Background & Objective: Osteoporosis is a metabolic disease which results from gradual destruction of bone mass. Prevention of osteoporosis should be started from childhood by getting adequate calcium and doing weight-bearing exercises. Participating of mothers in health education interventions is likely to promote longer-lasting health behaviors in their daughters. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of simultaneous education of mothers and daughters on osteoporosis preventive behavior among high school female students.

Methods & Materials: In this interventional study, 400 female students were randomly selected via a two-phased sampling method. At first stage, four schools were selected randomly. At the second stage, 400 students were divided randomly into two groups. Their osteoporosis preventive behaviors were measured using a two-sectioned questionnaire: demographic section, and osteoporosis preventive behaviors assessment section. The first group participated in the educational programs with their mothers and the other group participated without their mothers. The educational program had two sessions, each one lasted 45 minutes. The second stage of the study was performed three months later. Data analysis was carried out using t-test and chi squared test.

Results: Results showed that in both groups, osteoporosis preventive behaviors scores increased significantly after intervention. It was higher in case group (P<0.001). Eating behavior was significantly different in two groups (P=0.003).

Conclusion: Results showed that simultaneous educational program for mothers and daughters promotes eating behavior in the girls.

Background & Aim: Anxiety is one of the emotional conditions among patients scheduled for surgery that can result in increasing postoperative pain, increasing analgesic and anesthetic requirements and prolonging hospital stay. The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of acupressure (acupuncture without needle) in reducing patients&apos anxiety before abdominal surgeries.

Methods & Materials: In this randomized, blinded, sham controlled trial, 70 patients who were scheduled to undergo abdominal surgery in Tehran University of Medical Sciences&apos hospitals were selected using convenience sampling method. The patients were randomized to an acupressure group (n=35) or a placebo group (n=35), receiving acupressure either at the right points (Yintang and Shen men) in acupressure group or at sham points in the placebo group for 10 min. Anxiety was recorded on a Visual Analog Scale (0-10). Vital signs were measured before and after pressure application in both groups.

Results: The anxiety was decreased in both groups following pressure application for 10 min (P<0.001). The amount of anxiety was significantly different between the groups (P<0.001). The heart rate, respiratory rate, and diastole/systole pressure (P<0.001) were decreased in the case group. Only heart rate (P=0.016) and respiratory rate (P=0.007) were decreased in the placebo group. Changes in respiratory rate and systole pressure following pressure application were statistically significant between two groups.

Conclusion: Acupressure at the right points can decrease anxiety before abdominal surgeries but it has no clinical effect on vital signs.

Background & Aim: One of the nurses' roles in patient care is frequent position change in patients undergoing mechanical ventilation. Because of attaching many lines and tubes to these patients, they are in supine or lateral positions most of the time. Nurses prefer these positions due to making care simple. Many studies have shown that prone position has positive effects on oxygenation and ventilation. However, other studies have shown some negative effects. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of prone position on oxygenation in patients undergoing mechanical ventilation.

Methods & Materials: In this quasi-experimental study, 36 patients were selected using simple sampling method. Data were collected using a questionnaire and oxygenation data sheet. First, patients were put in supine position. After 30 and 120 minutes, oxygenation was assessed. Then they were changed to prone position and after 30 and 120 minutes oxygenation was reassessed. Data were analyzed using paired t test, spearman, and fisher exact tests in SPSS.

Results: The results indicated that there was significant differences between prone position and the amount of spo2 and sao2 oxygenation after 30 and 120 minutes (P<0.001).

Conclusion: Prone positioning was effective on oxygenation after 30 and 120 minutes so nurse should use this position in their care.

Background & Objective: High rates of cesarean delivery have worried health policy makers. One of the main reasons for cesarean section in Iran is cesarean election. Health Belief Model (HBM) is one of the most powerful models used in health education programs. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of education designed based on HBM on choosing delivery mode among pregnant women.

Methods & Materials: In this experimental study, 128 nulliparous women were recruited from Shahrood health care centers and private gynecologists' offices. Samples were randomly allocated into two equal groups. Women in the experimental group participated in two 40-minutes educational classes which were designed based on HBM. Data were gathered both before and after the classes, and then were analyzed using SPSS.     

