Introduction: Level of job satisfaction reflects positive or negative attitude of person toward his/her job and is influenced by many factors. Job satisfaction of nursing personnel directly affects their quality of care. Attention to this issue means attention to community health.

Materials and Methods: This study is a descriptive, cross sectional research, conducted to identify the level of job satisfaction of nursing personnel of health, therapeutic and medical education centers of the entire country in the year 2001. Sample size was 4000 and nurses were selected through random stratified sampling method. Data collection tool was questionnaire of Herzberg job satisfaction which was sent by mail. Job satisfaction was classified into three levels: low (0-33.33%), moderate (33.34-66.67%) and high (66.68-100%).

Results: We received back a total of 3029 questionnaires. Results showed that the majority of nurses had moderate level of job satisfaction in domains of working place situation (62.9%), relationship with colleagues (69.6%), professional situation (74.3%), supervision and administration (57.6%), managerial policies (50%) and personnel life in relation to the job (80.6%). Job satisfaction level was low in domains of job security (63.5%) and salary and benefits (77.3%). 2 test showed a significant relationship between age, job position, level of education, job experience, over time working, type of over time working, type of accommodation and participation in continuing education programs and job satisfaction.

Conclusion: As a whole, the level of job satisfaction of majority of nursing personnel was moderate and the majority of subjects were not satisfied with welfare possibilities of their job. According to the research results it is recommended that the authorities try to increase the salary and financial benefits of nursing personnel and also to develop welfare possibilities of this class of community.

Background & Aim: Because of importance of communication and its defects which has been observed in communication with clients, this study has been planned and done with the aim of investigation of usage of’ communication skills by midwives and its relation to client’s satisfaction.

Methods & Materials: In a correlational study 50 midwives and 400 clients were investigated. Data collection method included observing midwife- client encounter using a checklist and interviewing clients to fill out satisfaction questionnaire. Descriptive and inferential statistics included chi- square test, fisher’s exact test and Pearson correlation (p<0/05) were used for data analysis.

Results: The results of this study showed that midwives’ communication skills (verbal and non- verbal) was undesirable (62% and 56%). There was no relation between demographic variables and midwives’ communication skills application. Just there was a relation between marital status and non-verbal communication skills application. Also clients’ satisfaction with midwives’ verbal and non-verbal communication skills (50% and 48/4%) was related meaningfully to midwives’ communication skills application. There was a relation between clients’ satisfaction and their age, educational status service they needed.

Conclusion: According to undesirable usage of communication skills by midwives, administering interim training programs for midwives is recommended. Also it seems better to include communication skills training to midwifery curriculum.

Background & Aim: Infertility leads to sexual dissatisfaction in women who believe that their inability to conceive have serious negative effects on their life, particularly their sexual relations. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of counseling on sexual satisfaction among infertile women referred to Tehran Fertility Center.

Methods & Materials: It is a controlled clinical trial. One hundred infertile women were recruited in the study using convenience sampling method. Then they were randomly allocated in case and control groups. Data were gathered in two phases: before the intervention and 3 month after the intervention. The intervention group participated in two-hour counseling sessions for about 2 weeks. Data were collected using a 2-sectioned questionnaire including demographic characteristics, and sexual satisfaction questions. Data were analyzed using χ^2, Mann Whitney U, and Willcoxon statistical tests.

Results: Results showed that there was no statistically significant difference between two groups in sexual satisfaction before the intervention (P=0.401). There was significant difference between two groups 3 months after the intervention (P=0.019). Also, there was significant difference between women&aposs sexual satisfaction in the counseling group before and 3 month after the intervention (P=0.002).

Conclusion: Sexual counseling improves sexual satisfaction of infertile women.

Background & Aim: Health systems are challenging with increased health demands and limited economic status whilst, nurses shortages is a worldwide issue. Job dissatisfaction among nurses is a main cause for work leaves. The aim of this study was to assess job satisfaction among Iranian nurses and its related factors.

Methods & Materials: In this cross-sectional study, 1058 nurses were selected randomly during 1384-5. A two-sectioned self-report questionnaire was used which included demographic data and job satisfaction scale. Data were analyzed in SPSS version 12.0.

Results: Findings showed that only about one third of nurses were satisfied (satisfied & very satisfied) with their jobs (34.30%). In this study, main factors of job satisfaction were job safety (44.5%) as well as working environment and facilities (44.26%). On the other hand, nurses were dissatisfied with their job because of the described job duties (74.75%), managers&apos way of communication (70%), and their social position (70.3%).

