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Background & Aim: Women's health is important in middle age, and lifestyle, including healthy eating, has an impact on it. This research was aimed to determine the effect of an educational program based on BASNEF model on nutrition in middle-aged women.
Methods & Materials: This clinical trial was conducted on 95 women under coverage of the healthcare centers affiliated to Tehran University of Medical Sciences in 2016. The demographic characterizes and the BASNEF constructs regarding nutritional behavior were measured by questionnaire before and eight weeks after the intervention. The intervention was performed in three one-hour sessions. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, Chi-square and Mann-Whitney U tests using the SPSS software version 16.
Results: Before the intervention, both groups had not any significant differences in all variables and constructs. After the intervention, in the experimental group, the median and interquartile range were 10±3 for knowledge, 38±10 for attitude, 3±1 for subjective norms and 1±1 for behavioral intention. But in the control group, the scores were 6±2 for knowledge, 37±5 for attitude, 4±1 for subjective norms and 1±1 for behavioral intention. There was a significant difference between the two groups (P˂0.05). However, the scores of enabling factors were not significantly different between the two groups of intervention (3±1) and control (3±1) (P=0.4).
Conclusion: Designing and implementing the educational program based on BASNEF model not only can improve the knowledge and attitude about healthy nutrition in middle-aged women, but also modify their behavioral intention.
Clinical trial registry: IRCT2016042427566N1
 

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Background & Aim: Efforts to improve self-care in patients with heart failure provide better treatment outcomes and longer life expectancy. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of a caring program based on Pender model on health-promoting self-care behaviors in patients with heart failure.
Methods & Materials: In this single-blind randomized controlled trial, 48 patients with class II or III heart failure, referred to Golestan hospital in Tehran in 2017-2018, were recruited by the purposive sampling method and were randomly assigned to an intervention or a control group. For the intervention group, a caring program based on the Pender Health Promotion Model was conducted in six sessions. Data were collected by the Health Promoting Lifestyle Profile and the Self-Care Heart Failure Index, before and after the intervention. Descriptive and inferential statistical tests were used to analyze the data by the SPSS software version 16.
Results: The mean scores of the dimensions (except self-actualization) and the total score of health-promoting behaviors and self-care in the intervention group were higher than in the control group after the intervention (P<0.05). In addition, after the intervention, the mean scores of the dimensions and the total score of health-promoting behaviors and self-care significantly increased in the intervention group (P<0.05).
Conclusion: Implementing a caring program based on Pender model increases the self-care and health-promoting behaviors of patients with heart failure. Therefore, application of this caring program is recommended for this group of patients.
Clinical trial registry: IRCT20150801023446N17
 

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Background & Aim: Physical activity is a health behavior that helps one's mental and general health, improves the health of women during preconception period and reduces pregnancy and birth complications. The aim of this study was to predict physical activity based on the BASNEF model constructs during preconception period among women referred to Uremia health centers.
Methods & Materials: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 230 women during preconception period, who were selected using the multistage sampling method in 2018. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire containing sociodemographic information, the BASNEF model constructs, and a short form of the international physical activity questionnaire. Data were analyzed using logistic and linear regression and t-test through the SPSS software version 16.
Results: The results showed that 61.3% of women had low levels of physical activity. Knowledge (β=0.2, P<0.003), attitude (β=0.15, P<0.017), and enabling factors (β=0.18, P<0.004) significantly explained their intention to do physical activity. Also, among the predictive variables, knowledge (P<0.001) significantly explained physical activity.
Conclusion: Low rate of women's physical activity during preconception period calls for designing an intervention based on BASNEF model in order to influence knowledge, attitude and enabling factors.
 