Results: The results indicated that there were no significant differences between two groups in demographic characteristics, infertility history, disease history, perceived susceptibility, and perceived benefits and barriers. After the intervention, significant differences were found between perceived  susceptibility (P<0.001), perceived severity (P<0.001), perceived barriers (P=0.004), with practice (choosing the delivery mode) (P<0.001).

Conclusion: The results showed that using HBM in program designing was effective in the pregnant women's decision-making toward delivery mode.

Background & Aim: Privacy is one of basic rights of the patients. Privacy becomes important for the adolescents when they hospitalize in an unfamiliar environment. This study aimed to compare the perceptions of inpatient adolescents with nurses on the observance of privacy and its importance.

Methods & Materials: In this cross-sectional study, 175 nurses and a convenience sample of 180 inpatient adolescents who had met the inclusion criteria were recruited to the study. Data was gathered using a questionnaire. Man-whitney u and kruskal-wallis statistical tests were used to analyze the data.

Results: The results showed that there was significant differences between nurses&apos and inpatient adolescents` perceptions on the observance of privacy and its importance (man-whitney u, P<0.001). The most important priority regarding the privacy from nurses&apos point of view was "covering the unnecessary parts of the body while caring" whilst it was "providing a pleasant decorated environment, telephone, toilet and bath in room, and hospitalization in a room with peers" from the adolescents&apos point of view. The most observed case about privacy from the nurses&apos point of view was "taking immediate action to help the teenagers if necessary" whilst, from the adolescents view, it was "calling them with their favorite names".

Conclusion: The mean perceptions of nurses were higher than the adolescences toward observance of privacy and its importance. The results can guide nurses to improve quality of care for this group.

Background & Objective: However, pregnancy is a common event among reproductive-age women, it is often stressful. Physical and emotional changes can alter the ability of women to carry out their usual roles. The aim of this study was to assess quality of life in pregnant women and its related factors.

Methods & Materials: In this cross-sectional study, 600 pregnant women referred to the prenatal clinics of Kashan University of Medical Sciences were selected randomly. Then they were asked to complete the Short Form 36 Health Survey (SF-36) to assess the quality of life. The results were analyzed using t-test, c², and ANOVA in SPSS.

Results: Results showed that the mean of quality of life in pregnant women was 61.18 13.21 (27.96-92.62). A higher score represented a better health status. Statistically significant differences were found in all of the quality of life dimensions in pregnant women except for social functioning (P<0.005). Quality of life was correlated with age (P=0.002), gestational age (P=0.017), gravidity (P<0.001), number of deliveries (P<0.001), income (P<0.001), husband&aposs support (P=0.017) and life satisfaction (P=0.011).

Conclusion: Results of this study showed that the quality of life in pregnant women was low. Thus, it is important for primary care providers to be aware of the changes in health status of pregnant woman to help them to promote their quality of lives.

Background & Aim: The Clinical Teaching Partner model (CTP) integrates theoretical knowledge with professional skills and brings the reality to workplaces. Closing educational and practical aspects in nursing discipline has been a challenging goal for nursing which requires cooperation between faculty instructors with nurse practitioners such collaboration will led to development and promotion of nursing discipline. Therefore selecting an effective and efficient approach in order to integrate theoretical knowledge with practical experiences would be crucial for nursing profession. This study was conducted in order to investigate the effect of CTP on nursing students&apos clinical skills outcome.

Methods & Materials: A quasi experimental, only post test design was applied. Study sample consisted of 1) three faculty instructors, 2) seven registered nurse practitioners who were staff nurses in three pediatric wards and voluntarily participated in the study and 3) fifty two nursing students which were in the 5th semester of nursing BSc. program and had eligible criteria to enter the study. Students were allocated randomly to the intervention (n=28) and control (n=24) groups. Participants in the control group, initially started their internship period in 3 pediatric wards and were evaluated by faculty instructors regarding their clinical skills at the end students in the intervention group, then started their clinical training course in the same ward as control group, but their clinical education was conducted by the nurse practitioners who voluntarily participated in the study and trained initially in the nursing faculties&apos skill lab. Students&apos clinical skills were evaluated by nursing mentors via some instruments at the end of the educational period in addition, clinical education outcomes and nursing students&apos satisfaction of achievement to apprenticeship goals were assessed at the end of the training period. Data were analyzed using the statistical tests including Chi square, Fisher exact test, Mann-Whiney U, and t-test in SPSS.

