Showing 732 results for Type of Study: Research
Ehsan Aghajanzadeh Omrani, Flora Rahimaghaee, Ameneh Khalatbari,
Volume 30, Issue 2 (6-2024)
Abstract
Background & Aim: Rumination is a prevalent issue among medical science students, potentially affecting their academic performance. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of Mandala therapy in reducing rumination among medical science students at the Islamic Azad University, Tonekabon branch.
Methods & Materials: This quasi-experimental study employed a pre-test, post-test design with a control group. A total of 40 medical students from the Islamic Azad University, Tonekabon branch, who exhibited signs of rumination participated in the study in 2023. Participants were selected through convenience sampling and randomly assigned to either the experimental group (20 participants) or the control group (20 participants). The intervention consisted of four 60-minute sessions of Mandala therapy. Data were collected using the Nolen-Hoeksema and Morrow's rumination questionnaire. Descriptive statistics and analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) were performed using SPSS version 26 to analyze the data.
Results: Demographic analysis indicated no significant differences between the experimental and control groups concerning gender, age, or semester (P<0.001). The ANCOVA results revealed that the Mandala Therapy intervention significantly reduced the rumination scores of the experimental group compared to the control group (P<0.005).
Conclusion: The results suggest that rumination levels in the experimental group decreased significantly following the intervention compared to the control group. Therefore, Mandala therapy may serve as an effective non-pharmacological approach for mitigating rumination among medical science students.
Javad Malekzadeh, Mahsa Quchani, Ahmad Bagheri Moghadam, Tahereh Sadeghi, Mohammad Rajabpour,
Volume 30, Issue 2 (6-2024)
Abstract
Background & Aim: With advancements in treatment and an increase in the prevalence of diseases, the number of patients requiring mechanical ventilation in intensive care units (ICUs) continues to rise each year. The ABCDE bundle is a multi-component, evidence-based approach designed to improve patient outcomes in the ICU. This study aimed to determine the effect of the ABCDE bundle on the risk of pressure ulcers, deep vein thrombosis and delirium in patients undergoing mechanical ventilation.
Methods & Materials: This randomized, single-blind clinical trial was conducted between September 2021 and January 2022. The sample included 100 patients undergoing mechanical ventilation in the ICU department of Imam Reza Hospital in Mashhad, who were randomly assigned to either the intervention or control group using block randomization. The intervention group received the ABCDE bundle over a period of 7 days. The control group received routine care. The criteria for assessing complications included the risk of pressure ulcers and deep vein thrombosis (DVT), evaluated at the end of the intervention and on days 0, 1, 3, 5, and 7. The study utilized several assessment tools: the COMHON Index for pressure ulcers, the Wells Deep Vein Thrombosis Scale, and the Delirium Evaluation Tool in the Intensive Care Unit (CAM-ICU). Data analysis was performed using SPSS software version 20, employing chi-square, Mann-Whitney, and independent t-tests.
Results: A decrease in the average pressure ulcer risk score was observed in the intervention group on day seven (P<0.05). In this group, the incidence of delirium fell decreased from 64.4% to 13.3% (P<0.05), indicating a statistically significant reduction. Additionally, the risk score for deep vein thrombosis in the control group significantly increased on day seven compared to the intervention group (P<0.05).
Conclusion: The use of the ABCDE bundle significantly reduces the risk of pressure ulcers, deep vein thrombosis, and delirium in patients undergoing mechanical ventilation and represents an effective strategy that can be implemented by nurses and other trained healthcare professionals.
Clinical trial registry: IRCT20190625044000N1
Kobra Akhoundzadeh, Sakineh Shafia, Zahra Abedini, Ashraf Khoramirad,
Volume 30, Issue 2 (6-2024)
Abstract
Background & Aim: Electrocardiography (ECG) is the most widely utilized diagnostic tool in medicine. However, nursing students often have problems with interpreting ECGs, highlighting the need for revised training methods. This study aimed to assess the effect of ECG drawing assignments on nursing students' learning and their perspectives on this teaching method in the context of a critical care nursing course.
Methods & Materials: This quasi-experimental study involved 52 fifth-semester BSc nursing students enrolled in the fall and spring terms at Qom University of Medical Sciences. For the fall group, traditional lectures and Q&A sessions were conducted during the first half of the semester, followed by an assignment requiring students to draw common ECGs in the second half. In contrast, for the spring group, students drew ECGs during the first half of the semester. Learning outcomes were assessed through a written test, while students’ perspectives on the drawing assignments were evaluated using a questionnaire. Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 22, employing Mann-Whitney and Wilcoxon tests to compare groups.