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Background & Aim: Self-control is the capacity to organize cognitive and emotional responses in order to provide continuous and adaptive behavior with ideal standards for long-term goals. Due to the high levels of care burden of patients with chronic disease, this study aims to explain the concept of self-control in the family caregivers of patients with chronic disease based on the family-centered empowerment model.
Methods & Materials: Data were collected through in-depth, semi-structured interviews with 26 participants (19 caregivers, four nurses and three patients with chronic disease) from June 2016 to August 2017 in southwestern of Iran. Data were analyzed using the directed content analysis approach. The documents recording, accurate description of details, member checking, peer checking, and maximum variation of participants, were considered for ensuring the trustworthiness of the data.
Results: “Transcendental self-control” of family caregiver was explained by four conceptual categories: “caregiver insight", "value prioritization in care", "acceptance of care responsibilities" and "committed care". By predicting the potential risks of playing the care role and deeply understanding the conditions of care while paying attention to the value prioritization outcome-centered and virtue-based care, the family caregiver accepts the care burden through positive thinking and expediency and modestly offers "committed care" while having competent care experiences.
Conclusion: The explanation of self-control concept based on family-centered empowerment model in the real field creates a clear understanding of this concept and leads to "commitment care" by family caregivers of patients with chronic diseases and in turn provides a basis for reducing workload in the clinical setting.
 

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Background & Aim: Each conceptual model in nursing seeks to explain the fundamental concepts of the discipline based on the culture and values of societies in order to be used more effectively, as a scientific and practical framework. The aim of this study was to design a conceptual model of care during infancy from Islam perspective.
Methods & Materials: The conceptual model used in this study was designed based on the model synthesis process developed by Walker and Avant (2011) in three steps in 2017: Concept development and specifying focal concept, statement synthesis and identifying connections between concepts, systematic organization of connections and building an integrated representation. Qur’an and its interpretation books and Shiite Hadith books were of the resources.
Results: As a result of developing the concept of “care during infancy in terms of Islam”, six concepts were synthesized. “Infant as a person with dignity and potential for excellence” was as the focal concept. Other concepts included “basic principles of nurturing”, “parents as the representatives of God in nurturing infants”, “mother as the symbol of creativity and divinity of God”, “healthy and competent child”, and “God as the merciful nurturer”. After defining connections between the concepts, the structure of conceptual model was presented.
Conclusion: Infant care is nurturing a human being who has dignity, rights and potential for excellence from the time of conception. From Islam perspective, God is the eternal nurturer who nurtures the infant with kindness and dignity, and mother is the manifestation of the creativity and divinity of God. The infant is entrusted to the parents by God, and parents are the agents of God who lay the groundwork for nurturing the infant. In order to have a healthy and competent child, observing the principles of nurturing is important. “Care during infancy from Islam perspective” model is a conceptual model that can be used for the development of applied theories, clinical practice, research, and education of nursing students and the community.
 

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Background & Aim: Identifying the factors affecting the quality of life in postmenopausal women will help to design and implement the quality of life-improving interventions tailored to these women’s needs. This study aimed to determine the relationship between the educational phase of the PRECEDE model and the quality of life among postmenopausal women.
Methods & Materials: The present cross-sectional study was conducted on 240 postmenopausal women in Asadabad in 2021. The data collection tool included demographic information, the menopause-specific quality of Life questionnaire (MENQOL), and a questionnaire based on educational phase constructs of the PRECEDE model about menopause and behaviors related to the control of menopause complications. Data were analyzed using the SPSS software version 16.
Results: The mean score of quality of life in the women was 72.72±23.15. Perceived self-efficacy (β=-0.367, P<0.001) and attitude (β=-0.155, P=0.009) were significant predictors of quality of life. The educational phase constructs of the PRECEDE model explained about 33.6% of the variance of quality of life among the postmenopausal women in Asadabad.
Conclusion: Educational phase constructs of the PRECEDE model are useful for identifying the factors affecting the quality of life in postmenopausal women, and designing educational interventions in this area. It is recommended promoting self-efficacy (to perform behaviors related to the control of menopause complications) and improving attitude toward menopause to be integrated into all educational interventions designed and implemented to improve the quality of life in postmenopausal women.