Conclusion: Increasing the salary and payment, job equity, modifying working time and shift plans, providing opportunities for the nurses to further their carriers, and continuing education are important issues in increasing job satisfaction.

Background & Objective: Privacy is a basic humanity principle. Protecting patients&apos privacy is a necessity in health care organizations and along with the patients&apos satisfaction, is one of the main indicators of quality of care. The objective of this study was to assess patients&apos privacy protecting by medical staff and its relation to patients&apos satisfaction.

Methods & Materials: This is a cross-sectional survey in which 360 inpatients were recruited using convenience sampling method from an emergency department. Data were collected using a questionnaire and were analyzed using statistical tests in the SPSS.

Results: According to the results, about one half of the patients reported poor privacy protecting and one other half (49.4%) reported that their privacy was protected "relatively good" to "good". A strong correlation was found between level of privacy protected and the patients&apos satisfaction in various dimensions. There was significant correlation between some of demographic variables with privacy protecting and patients&apos satisfaction.

Conclusion: In our study, protecting patients&apos privacy and also patients&apos satisfaction was not generally appropriate. More attempts of clinicians are required to improve the quality of care to promote patients&apos privacy as well as patients&apos satisfaction.

Background & Objective: Nurses&apos perspective on organizational climate can affect job satisfaction and quality of care. Organizational climate influences staffs&apos attitudes and behaviors in either positive directions, such as productivity, satisfaction, and motivation, or negative directions, such as absenteeism, staff turnover, and work accidents. The purpose of this study was to determine factors that influence the nurses&apos perspectives about organizational climate.

Methods & Materials: This descriptive study was carried out in four educational hospitals in Tehran during fall 2009. A total of 140 nurses were selected for the study using simple sampling method. Data were gathered using organizational climate questionnaire including 25 items about in-service education, work communication, group participation, leader supervision, job promotion, and work policies and standards. Data were analyzed in the SPSS v.13.

Results: The most important dimensions of organizational climate from the respondents&apos point of view were: leader supervision (31.4%), coworker communication and support (19.26%), and skills in practice (17%). The most important negative factors that influenced the nurses&apos perspectives were: lack of reward system (49.3%), high work pressure (47.1%), and lack of participation in important decision-makings (39.3%). The most important positive factors influenced nurses&apos perspectives were: adequate job information (63.6%), having good communication with coworkers and having supportive coworker (47.9%), and having good communications with the leaders (40.7%).

Conclusion: Using effective communication skills and making supportive systems in hospitals can help to create optimal organizational climate and may reduce rate of job dissatisfaction, absenteeism, and staff turnover.

Background & Aim: Patient satisfaction has been recognized as a key indicator of health care quality which is used by accreditation agencies to monitor quality of care in hospitals. A high proportion of health caregivers are nurses. The services provided by nurses are significantly influential in satisfaction of patients. The aim of this study was to assess patients&apos satisfaction from nursing care in hospitals of Iran University of Medical Sciences in 2010.

Methods & Materials: In this cross-sectional study, we recruited 200 patients from different wards (except for special wards, Emergency department, Pediatric and Psychiatric wards) at the time of discharge from hospital through multistage sampling method. Data were collected using Patient Satisfaction Instrument (PSI). Data analysis was performed using descriptive statistics, chi-square and regression analysis.

Results: Majority of patients (72%) were moderately satisfied. Patient satisfaction had a significant relationship with the type of ward (P≤0.001), and type of hospital (P≤0.001). Of demographic variables, only patients&apos level of education was significantly associated with patient satisfaction (P≤0.019).

Conclusion: In this study, patients were moderately satisfied from nursing care services. Educating hospital staff, especially nurses and encouraging them to actively participate in activities to promote patient satisfaction should be a priority for hospital management. We should also consider that in a competitive market of health and treatment care giving, institutions that put patient satisfaction as their main goal are more successful.

Background & Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between nurses&apos knowledge about pain and satisfaction from pain relieving procedures among postoperative CABG patients in selected Tehran medical university hospitals.

Methods & Materials: In this cross-sectional study, 100 nurses were recruited from the ICU Open heart. Also, 200 patients were selected from whom underwent CABG in 24 hours after surgery and were extubated using a simple random sampling method. Data were gathered using two questionnaires including 17 question about demographic characteristics of patients and their satisfaction, and 36 questions about demographic characteristics and nurses&apos knowledge about pain and pain control after the CABG. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential methods using SPSS-11.5.

