and its preventive behaviors. Therefore, it is recommended that health educators incorporate the approaches and findings of this study when developing educational interventions related to osteoporosis.
Zahra Ghaderi Nasab, Parvin Mangolian Shahrbabaki, Hamid Sharifi,
Volume 30, Issue 2 (6-2024)
Abstract
Background & Aim: Medication non-adherence remains a significant problem in managing the global epidemic of hypertension. This study aimed to explore the factors affecting medication non-adherence from the perspectives of both patients with hypertension and healthcare providers in Mahan health centers, located in Kerman province.
Methods & Materials: This qualitative study utilized a conventional content analysis method within healthcare centers in Mahan city in 2022. A total of 29 participants were included in the study, selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected through in-depth semi-structured interviews, with all interviews being recorded, transcribed verbatim, and utilized as the primary data for analysis. The trustworthiness of data was evaluated in accordance with the criteria established by Guba and Lincoln criteria.
Results: Three categories of factors contributing to medication non-adherence among patients with hypertension were identified: ""nature of the disease and treatment," "individual and family factors," and "organizational factors." Factors related to the "nature of the disease and treatment" included the asymptomatic and chronic nature of hypertension as well as fatigue stemming from continuous drug use. "Individual and family factors" encompassed fear and internal doubts, a desire for non-pharmacological treatments, and inadequate family support. "Organizational factors" comprised high treatment costs and access to specialized services, insufficient support from treatment and care teams, and inadequate disease monitoring.
Conclusion: Various factors across a spectrum of influences contribute to medication non-adherence in patients with hypertension. It is crucial for healthcare providers to engage in consistent patient education regarding the nature of the condition and the importance of medication adherence to enhance compliance among patients.
Seyedeh Fatemeh Ghasemi, Atefeh Jadidi, Fatemeh Valizadeh, Rasool Mohammadi, Fatemeh Janani, Hanieh Goodarzi,
Volume 30, Issue 2 (6-2024)
Abstract
Background & Aim: Intramuscular injections represent a painful procedure for premature infants. This study aimed to compare the effects of pressure massage at Hegu point versus Kunlun–Taixi pressure points on pulse rate, arterial oxygen saturation, and crying duration following intramuscular injection of vitamin K in premature infants.
Methods & Materials: A randomized, single-blind clinical trial was conducted on 100 premature infants admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit between 2020 and 2021. Participants were selected through convenience sampling and then randomly assigned into four groups of 25 individuals each: Hegu point massage, Kunlun–Taixi points simultaneous massage, placebo and control. Prior to the vitamin K injection, the intervention groups received targeted pressure point massage, the placebo group received nasal tip massages, and the control group received standard care. Pulse rate, arterial oxygen saturation, and crying duration were recorded before, during and after the intramuscular injection using a pulse oximeter and chronometer. Data were analyzed using two-way repeated measures analysis of variance in SPSS software version 24.
Results: Significant differences were observed in average pulse rate (P=0.013) and average arterial oxygen saturation (P=0.028). The group receiving simultaneous massage at Kunlun–Taixi points exhibited the lowest mean pulse rates during (149.24±7.78) and after (144.16±8.64) the injection, as well as the highest mean arterial oxygen saturation percentages during (88.36±9.37) and after (88.04±8.33) the injection.
Conclusion: Simultaneous massage of Kunlun–Taixi pressure points reduced changes in pulse rate and arterial oxygen saturation induced by intramuscular injection in premature infants. It is recommended to use this simple and low-priced method to reduce the physiological responses to injection-related pain in premature newborns.
Clinical trial registry: IRCT20210630051743N1
Shokoh Varaei, Fatemeh Tolouei, Leila Nezamabadi Farahani, Parvin Mahmoodi,
Volume 30, Issue 2 (6-2024)
Abstract
Background & Aim: In the health care system, manpower recognized as a key factor for development, has an important role in community health. Ensuring the quality of service delivery necessitates the maintenance and enhancement of job satisfaction among service providers. One influential aspect of job satisfaction is the individual’s happiness. This study aimed to determine the correlation between job satisfaction and happiness among nurses working in hospitals affiliated to Tehran University of Medical Sciences.
Methods & Materials: This descriptive-correlational study was conducted with a sample of 362 nurses from hospitals affiliated to Tehran University of Medical Sciences. Sampling was performed using a quota sampling method. The data collection tools included a socio-demographic characteristics questionnaire, a Job Satisfaction Questionnaire, and a Happiness Questionnaire. Data were analyzed using Kendall Tau-b correlation and Pearson correlation, with SPSS software version 26.
Results: The mean score for nurses' job satisfaction was 217.40, while the mean score for happiness was 69.27, with both scores indicating an average level. The results of the study revealed a significant positive relationship between job satisfaction and happiness (r=0.614, P<0.05), indicating that happier nurses tend to have higher job satisfaction, whereas lower job satisfaction is associated with decreased happiness.
Conclusion: Nurses’ job satisfaction and happiness are not at optimal levels. However, a positive correlation between the two has been identified. Therefore, healthcare system administrators and officials should focus on creating essential infrastructure and planning initiatives to enhance nurses’ job satisfaction, ultimately fostering greater happiness among nursing staff.