Results: Considering students demographic characteristics, both groups were homogenous. There was a significant difference in the students&apos clinical skills between two groups (P<0.001). A significant difference was shown in the nursing mentors and faculty instructors&apos satisfaction of application of cooperative education method between both groups (P=0.004). No significant differences were found between students&apos satisfaction of reaching to educational outcomes between both groups (P=0.058). There were also no statistical differences between nursing mentors and faculty instructors&apos satisfaction of achieving to clinical education outcomes (P=0.109).

Conclusion: According to this study, CTP is an effective approach in clinical education and development of clinical skills for nursing students therefore,

application of this method is recommended in clinical nursing education.

Background & Objective: High levels of assertiveness and low levels of anxiety are important factors that result in suitable communication. They also increase intellectual abilities, abstract thought, power & autonomy, and personal well-being among nursing and midwifery students. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between assertiveness and anxiety among midwifery and nursing students.

Methods & Materials: In this correlational, cross-sectional study, 173 nursing students (68 males & 105 females) were recruited using census and rational methods. Seventy seven midwifery students were also recruited using census method. Data were collected using a self-report tool including "personal information form", "Trait Spilberger Anxiety", and "Assertion Inventory" (AI) of Gambrill & Richey. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistical methods.

Results: Results showed that more than half of the nursing and midwifery students (59.5% and 59.7%, respectively) had moderate assertiveness. Also, 43.3% and 36.4% of them had moderate and high levels of anxiety. Pearson correlation test revealed that assertiveness and anxiety had negative correlations in nursing (r=-0.51, P<0.001) and midwifery (r=-0.449, P<0.001) students. Some demographic variables had significant correlations with assertiveness and anxiety among the students.

Conclusion: Regarding the relationship between assertiveness and anxiety and their effect on mental health, as well as educational and occupational functions of the students, more attention is needed to pay to theses issues. Also, it seems that appropriate interventions should be planned to increase assertiveness and to decrease anxiety among the students.

Background & Aim: Surgery is a stressful experience. Fear of postoperative pain causes anxiety. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of patient education about pain control on patients&apos anxiety before abdominal surgery.
Methods & Materials: In this quasi-experimental study, 89 patients who were planned to undergo elective abdominal surgery in an educational hospital were recruited to the study. Informed consents were obtained. The participants were randomly allocated in two control (n=45) and experimental (n=44) groups. The questionnaire included demographic information, clinical characteristics, and the Spielberger&aposs State Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). Patients in the experimental group received education about pain control one day before surgery. The education method was oral explanation for 20-30 minutes. The control group received no intervention. Data were analyzed through descriptive and inferential statistics (chi-square, t-test, Fisher&aposs exact test, Wilcoxon signed ranks and Mann-whitney&aposs tests) in the SPSS.
Results: Findings indicated that there was a significant difference in anxiety level between the experiment and control groups before surgery (P<0.001). There was also a significant difference between anxiety level in the surgery day (P<0.001) between the two study groups. The anxiety level was significantly decreased in the experiment group.
Conclusion: Based on our findings, patient education about pain control led to reduce preoperative anxiety in patients undergoing abdominal surgery. Patient education is a non-medical simple intervention that is recommended for using in surgery wards.

 

Background & Aim: The prevalence of cardiovascular diseases is high in most of the countries. Cardiac catheterization is a routine diagnostic test for coronary heart diseases. In order to minimize the post-procedure complications, patients are restricted to bed for 8-24 hours in flat position. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of changing position and early ambulation on back pain and the amount of bleeding after cardiac catheterization.
Methods & Materials: In this quasi-experimental study, 90 patients undergoing diagnostic angiography were selected using convenience sampling method in Shariati hospital. The patients were allocated in two intervention and control groups. The control group remained in supine position for 8-24 hours and the sandbag remained for eight hours. The patients&apos position in the intervention group was intermittently changed during the first hour after catheterization. The head of bed was set at 15 degree angle. In the second hour, the position changed to flat and the head of bed raised to 30 degree. In the third hour, the head of bed angle was set in 45 degree. In the first three hours sandbag was placed in catheter insertion site. After the third hour, patients could rest in any position (15-30 degree). Patients were ambulated in the sixth hour. Back pain intensity and level of bleeding were assessed immediately after admission, in the sixth, 24^th hour and after the seventh day of catheterization.
Results: The results indicated that there was no statistically significant difference in age, gender, education level, back pain intensity, and the level of bleeding immediately after the catheterization. Back pain intensity was lower in the intervention group than the control one after 6 and 24 hours of catheterization (P<0.001). There was no statistically significant difference between the intervention and control groups in the level of bleeding after 6 hours, 24 hours, and seven days of catheterization (P>0.05).
Conclusion: Patients should be allowed to change their positions in bed cardiac catheterization. Patients can be ambulated earlier (in the sixth hour) after cardiac diagnostic catheterization.