Results: There was not significant relationship between the nurses&apos pain knowledge and the patients&apos satisfaction. However, there were a significant relationship between the knowledge of the nurses about pain control after the CABG and the patients satisfactions (r=0.209, P=0.037).

Conclusion: According to the findings of the study, there were some significant relationships between the nurses demographic and pain knowledge with the pain control after the CABG. There was also significant relationship between patients&apos satisfaction and some of them demographic characteristics.

Background & Aim: Moral distress, a major issue in nursing, affects nurses in all healthcare sections. The existence of such distress and its consequent job dissatisfaction may pose a threat to nurses&apos physical and mental health, as well as their quality of life and hinder their accomplishment of individual and social goals. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between the moral distress and job satisfaction In nurses.

Methods & Materials: This cross-sectional correlational study was conducted on 210 nurses employed in the selected healthcare centers of Tehran University of Medical Sciences in 2009. Data were collected using a questionnaire consisting demographic characteristics, the Corley&aposs moral distress scale, and the Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and independent t-test, analysis of variance, Wilcoxon test and Pearson&aposs correlation coefficient in the SPSS v.14.

Results: According to the findings of the study, the mean of the moral distress was 1.77 out of four and the mean of the job satisfaction score was 3.17 out of 5 indicating a moderate job satisfaction among the nurses. A significant relationship was observed between the moral distress and nurses&apos job satisfaction in the present study, indicating that by decreasing moral distress, job satisfaction increases.

Conclusion: Although numerous factors govern nurses&apos job satisfaction, the observed relationship between moral distress and job satisfaction indicates that identifying and limiting factors influencing these distresses can lead to improved job satisfaction for nurses.

Background & Aim: Quality of nursing care is a major issue in nursing management. In the last year of nursing studies (internships) in Iran, nursing students are going to independently carry out responsibilities of graduated nurses. Patients&apos satisfaction is a main indicator for nursing care quality. This study was to determine the correlation between the quality of caring behaviors among internship students with the patients&apos satisfaction with nursing care quality.

Methods & Materials: In this cross-sectional study, 200 patients were selected using convenience sampling method from the hospitals affiliated to the Tehran University of Medical Sciences. Data were gathered using two questionnaires including: 1) quality of the caring behaviors and 2) patient satisfaction with nursing care quality questionnaire (PSNCQQ). Data were analyzed using statistical tests in the SPSS-13.

Results: Regarding quality of caring behaviors, the subscale scores of the knowledge and skills were good and patient education was low. The relationship between the nurses and patients, and nursing morality were in average level. Regarding the patient satisfaction, the highest level of satisfaction was related to nursing knowledge and skills and the lowest level was related to the patient education. Significant correlation was found between the total quality of the caring behaviors with the patients&apos satisfaction and their subscales (P<0.001).

Conclusion: Based on the findings, patients are more satisfied with the caring behaviors of the students who focus on the communication with patients, nursing ethics, and especially patient education during the care.

Background & Aim: Most of the psychological turmoil of marital conflicts is related to sexual dissatisfaction. Sexual satisfaction is influenced by physical and mental illnesses. Pelvic floor muscle relaxation is a major health problem in which prolapsed pelvic floor muscles causes paralysis, pelvic organs&apos prolpases, pelvic organs&apos dysfunction, dyspareunia, and back pain. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of pelvic floor muscle exercise on sexual satisfaction in primiparous women.

Methods & Materials: This clinical trial was conducted among 100 primiparous women selected through cluster randomized sampling from five clinics of Tehran University of Medical Sciences. Samples were randomly divided into two equal groups. The intervention group received pelvic floor exercises (Kegel) for 16 weeks. The control group did not receive any intervention. Data were collected using the Linda Berg questionnaire before the intervention and 16 weeks after the intervention in both groups. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and chi-square, t-test in the SPSS v.18.

Results: After 16 weeks, significant differences were reported in the levels of sexual satisfaction in the intervention and control groups (P<0.001).

Conclusion: The Kegel exercises are easy and non-expensive methods that should be offered by health professionals to increase sexual satisfaction in women after childbirth.

Background & Aim: Implementation of the motivational program by nurse managers can improve nurses&apos performance and behaviour, provide better care for patients, and promote patients&apos satisfaction. This study aimed to determine the effect of implementation of the motivational program designed using "Expectancy Theory" by head nurses on patients&apos satisfaction.