 

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Background & Aim: Following hypoactive sexual desire disorder, orgasmic disorder is the most commonly reported sexual dysfunction in women. Consultation based on an integrated approach is one of the suitable methods for treating this problem. Considering the prevalence, importance and impact of orgasmic disorder on the quality of individual, family and social life in women, the study aimed at investigating the effect of integrated consultation based on the Ex-PLISSIT model on women's orgasmic disorder.
Methods & Materials: This randomized clinical trial was performed on 60 women with orgasmic disorder referred to the women's clinic of Arash Women's Comprehensive Hospital in Tehran in 2019. Samples were randomly assigned either to intervention or control group. The intervention was done in the form of individual counseling sessions using an integrated approach based on the Ex-PLISSIT model. Data collection tool included the Female Orgasm Scale. Orgasm rate, satisfaction with the number of orgasms, and satisfaction with orgasm quality were assessed before the intervention, 4 and 8 weeks after the intervention. Data were analyzed by Chi-square test, Fisher exact test, independent t-test, repeated measures analysis of variance and analysis of covariance using the SPSS software version 21.
Results: The two groups were homogeneous in the demographic variables (P>0.05). The mean scores of the number of orgasms, satisfaction with the number of orgasms and satisfaction with orgasm quality were not significantly different between the two groups before the intervention (P>0.05). However, 4 and 8 weeks after the intervention, mean scores of the number of orgasms, satisfaction with the number of orgasms, and satisfaction with orgasm quality showed a statistically significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05), and in both times the mean scores in the intervention group was significantly higher than those of in the control group.
Conclusion: The results of the present study showed the positive effect of integrated consultation based on Ex-PLISSIT model on orgasm rate, satisfaction with the number of orgasms and satisfaction with orgasm quality in women.
Clinical trial registry: IRCT20160808029255N

 

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Background & Aim: Fear of childbirth is one of the reasons for choosing cesarean section. Given the consequences of repeated cesarean section, interventions that control the fear of childbirth are important in mother's decision for the mode of birth. The aim of the study is to assess the effect of individual counseling based on the Fogg model on the motivation and the fear of natural childbirth in women with previous cesarean section.
Methods & Materials: In this clinical trial, 62 pregnant women with a previous cesarean section, referred to Mashhad Comprehensive Health Centers in 2020, were randomly assigned into intervention or control groups. In the intervention group, individual counseling based on the Fogg model was provided in two face-to-face 45-60 minute sessions biweekly and one non-face-to-face session on the Telegram channel at 28-30 weeks of pregnancy. Data was collected by a demographic form, the motivation questionnaire, and the Wijma expectation/ experience questionnaire at the beginning and two weeks after the intervention. Data analysis was performed using statistical tests by the SPSS software version 25 at a significance level of 0.05.
Results: The mean difference of the fear of childbirth score before and after the intervention was 15.84±20.07 for the intervention group and 6.06±23.28 for the control group. Counseling with the fog approach has significantly changed the fear of childbirth score in the intervention group compared to the control group (P<0.001), but the changes in motivation were not statistically significant.
Conclusion: Counseling with the Fogg approach reduced the fear of childbirth score. It is recommended to use this counseling method to reduce the fear of childbirth, and to use strategies to increase the motivation for natural childbirth after cesarean section.
Clinical trial registry: IRCT20200105046014N1

 

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Background & Aim: The misuse of opioids is one of the most important problems in today's world, directly affecting the quality sleep for individuals. This study sought to explore the effect of a nursing care program, based on Roy's adaptation model, on the sleep quality of patients undergoing methadone maintenance treatment.
Methods & Materials: This randomized, single-blind clinical trial was conducted between December 2022 and March 2023, involving 60 opioid abuse patients undergoing methadone maintenance treatment at the Addiction Reduction Center in Isfahan. Convenience sampling was employed, with participants allocated randomly using random sequence generation software into the intervention group (n=30) and the control group (n=30). Data was collected using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Questionnaire. The intervention comprised a three-month nursing care program based on Roy's adaptation model, while the control group received routine treatments. Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 26 software, utilizing descriptive and inferential statistics.
Results: The results showed a significant decrease in the total average score of sleep quality in the intervention group after the intervention, indicating an improvement in sleep quality (P<0.001). Before the intervention, there was no statistically significant difference in the total average score of sleep quality between the intervention and control groups (P>0.05); however, a significant difference was observed after the intervention (P<0.001).
Conclusion: The findings indicate that the nursing care program based on Roy's adaptation model is effective in improving the sleep quality of patients undergoing methadone maintenance treatment. Therefore, this model can provide a promising framework for delivering care to such patients.
Clinical trial registry: IRCT20141127020108N6