 

Background & Aim: Anxiety is a common experience which is felt as uneasiness, non-specific threat, and activation of autonomic nervous system. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of muscular relaxation on anxiety level of patients underwent cardiac catheterization.

Methods & Materials: In this clinical trial, 118 patients who were expected to have a cardiac catheterization were recruited from an educational hospital at Tehran University of Medical Science. The participants were allocated to two groups, including muscular relaxation group (50 patients), and control group (68 patients). Data were collected using a questionnaire, and a self-report paper for recording anxiety level. Anxiety level was recorded one hour before cardiac catheterization in two groups. Then, the intervention group was asked to listen to the Benson muscle relaxation guide direction tape for 20 minutes through headphone. After using muscle relaxation in the intervention group and immediately before cardiac catheterization, the anxiety level of the respondents was recorded once more. Control group received standard nursing cares. Data were analyzed using χ², Fisher&aposs exact test, Kruscalwallis, Man-Whitney and Wilcoxon statistical tests in the SPSS.

Results: There were no significant difference between two groups in demographic characteristics and anxiety level before the intervention and one hour before cardiac catheterization. After the intervention, the anxiety level was significantly reduced in the intervention group (P<0.001) while it increased in the control group.

Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, Benson muscle relaxation significantly decreased anxiety level in patients who were expected to go for cardiac catheterization.

Background & Objective: Invasive procedures are severe stressors for
in-patient children. The stress result in sleep disorder, reduced concentration, and increased pain. Nowadays, pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic interventions are used to control stress. We aimed to assess the effect of massage on children&aposs anxiety level before intensive procedures.

Methods & Materials: In this clinical trial, 70 children aged 7-11 were recruited from a children hospital. The participants were randomly allocated to the intervention and control groups. The intervention group received massage therapy in the Yeen tang point and palms for five minutes. The control group received the usual care. Anxiety was measured using OSBD-R. Data were analyzed using Mann-Wittny and Willcoxon statistical tests.

Results: The anxiety level was not significantly different between two groups before the intervention (Control group: 3.24±0.48 Intervention group: 3.24±0.56) (P=0.472). Following the massage, the anxiety level decreased significantly in the intervention group (Intervention group: 1.57±0.54 Control group: 3.37±0.46) (P<0.001).

Conclusion: Massage in the Yeen tang point and palms can reduce the anxiety level in hospitalized children prior to invasive procedures. It is recommended to use this massage technique in pediatric wards to reduce anxiety level.

Background & Aim: Diet adherence is a major issue in cardiovascular diseases control. Patient education could be a valuable strategy for promoting diet adherence. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of computer-assisted vs. face to face education on dietary adherence among patients with myocardial infarction.

Methods & Materials: In this experimental study, 117 patients with the first acute myocardial infarction were selected via a convenience sampling. The participants were randomly allocated into three groups. Patients in the face to face group (n=43) received an education about diet in two two-day sessions. The computer-assisted education group (n=33) received the same educational plan provided by computer software containing audio, text, images and animations at home. The control group (n=41) received their usual care. Adherence to dietary regimen was assessed three months after the educations.

Results: There were not significant association between the three groups in terms of demographic characteristics and disease history. There were no significant different in unhealthy diet adherence between the three groups. There were not significant differences in healthy diet between the computer-assisted and face to face education groups. The computer-assisted education group had significantly better adherence with the consumed amount of fats (P=0.01), useful meat substitutes (P=0.01), and other foods (P=0.012) than the control group. In addition, the face to face education group had significantly greater adherence scores with consuming meat substitutes (P=0.04), and fats (P=0.04) than the control group.