Methods & Materials: This was a quasi-experimental study conducted in medical and surgical units of two hospitals in Zanajn in 2011. Data were gathered using a patient satisfaction questionnaire. The reliability of the questionnaire was confirmed (α=0.72). Fourty participants were selected and allocated in two study groups. The groups were matched for some variables before the intervention. The motivational program was implemented in the intervention group for five months. The program had two designing and implementation phases including: 1) determining nurse managers&apos expectancies from nurses, assessing nurses&apos attitudes about valuable rewards, founding reward management committee and management improvement committee, and providing evaluation checklists for nurses&apos performance 2) implementing standards of nursing care and patient education by nurses, monthly evaluation of nurses by head nurses and collaborative members of the reward management committee, determining level of rewards based on the results of nurses&apos performance evaluation, and giving reward to nurses at the end of each month in a reward ceremony. Data were analyzed using the Paired t-test, Independent t-test, Mann-Whitney, and Chi-squared in the SPSS v.16.

Results: There were no significant differences between the two groups at baseline dealing with the demographic variables. The results showed that patients satisfaction was significantly higher in the intervention group after the intervention (P<0.05).

Conclusion: This motivational program designed based on the "expectancy theory" has clear steps to be implemented among nurses and can be used as a practical guide by nurse managers to improve patients&apos satisfaction.

  Background & Aim: Access to quality care is important in delivering health services. Patients' safety and satisfaction are indicators of quality of care evaluation. Competent nurses may deliver quality care . This study aimed to investigate the impact of using competent nurses on patients’ safety and satisfaction .

  Methods & Materials: In t his interventional study with non-equivalent control group, we selected 120 patients admitted to the emergency department of Imam Khomeini hospital in 2012 using convenience sampling method . Nursing care for the experimental group (n=40 ) was provided by nurses who had high competency scores and in the control group ( n=80), nursing care was provided by usual emergency department nurses . Data were collected using the patient satisfaction with nursing care quality (PSNCQ), and patient safety inventory. Data were analyzed in the SPSS v.16 using descriptive and inferential statistics . The significance level for all statistical tests was considered at P<0.05 .

  Results: Mean age of the intervention and control groups were 48.1 ( ±12.5) and 40.5 ( ±16.7), respectively (P<0.018). There was a significant difference between the two groups in terms of employment (P<0.009). The two groups were similar in terms of other variables such as gender, marital status, level of education, having health insurance , and the reasons for seeking admission . The results showed that there were significant differences between the two groups in patients’ safety and satisfaction with nursing care (P<0.001). Regression test was used to eliminate the effects of age and job satisfaction the results showed effect of intervention on the patients’ safety and satisfaction with nursing care .

  Conclusion: These findings indicated that using competent nurses in providing nursing care promotes patients’ safety and satisfaction with nursing care. Training nurses focusing on the level of competency is required in scheduling, staffing, and implementing nursing care to enhance safety, patient satisfaction , and quality of care.

  Background & Aim: Patients often build their perceptions about the quality of health services on the care provided for them in hospitals by nurses. The present study aimed to assess the relationship between the job satisfaction and burnout among nurses with patients' satisfaction in Shiraz hospitals in 2012 .

  Methods & Materials: In this cross-sectional study, participants were selected through a multi-stage sampling . A total of 280 nurses and 560 patients were recruited to the study. Data were collected using the Spector's job satisfaction and the Maslach Burnout questionnaire s. The structural equation modeling and the confirmatory factor analysis were used to analyze the data in the SPSS and AMOS . 

  Results: There were significant relationships between the nurses' job satisfaction and burnout with the patients' satisfaction. Also , there was a negative and significant relationship between the job satisfaction with burnout among nurses (P<0.001) .

  Conclusion: T he factors affecting job satisfaction and burnout among nurses should be considered in promoting health care provided by nurses .

  Background & Aim: Quality of work life seems to have impact on employees' job satisfaction, job involvement, job performance, turnover, and organizational transformation. This study aimed to assess the relationship between job satisfaction with the components of quality of work life among midwives in mashhad .

  Methods & Materials: This was a correlational study conducted among 230 midwives in mashhad in 2014. Data were collected using a demographic questionnaire, Walton's quality of work life, and the Minnesota job satisfaction questionnaire. Validity of the questionnaires was confirmed by 10 experts. The reliability was confirmed by alpha Cronbach. Data were analyzed using the descriptive statistics, Pearson, Spearman and ANOVA tests in the SPSS-19 . 