 

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Background & Aim: Osteoporosis is a common problem in menopausal women, and adopting preventive behaviors is crucial in addressing this issue. The purpose of the study is to evaluate the effect of an educational intervention based on the health belief model (HBM) on promoting osteoporosis-preventive behaviors in menopausal women.
Methods & Materials: This quasi-experimental study with a control group was conducted on 64 menopausal women referred to Urmia urban health centers in 2023. Participants were selected using random sampling and then randomly allocated into two groups: control (32) and intervention (32). The data collection instruments included questionnaires comprising demographic information, knowledge assessments, Health Belief Model constructs, food frequency, and physical activity items. Following pre-test evaluations and needs assessment, a training program was designed and delivered to the intervention group. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS software version 26.
Results: The mean scores for knowledge, perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived benefits, perceived self-efficacy, and cues to action in the intervention group significantly increased compared to both the pre-intervention assessment and the control group. Conversely, there was a significant decrease in the mean score for perceived barriers (P<0.05). These changes resulted in a significant increase in the mean score for osteoporosis preventive behaviors within the intervention group (P<0.05).
Conclusion: Education based on the HBM has been effective in shaping the knowledge and health beliefs of menopausal women concerning osteoporosis and its preventive behaviors. Therefore, it is recommended that health educators incorporate the approaches and findings of this study when developing educational interventions related to osteoporosis.

 

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Background & Aim: Patients with hyperthyroidism need targeted interventions aimed at improving their quality of life and increasing awareness of potential drug side effects. This study aimed to investigate the effect of an intervention based on the continuous care model on drug side effects and quality of life in patients with hyperthyroidism.
Methods & Materials: This quasi-experimental study was conducted in 2021 on 75 hyperthyroid patients attending the endocrine clinics of Imam Khomeini Hospital and Shariati Hospital in Tehran. Participants were allocated into two groups of 38 patients each, using block randomization. The intervention group received care based on the continuous care model, while the control group received routine care. Data collection employed questionnaires assessing drug side effects and quality of life, administered before and after the intervention. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 25, employing both descriptive and inferential statistical methods.
Results: Analysis of covariance showed significant differences between the groups in both quality of life and drug side effects scores (P<0.001). Post-intervention, the mean quality of life scores across all dimensions were significantly higher in the intervention group compared to the control (P<0.001). Conversely, the mean scores for drug side effects and their respective dimensions were significantly lower in the intervention group following the intervention (P<0.001).
Conclusion: The findings suggest that implementing a continuous care model over a three-month period can positively influence the quality of life and decrease drug side effects among patients with hyperthyroidism.

 

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Background & Aim: In light of the holistic approach to health, it has become increasingly important to utilize spiritual capacities to meet patients' needs. Spiritual care education for nursing students is therefore essential. This study aimed to address the lack of educational content in this area within the Iranian medical education system by developing a spiritual care educational package for nursing students and evaluating its impact on students' spiritual care scores.
Methods & Materials: This study, conducted in 1401, followed the Rothwell model and involved 60 final-year nursing students from Tehran, Shahid Beheshti, and Iran Universities of Medical Sciences. Participants were selected through simple random sampling in proportion to the number of final-year nursing students at each university. The educational package was provided to students as a text file for self-study, discussion with clinical instructors, and application in internship settings. Students' spiritual care scores pre- and post-training were compared using descriptive and inferential statistics in SPSS version 26.
Results: The average spiritual care score of the participating students increased from 1.94 to 4.21, indicating a significant positive effect of the training package (P<0.05). However, variables such as age, gender, university of study, and interest in the field did not have a significant effect on the increase in score (P>0.05).
Conclusion: The results of the present study suggest that the training package was effective in improving students' spiritual care scores. Therefore, it is recommended that nurses and other health disciplines receive training in spiritual care through various m