Conclusion: Both computer-assisted and face to face educational strategies had positive effects on improving adherence following myocardial infarction.

Background & Aim: The Non Stress Test (NST) is a main assessment tool for fetal wellbeing however, it has a high rate of false-positive results. External stimulation with halogen light has been recommended to aid in provoking fetal response, decreasing false-positive results and promoting the test. This study aimed to assess the effect of halogen light stimulation on nonreactive pattern of NST.

Methods & Materials: From 850 women who underwent NSTs, 50 women with singleton and cephalic fetuses who had nonreactive NSTs were allocated to receive halogen light stimulation through a halogen light source of 1,000,000 candle power. The light was applied to the lower abdomen above symphysis pubis over fetal head for 10 seconds. Results were compared to BPP scores as a backup test. We used mean± SD, chi-square Test and Fisher&aposs Exact Test. The >α0.05 was considered as significant level.

Results: Following stimulation, 68% of nonreactive results changed to reactive patterns. In half of the cases, first acceleration occurred in less than two minutes. Almost 90% of fetuses had reactive pattern within nine minutes.

Conclusion: Halogen light stimulation decreased the incidence of non reactive tests and testing time. Halogen light stimulation is safe and efficient in fetal well being assessment.

Background & Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between nurses&apos knowledge about pain and satisfaction from pain relieving procedures among postoperative CABG patients in selected Tehran medical university hospitals.

Methods & Materials: In this cross-sectional study, 100 nurses were recruited from the ICU Open heart. Also, 200 patients were selected from whom underwent CABG in 24 hours after surgery and were extubated using a simple random sampling method. Data were gathered using two questionnaires including 17 question about demographic characteristics of patients and their satisfaction, and 36 questions about demographic characteristics and nurses&apos knowledge about pain and pain control after the CABG. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential methods using SPSS-11.5.

Results: There was not significant relationship between the nurses&apos pain knowledge and the patients&apos satisfaction. However, there were a significant relationship between the knowledge of the nurses about pain control after the CABG and the patients satisfactions (r=0.209, P=0.037).

Conclusion: According to the findings of the study, there were some significant relationships between the nurses demographic and pain knowledge with the pain control after the CABG. There was also significant relationship between patients&apos satisfaction and some of them demographic characteristics.

Background & Aim: The presence of pain is a common phenomenon among patients in critical care units. Critically ill patients are often unable to communicate because of illness or sedation so, recognition and assessment of their pain is difficult. In these patients, observational behavioral indices can be used to evaluate pain. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of application of critical-care pain observation tool in patients with decreased level of consciousness on performance of nurses in documentation and reassessment of pain after palliative intervention.

Methods & Materials: In this before and after quasi-experimental study, 106 nurses working in general intensive care units in selected hospitals affiliated to Tehran University of Medical Sciences were selected. First, we examined the nurses&apos performance three times in relation to documentation and reassessment of pain after palliative intervention, position change and suction procedure in patients with decreased level of consciousness using a researcher-made check list. Then, we taught nurses individually, how to use this tool to investigate the pain of patient in a session lasting an hour. A week after the training, the researcher reevaluated performance of trained nurses in relation to documentation and reassessment of pain after palliative intervention in patients with decreased level of consciousness. Finally, those data collected before and after the training of the CPOT to nurses were compared using the Wilcoxon test.

Results: Findings showed that the CPOT could not lead to improved nurses&apos function in relation to documentation of pain in the patients records (P=0.209) and recording palliative measures related to pain (P=0.117). However, there were significant statistical differences between nurses&apos function in relation to reassessment of pain after palliative intervention, before and after the training and application of the CPOT. Comparing the mean function scores before and after the intervention, demonstrated that the performance of nurses in this area has been improved after the intervention.

Conclusion: The critical-care pain observation tool can increase nurses&apos sensitivity to pain in patients with decreased level of consciousness. It forces the nurses to reassess the pain after palliative intervention. This tool does not motivate in nurses to document pain palliative process. So it is recommended that future studies investigate the impact of this tool on other aspects of pain management, such as diagnosis of pain and using of drugs and non-drug measures.

Background & Aim: Preterm birth is the main cause of neonatal mortality and morbidity so, prevention of preterm labor is a priority in health care. This study aimed to determine relationship between house works with preterm labor.