Results: The mean score from the perspective questionnaire regarding ECG drawing was 14.86±3.34 (maximum score of 18). In most cases, students had positive or relatively positive views towards this teaching method. A significant difference was observed between the course exam scores of students when they engaged in drawing ECGs compared to when they did not (P<0.001).
Conclusion: Drawing ECGs can be helpful in enhancing learning outcomes in the critical care nursing course and may increase students’ motivation to learn.
Khodayar Oshvandi, Armin Mohamadiparsa, Zahra Khalili, Leili Tapak, Massoud Ghiasian,
Volume 30, Issue 2 (6-2024)
Abstract
Background & Aim: Hypotension is a common complication associated with plasmapheresis. Elevating the legs and using elastic stockings are nursing interventions aimed at preventing hypotension. The objective of this study was to compare the effects of elastic stockings and leg elevation on the prevention of hypotension during plasmapheresis.
Methods & Materials: This randomized crossover clinical trial was conducted on 35 patients undergoing plasmapheresis at Beheshti Hospital in Hamadan from 2020 to 2021. Patients were selected based on convenience sampling and then allocated to four different methods in four sessions using random permuted block designs: elastic stockings (A), leg elevation (B), a combination of elastic stockings and leg elevation (C), and a control group (D). Blood pressure was monitored before, during (every half hour), and half an hour after the completion of plasmapheresis. Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 24, applying repeated measures ANOVA with a significance level of 0.05.
Results: During plasmapheresis, systolic blood pressure decreased over time in all four methods (P<0.001). Blood pressure measurements in intervention methods A, B, and C were higher than in the control group (P<0.001). Among the intervention methods, blood pressure in method C was higher than in methods A and B, while method B was higher than method A (P<0.001).
Conclusion: The use of elastic stockings in combination with leg elevation is more effective in preventing hypotension. Therefore, it is recommended as an easy and cost-effective method for preventing hypotension in patients undergoing plasmapheresis and for nursing staff to implement.
Clinical trial registry: IRCT20191020045166N1
Rasool Solaimani Moghaddam, Fatemeh Samiei, Tahereh Baloochi Beydokhti,
Volume 30, Issue 2 (6-2024)
Abstract
Background & Aim: Nurses, due to the demands of their profession, are frequently exposed to high-stress clinical situations, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, which can lead to moral distress and affect their resilience, ultimately contributing to job burnout. This study aims to investigate the relationship between moral distress, resilience, and burnout among nurses.
Methods & Materials: In this descriptive, cross-sectional study, 188 nurses working in hospitals affiliated with the Birjand University of Medical Sciences during the years 2021-2022 were selected through simple random sampling. The data collection tools included demographic information, the Moral Distress Scale, the Davidson Resilience Scale, and the Maslach Burnout Inventory. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics in SPSS software version 21.
Results: The results indicated that the nurses experienced low moral distress (30.28±12.59), high resilience (63.70±13.44), and high levels of burnout (54.98±12.30). A direct and significant relationship was found between moral distress and burnout, while a weak and significant inverse relationship was observed between moral distress and resilience (P<0.001).
Conclusion: Given the significant relationship between moral distress, resilience, and burnout, it is recommended that policymakers develop strategies to enhance resilience, which could lead to a reduction in moral distress and burnout among nurses.
Khadijeh Kalanfarmanfarma, Esmaeil Fakharian, Mojtaba Sehat, Faezeh Asgari Tarazoj, Soudabeh Yarmohammadi,
Volume 30, Issue 3 (9-2024)
Abstract
Background & Aim: Osteoporosis is a common condition in the elderly, contributing to fracture incidence and associated pain. This study aims to analyze trends in osteoporosis-related fractures within the elderly population from 2017 to 2021.
Methods & Materials: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in 2024 involving 448 elderly people over 60 who experienced pelvic, hip, distal hand, or spinal injuries during 2017-2021 in Kashan. Data were extracted from the National Trauma Registry of Iran, including demographic information, injury severity, and frequency of fractures. The data were analyzed using analysis of variance and chi-square tests, with a significance level set at P<0.05.
Results: Among the 448 participants, 244 were female (54.5%), with an average age exceeding 75 years among those diagnosed with osteoporosis. The most common fracture types included hip and pelvic fractures, affecting 331 individuals (73.9%), followed by distal hand fractures in 71 individuals (15.8%), and spinal fractures in 65 individuals (14.5%). The average injury severity score increased from 8.43±2.80 in 2017 to 8.96±2.77 in 2021. No significant changes were observed in the age distribution of the elderly population during this period; however, the proportion of males increased by approximately 6%.
Conclusion: The study results indicate a rising trend in hip fractures among the elderly in Kashan. To reduce fracture incidence, it is recommended to implement proactive screening for osteoporosis risk factors in this population.