  Results: The overall quality of work life and job satisfaction had significant positive correlations (P<0.001 r_p=0.525 ). The job satisfaction had correlation with fair and adequate payment (r_p=0.277 P <0.001), safe working conditions (r_p=0.274 P <0.001), proper opportunity promotion ( r_p=0.306 P <0.001), o verall space of life ( r_p=0.327 P <0.001), job lawfulness ( r_p=0.233 P <0.001), social dependence in the work life ( r_p=0.207 P <0.001), s ocial cohesion in the organization (r_p=0.352 P <0.001), and proper opportunities to develop human capabilities (r_p=0.259 P <0.001) .

  Conclusion: Higher quality of work life is correlated with the higher job satisfaction. Managers can plan and implement appropriate strategies to promote components of quality of work life of midwives to provide efficient health services .

  Background & Aim: Virtual education can be delivered via different routes. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of interactive and non-interactive virtual educations about brain death and organ transplantation on knowledge and satisfaction of education among intensive care nurses .

  Methods & Materials: This quasi-experimental study was conducted on intensive care nurses of hospitals affiliated to Tehran University of Medical Sciences in 2014 . Participants were selected through a convenient sampling method and were assigned into two groups with 32 participants in each. The first group participated in an interactive electronic education while the second group received a non-interactive education about brain death and organ transplantation . Knowledge of both groups was measured before and after the education. The satisfaction of participants with the course was measured using a questionnaire. The scores were compared within and between groups using the paired and independent t-test, respectively . 

  Results: The knowledge of both groups increased significantly after the intervention (P<0.001) however, there was no significant difference between the mean scores of the two groups after the education (P<0.05). The s atisfaction with the course was significantly higher in the interactive education group (P=0.04) .

  Conclusion: B oth interactive and non-interactive electronic educations increased the knowledge of nurses. The nurses were more satisfied with the interactive education. Further studies are recommended .

Background & Aim: Job satisfaction is of the most fundamental components of mental health in every profession and one of the most important factors in career success. Therefore, identifying factors affecting job satisfaction is necessary. One of these factors is employee empowerment. This study aimed to determine the relationship between structural and psychological empowerment and job satisfaction among nurses.

Methods & Materials: In this cross-sectional correlational study, the study population was all nurses working in public hospitals in Mashhad (N=4300) in 2015. The samples consisted of 340 nurses, were selected by multistage cluster sampling method. Participants were assessed by the Conditions of Work Effectiveness Questionnaire-II (CWEQ-II), Psychological Empowerment Questionnaire and Job Description Index (JDI). In order to analyze the data, Pearson’s correlation coefficient and regression analysis were used through SPSS software v.19, and for validation stage, the confirmatory factor analysis were applied using AMOS software v.21.

Results: Results showed that there is a significant multiple correlation between structural empowerment, psychological empowerment and job satisfaction (P<0.001, R²=0.286). Of the eight variables entered into the regression analysis using stepwise technique, three variables including meaningfulness (β=0.30, P<0.001), impact (β=0.25, P<0.001) and access to support (β=0.13, P<0.001) altogether predict 28.6% of the variance in job satisfaction.

Conclusion: The results show the importance of psychological empowerment, the sense of meaningfulness, impact, and access to support as strong predictors of job satisfaction. So, providing the conditions needed for the empowerment of nurses is recommended to increase their job satisfaction and subsequently their efficiency and life satisfaction.

Background & Aim: Post-traumatic stress disorder is one of the psychiatric disorders and exposure to trauma is a key factor in its development. This disorder affects important aspects of a person’s life such as professional quality of life. The aim of this study is to determine the relationship between post-traumatic stress symptoms and professional quality of life among psychiatric nurses.

Methods & Materials: In this descriptive analytical study, 160 nurses in psychiatric wards affiliated to Kerman University of Medical Sciences, were selected using census sampling in 2013. Data were collected using questionnaires including professional and demographic characteristics, the Weathers’ PTSD checklist (PCL-C) and Hudnall Stamm’s Professional Quality of Life (PQOL). Data were analyzed by the SPSS software v.20 using the Pearson correlation coefficient, independent t-test, one-way ANOVA and linear regression.

Results: There was a significant correlation between PTSD score and professional quality of life scores in psychiatric nurses (r=0.32, P<0.001). Also, PTSD was positively correlated with burnout (r=0.36, P<0.001) and secondary traumatic stress (r=0.61, P<0.001), and conversely correlated with compassion satisfaction (r=-0.29, P<0.001). After removing the effects of age, work experience, previous experience of traumatic events, the correlation between two main research variables was significant as well (P<0.001).

Conclusion: Post-traumatic stress has a correlation with professional quality of life in psychiatric nurses. Therefore, factors related to PTSD are suggested to be identified and prevented.