Methods & Materials: In this case-control study, 150 term pregnant women (control group) and 150 preterm pregnant women (case group) delivered in Izadi hospital in Qom were selected in 2008-2009. The data were collected using the "physical activity in pregnancy" scale. Data were analyzed using the Chi-squared test, t-test, and logistic regression. The P-value less than 0.05 was considered as significant level and the adjusted OR was reported for all variables. We used the SPSS- 16 for analyzing the data.

Results: According to the findings, there was no significant relationship between house work regarding duration and severity of activity in pregnancy with preterm labor.

Conclusion: There was no relationship between house work in pregnancy and preterm labor. Further studies are recommended.

  Background & Aim: Hysterectomy is the second most common major surgery among women of reproductive age. Studies have suggested that women do not usually receive adequate information regarding hysterectomy before the surgery. Depression is a common psychiatric condition diagnosed after hysterectomy. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of pre-hysterectomy counseling on depression among women.

  Methods & Materials : In this clinical trial, 100 women who had undergone hysterectomy for non-malignant conditionswere selected from two hospitals (women’s’ hospital and Imam Khomeini hospital) and completed the informed consent forms. Participants were randomly divided into two intervention and control groups. In the intervention group, we implemented the supportive counseling within two sessions. Depression was assessed 1-2 weeks before the surgery and two monthsafter the surgery. Data were gathered using the 30-item SAMA questionnaire (modified BECK questionnaire in Iran)for depression and a demographic questionnaire. The two groups were assessed using the Wilcoxon rank-sum test, Mann Whitney U test and paired-t test. Data were analyzed in the SPSS-14.0. The p-value less than 0.05 was considered significant forall tests.

  Results: Mann Whitney U test showed no significant difference between the control and intervention groups in the mean score of depression (p<0.001). In the intervention group, the mean score of depression was 44.46 ± 6.7 at baseline and 20.86 ± 5.9 after the intervention.

  Conclusion : Pre-hysterectomy counseling should be provided for women in order to reduce negative psychological consequences.

  Background & Aim: The ventilator associated pneumonia is a common problem in critical care units. It is associated with increased mortality, cost and length of stay. Nurses have great role in preventing the ventilator associated pneumonia. The aim of this study was to assess nurses' performance in prevention of ventilator associated pneumonia .

  Methods & Materials: In this descriptive study, 110 nurses working in selected hospitals affiliated to Tehran University of Medical Sciences were selected using convenience sampling method. A 32-item observational checklist was provided based on the ventilator associated pneumonia prevention guideline. The nurses' performance was observed three times. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics in the SPSS-16 . 

  Results: This study showed that the mean score of the nurses' prevention was 46.8±5.79. Most of the nurses (66.4%) had poor performance and 36.6% had relatively good performance. There were no nurses with favorable performance in the prevention of ventilator associated pneumonia. The highest score was in contact precaution (72±9.67) and the lowest score was in mouth hygiene (18.78 ± 17.4) .

  Conclusion: The majority of nurses had poor performance in prevention of ventilator associated pneumonia. More attention should be paid for planning appropriate training programs for nurses and giving adequate facilities to improve health care quality .

  Background & Aim: Lack of knowledge about acute myocardial infarction and its treatment result in feeling anxious among the patients. Implementing appropriate educational methods can decrease anxiety in patients with acute myocardial infarction. This study was conducted to compare effects of two educational methods (face-to-face and electronic educational methods) on anxiety among patients with acute myocardial infarction .

  Methods & Materials: This was an experimental study in which 105 patients hospitalized with acute myocardial infarction in the "CCUs" of three educational hospitals were selected based on eligibility criteria and were allocated into three groups including face-to-face educational group, electronic education group, and control group using block randomized allocation. Data were collected using demographic check-list and the Spielberger state-trait anxiety inventory questionnaire. The level of anxiety was measured before and immediately after the interventions in all three groups. Data were analyzed in the SPSS-16.

  Results: Both educational methods reduced anxiety significantly in patients with acute myocardial infarction. There were no significant difference between the two educational method groups in the anxiety level (P=0.94) .

  Conclusion: Both face-to-face and electronic educational methods reduced anxiety in patients with acute myocardial infarction. It is recommended that nurses use one of these educational methods to reduce anxiety among the patients .