Fatemeh Bahadori, Mahtab Attarha, Fatemeh Mehrabi Rezveh,
Volume 30, Issue 3 (9-2024)
Abstract
Background & Aim: Pregnant women experience physiological changes and may fear harming themselves or their fetus, leading some to avoid sexual intercourse during pregnancy. This avoidance can lead to sexual health issues. This study aimed to investigate the effect of reality therapy group counseling on the sexual function of pregnant women.
Methods & Materials: This interventional study was conducted with 80 pregnant women referred to health centers in Arak in 2019. Participants were selected through convenience sampling and randomly assigned to either the intervention group or the control group (40 participants in each group). The intervention group received eight sessions of reality therapy group counseling over four consecutive weeks, while the control group received routine prenatal care. Participants completed the standard Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) questionnaire before the intervention and four weeks after the sessions. Data was analyzed using SPSS software version 16, employing paired t-tests, independent t-tests, and the Mann-Whitney U test.
Results: There was no statistically significant difference in the mean score of sexual function between the two groups before the intervention (P=0.573). However, four weeks after the intervention, the mean score of sexual function in the intervention group (27.22±2.91) significantly increased compared to the control group (20.32±0.31) (P<0.001).
Conclusion: Implementing group sexual counseling based on the reality therapy approach can improve sexual performance among pregnant women. Thus, it is recommended that midwives employ this approach to improve the sexual function of pregnant women.
Arghavan Afra, Noorollah Tahery, Shima Seneysel Bachari, Masoud Torabpour Toroghi,
Volume 30, Issue 3 (9-2024)
Abstract
Background & Aim: Modern professional nursing necessitates the use of information technology to facilitate clinical decision-making and obtain optimal patient care outcomes. The aim of this study was to conduct a psychometric evaluation and adapt the Nursing Informatics Competency Self-Assessment tool for use in Iran.
Methods & Materials: The present research employed a descriptive and methodological design. Initially, the original tool was translated into Persian following a standardized procedure. Subsequent assessments of face and content validity were conducted through expert reviews and the calculation of the content validity index. Reliability was evaluated using both Cronbach's alpha and test-retest methods, including the calculation of the intraclass correlation coefficient. Data analysis was conducted using confirmatory factor analysis on a convenience sample of 300 nursing students from the School of Nursing and Midwifery at Abadan University of Medical Sciences, utilizing SPSS version 22 and LISREL version 8.8.
Results: The content validity index for all items exceeded the standard threshold of 0.79, indicating satisfactory validity scores for each item. The final version of the tool demonstrated acceptable reliability with a Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.898 and an intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.893. Confirmatory factor analysis indicated the fitness of a five-factor structure for the Persian version of the tool. Standardized factor loadings showed a good fit and satisfactory construct validity for the tool within the Iranian context.
Conclusion: The Persian version of the Nursing Informatics Competency Self-Assessment Tool exhibits acceptable psychometric properties within the Iranian nursing population and is recommended for use as a credible instrument in nursing practice.
Fatemeh Bahramnezhad, Mahdi Shafiee Sabet, Nahid Dehghan Nayeri,
Volume 30, Issue 3 (9-2024)
Abstract
As explained in the first part, the acquisition of firsthand experiences is an essential element of qualitative research for uncovering and enriching study findings. However, individuals with cognitive disorders are often excluded due to various challenges. In these cases, researchers may rely on caregivers or close associates to understand their feelings and views. This approach not only reduces these individuals to mere objects but also presents ethical dilemmas, thereby impacting the depth and richness of study findings (1). Given that the methods of data collection significantly impacts the results of studies (2), it is imperative for qualitative researchers to strive towards directly gathering information from the individuals themselves. Understanding the experiences of people with cognitive impairments is crucial for providing evidence-based services. However, these patients often encounter challenges such as speech difficulties (3), ‘pseudo-reminiscences’ (4-6), mood fluctuations and behavioral problems (7), and other issues. Therefore, researchers should take into consideration certain factors when conducting interviews with these individuals as in-depth interviews aim to gain a deeper understanding of participants' life experiences (8,9). These interviews require specialized skills across various stages, encompassing the development of interview guides, participant recruitment, obtaining consent, conducting effective interviews, data analysis and interpretation, and proficient communication and dissemination of research findings. This section delves into the key aspects of each of these phases. During interviews, it is important to prioritize the well-being of both the researcher and the participant while reflecting on and ensuring the depth and richness of the interview content (6).
Zahra Fotokian, Sobhan Rahimi Esbo, Zahra Jannat Alipour, Ali Pourhabib, Fatemeh Ghaffari, Mojtaba Qanbari Qalesari, Shahrbanoo Keyhanian, Mohsen Vakili Sadeghi,
Volume 30, Issue 3 (9-2024)
Abstract
Background & Aim: Post-treatment follow-up care for breast cancer is crucial in reducing mortality rates, minimizing treatment costs, and enhancing patients' quality of life. This study aims to identify the psychosocial factors affecting post-treatment follow-up care in breast cancer patients.
