M Imanipour, Sh Bassampour, H Haghani,
Volume 14, Issue 2 (12-2008)
Abstract
Background & Aim: Modification of unhealthy life style is a preventive method in cardiovascular diseases. It seems that education which results in enhancing knowledge would improve the life style. For developing effective educational plans, it is required to evaluate the knowledge and performance of the patients. So, this study aimed to determine the relationship between the teachers&apos preventive behaviors and their knowledge on cardiovascular risk factors.
Methods & Materials: This cross-sectional study was conducted in five zones of Ministry of Education in Tehran. Seven hundred and three teachers participated in the study. Multi-stage sampling was used to gather data using a self-report questionnaire consisted of demographic characteristics, risk factors of CAD, and related modifiable behaviors. Data were analyzed using Pearson coefficient test to determine correlations.
Results: The results showed that the majority of participants (67%) had good knowledge on cardiovascular risk factors with the mean scores of 15.20±2.63 out of 20. Stress was found to be the most recognized risk factor (95.3%). Knowledge about diabetes (61.2%) and gender (17.6%) were in the lowest level. Regarding prevention, just 27.7% of the participants reported healthy nutrition. Some of the patients (35.6%) exercised regularly and majority of them (77.7%) were not active or passive smokers. Pearson coefficient did not find any significant relationship between knowledge level and preventive behaviors among teachers.
Conclusion: According to our findings, teachers&apos knowledge level on cardiovascular risk factors was good but it did not result in healthy practice. Therefore, providing effective educational programs about healthy life style can improve their daily life practices, as well as it can affect the knowledge and practice of their students about prevention of CAD.
E Baljani, Jh Rahimi, E Amanpour, S Salimi, M Parkhashjoo,
Volume 17, Issue 1 (4-2011)
Abstract
Background & Aim: Patients adherence to medical recommendations requires new and effective strategies. Promoting self-efficacy is considered as an important measurement to help patients to participate in their own treatment protocol. This study was conducted to determine the effect of a nursing intervention on improving self-efficacy and reducing cardiovascular risk factors in patients with cardiovascular diseases in a public hospital in Urmia.
Methods & Materials: In this single group before/after study, 81 patients with at least two cardiovascular adjustable risk factors were recruited. The self-efficacy intervention was presented to the patients and one of their family members. The self-efficacy was scored before, immediately and one month after the intervention. The Cardiovascular risk factors were measured before and one year after the intervention. Descriptive statistics, ANOVA with repeated measures, paired t-tests, and McNemar test were used to analyze data.
Results: Overall self-efficacy scores and its sub-groups were significantly improved after one month. There were significant differences in the mean BMI, HDL, LDL, systolic and diastolic blood pressures, and weight before and one year after the intervention. The number of smokers and patients with hyperlipidemia were significantly decreased one year after the intervention. However, there were not significant differences in the number of overweight patients and patients with hypertension before and after the intervention.
Conclusion: Results showed that our intervention to improve self-efficacy had positive effect on the overall self-efficacy score and the scores of its subgroups. Our intervention was also effective in controlling cardiovascular risk factors and in reducing the frequency of smokers and patients with hyperlipidemia. It seems that combination of medical orders with self-efficacy improving interventions on patients and their families are influential in controlling cardiovascular risk factors.
Sohbat Safaie, Seyedeh Fatemeh Ghasemi, Fatemeh Valizadeh, Rasool Mohammadi,
Volume 29, Issue 3 (10-2023)
Abstract
Background & Aim: Pressure ulcers pose a serious and anticipated challenge within the health system. The present study aimed to determine the incidence of pressure ulcer and associated factors among children and newborns.
Methods & Materials: In this cohort study a sample size of 1025 children aged 0 to 14 years hospitalized in two medical training centers affiliated with Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, were included. The sampling method employed was convenience sampling, conducted between March and July 2022. The data collection tools utilized in this study included a demographic information questionnaire, the Glasgow Coma Scale, National Pressure Ulcer Counseling Association classification, and Braden Q Scale. The data was analyzed using both univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses.
Results: The incidence rate of pressure ulcers was found to be 4.97% (51 people). In terms of severity, the majority of pressure ulcers were categorized as first grade, accounting for 82.14% (46 people), with the hand area being the most frequently affected site of ulceration, representing 35.71% (20 people). The factors exhibited a significantly higher relative risk of pressure ulcers in children and infants included consciousness level of less than 14 (RR=6.07, 2.90-12.73: 95%CI), hospitalization duration of more than five days (RR=1.08, 1.05-1.12: 95%CI), presence of respiratory problems (RR=2.17, 1.19-3.94: 95%CI), immobility (RR=6.46, 3.44-12.13: 95% CI), utilization of NCPAP mask (RR=1.11, 1.05-1.18: 95% CI), and pulse oximeter (RR=6.07, 1.03-1.10: 95% CI). In the multivariate analysis, hospitalization duration of more than five days (RR=4.89, 2.29-10.40: 95% CI, P<0.001) and immobility (RR=2.49, 1.29-6.29: 95% CI, P=0.01) were found to be significantly associated with an increased risk of pressure ulcers.
Conclusion: The incidence rate of pressure ulcers observed in the present study was relatively low, measuring below 5%. Notably, prolonged hospitalization duration and immobility were identified as the most important risk factors contributing to the development of pressure ulcers among children and infants. Moreover, the utilization of specific medical devices, especially angiocaths and NCPAP masks, as well as the presence of respiratory diseases emerged as additional significant factors associated with the occurrence of pressure ulcers.