Methods & Materials: This descriptive-analytical study involved 180 breast cancer patients from Babol and other cities of western Mazandaran province. Participants were selected using a simple random sampling method between 2021 and 2022. Data were collected through personal information questionnaires, the Zigmond Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, the Psychological Distress Thermometer, the Fear of Cancer Recurrence Scale, and a post-treatment breast cancer follow-up care checklist. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS version 18, employing descriptive and inferential statistical methods.
Results: The average age of the participants was 51.49 years (SD=12.01). The mean and standard deviation scores for depression, anxiety, and psychological distress were 6.16±2.71, 10.70±4.13, and 5.98±2.54, respectively. The results showed that individuals with higher levels of anxiety, depression, psychological distress, and fear of recurrence are less likely to engage in follow-up care (P<0.05).
Conclusion: The results suggest that health policymakers should address the psychological challenges faced by breast cancer patients. Specifically, providing insurance coverage for the screening and treatment of mental health problems may improve mental well-being, encourage self-care behaviors, and promote overall health.
Fatemeh Torabi, Nezal Azh, Reza Zeighami, Mehdi Ranjbaran,
Volume 30, Issue 3 (9-2024)
Abstract
Background & Aim: Adolescence is characterized by social, emotional, and physical development, during which aggression emerges as a significant psychological risk factor. This study was designed to compare the effects of puberty counseling for mothers and adolescents on the aggression levels of female adolescents.
Methods & Materials: This field trial was conducted with 92 participants divided into three groups: two intervention groups (mothers and adolescents) and one control group. The study was carried out in schools in Qazvin in 2023, with data collected before and after the intervention. Sampling was conducted using a multi-stage random sampling method, and participants were randomly allocated into three groups across six blocks. Each intervention group attended six one-hour face-to-face sessions, while the control group received no intervention. Data were collected using the Novaco Aggression Questionnaire and analyzed with multivariate covariance analysis in SPSS software version 25.
Results: The mean aggression scores before the intervention were 50.10±21.68 for the girls’ group, 57.10±93.32 for the mothers’ group, and 54.56±10.61 for the control group (P=0.018). After the intervention, the scores were 37.68±10.16 for the girls’ group, 43.14±76.66 for the mothers’ group, and 49.60±16.11 for the control group, showing a statistically significant difference (P=0.014). Additionally, the intervention had a significant overall effect on reducing the total aggression score (P=0.020), with an effect size estimated at 0.09 based on Partial Eta Squared.
Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that puberty education for mothers, as well as for adolescents, can effectively reduce aggression levels in female adolescents.
Amir Musarezaie, Mohammad Javad Tarrahi, Masoumeh Sadeghi, Sedigheh Farzi, Tahere Momeni-Ghale Ghasemi, Amir Hossein Saeidi, Maryam Sadat Shahshahani,
Volume 30, Issue 3 (9-2024)
Abstract
Background & Aim: The evidence shows that prehypertension is related to an increased risk of cardiovascular complications. This study aims to determine the effect of lavender inhalation aromatherapy on systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP & DBP) in people with prehypertension in Isfahan.
Methods & Materials: This two-group quasi-experimental study was conducted in 2023, involving 70 prehypertensive patients selected from comprehensive health service centers in Isfahan. Participants were selected through convenience sampling and were randomly assigned to either the experimental or control group. The intervention included inhalation aromatherapy using two drops of 100% pure lavender essential oil for 20 minutes in a single session. Blood pressure measurements were taken before, immediately after, and 10 and 20 minutes post-intervention under standardized conditions. The control group received routine health center training. Data analysis was performed using SPSS software version 26, employing descriptive and inferential statistics, including repeated measures analysis of variance (RMA) and analysis of covariance (ANCOVA), with a significance level set at 0.05.
Results: The results of the RMA indicated a significant interaction between time and group for both SBP (P<0.001) and DBP (P<0.001). Also, the intergroup effect for SBP was significant (P<0.001), demonstrating that the intervention group experienced a significantly greater reduction in average SBP compared to the control group. Intra-group analysis revealed a significant decrease in SBP before and after aromatherapy in the intervention group (P<0.001). In contrast, the control group did not show a significant change (P=0.068). Unlike SBP, the intergroup analysis for DBP did not yield significant results (P=0.141).
Conclusion: Considering the rising trend of high blood pressure and its widespread complications, along with the positive effects of aromatherapy as a cost-effective and accessible intervention, lavender inhalation aromatherapy is recommended as a complementary treatment strategy in conjunction with other methods.
