---

Background & Aim: Asthma is one of the most prevalent chronic diseases worldwide. About 6.5 million people suffer from asthma in Iran. The Effective strategy to control asthma is related to education. The self-management has a major role in the standard education program. This study aimed to assess the effect of education on using peak flow meter and follow up via SMS on asthma self management.

Methods & Materials: This study was a quasi-experimental controlled clinical trial. The samples included 98 patients, suffering from asthma referred to the pulmonary clinic in Imam Khomeini and Shariati hospitals. Patients were selected using convenient sampling method and were randomly assigned into the experiment (n=47) and control (n=51) groups through blocking method. Two educational sessions were held in the experiment group about how-to-use peak flow meter. Accordingly, the patients in the experiment group sent their peak flow rates via SMS to the researcher within 12 weeks. The researchers provided feedback to the patients about their asthma control via phone, weekly. Patients in the control group did not receive any education. Data were collected using the Asthma Control Test before and three months after the intervention. Data were analyzed using the statistical tests of Chi-square, Mann-Whitney, Independent t-test and Kolmogorov-Smirnov.

Results: There was a significant statistical difference between the two groups of experiment and control in terms of asthma control (P=0.002).

Conclusion: The education using peak flow meter and following up via SMS promotes asthma self-management. With regard to the significant role of nurses in patient education, educating patients with asthma by nurses is recommended at the Iranian Society of Asthma and Allergies clinics and medical centers.

---

Background & Aim: Prostate carcinoma is the most common cancer among men and the second lethal cancer. The present study aimed to investigate the prostate cancer screening behaviors and its related cognitive psychological factors among men over 50 years of age using the health belief model.
Methods & Materials: This cross-sectional study was performed on 300 men over 50 years of age in Hamadan, selected by cluster sampling method. Data collecting tool was a questionnaire consisted of three sections: demographic information, prostate cancer screening behaviors and health belief model constructs. Data were analyzed using Chi-square test, Fisher's exact test and logistic regression through the SPSS software version 18.
Results: Findings revealed that 12% and 9% of the participants reported having a digital rectal examination (DRE) and prostate specific antigen (PSA) testing respectively. Perceived benefits and perceived barriers were the predictors of prostate cancer screening behaviors (P<0.05). Also, there was a significant relationship between prostate cancer screening behaviors and age and a history of prostate problems (P<0.05).
Conclusion: Given that the health belief model is effective in predicting prostate cancer screening behaviors, using these findings in designing educational interventions for people over 50 is recommended.
 

---

Background & Aim: Female genital cancers are the third most common type of malignancy among women. Considering the importance of these cancers, the present study was conducted to determine the age-standardized rate (ASR) of female genital cancers in Iran.
Methods & Materials: In this systematic review, six international databases (Medline/PubMed, ProQuest, Scopus, Embase, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar), and four national databases (Scientific Information Database, MagIran, IranMedex, and IranDoc) were searched in 2017. Thereafter, Persian and English papers referring to the ASR of female genital cancers in Iran were included. The Joanna Briggs checklist was used to evaluate the quality of studies. Data were independently extracted by two reviewers.
Results: A total of 264 papers were found in the initial search of the databases, and 27 papers were included for final analysis. Based on the random-effect model, the ASR was 2.07 (95% CI, 1.83-2.31) for cervical cancer, 3.15 (95% CI, 2.75-3.54) for ovarian cancer, and 1.52 (95% CI, 1.32-1.73) per 100,000 for uterine cancer.
Conclusion: The ASR of female genital cancers in Iran was lower than other countries of the world. It should be noted that the results of this review must be judged with caution because of the high heterogeneity of the studies.
 

---

Background & Aim: Women with cancer face many stresses. Social support can facilitate coping skills and improve active coping strategies. The purpose of this study was to assess perceived stress and its relationship with perceived social support in women undergoing chemotherapy for genital cancers.
Methods & Materials: This descriptive, correlational study was conducted from March to May 2016 on 151 patients undergoing chemotherapy for gynecologic cancers in oncology wards of Alzahra and Shahid Ghazi hospitals in Tabriz. The perceived stress scale (PSS) and perceived social support scale (PRQ-85-part2) were completed through interviews with patients. Data analysis was performed using the Pearson correlation test, one-way ANOVA and independent t-test.
Results: Mean (and standard deviation) total score of perceived stress for women was 42.26 (3.97) in the score range of 0-56. Mean (and standard deviation) total score of perceived social support for women was 127.55 (16.64) in the score range of 25-175. Based on the Pearson correlation test, no statistically significant correlation was observed between perceived stress and perceived social support (P=0.324, r=0.08).
Conclusion: The findings indicated that the perceived stress score for women with genital cancers was high. Nevertheless, no relationship was observed between perceived stress and perceived social support. Therefore, further studies are needed in this area.
 

---

Background & Aim: Prostate cancer is one of the most common causes of death from cancers in men. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of an educational intervention based on protection motivation theory (PMT) on prostate cancer prevention behaviors in men 50 to 75 years old.
Methods & Materials: This study is a randomized controlled trial with control group conducted on 100 men referred to the retirement centers in Hamadan in 2017. Participants were selected by convenience sampling method and randomly divided into two experimental (n=50) and control groups (n=50). A self-administered questionnaire including demographic information and PMT constructs was completed by the participants. Educational intervention was administered over four sessions in the experimental group. The questionnaires were completed by the two groups two months after the intervention. Data were analyzed by the SPSS software version 16 using independent t-test, Chi-square and the analysis of covariance.
Results: Before the intervention, the two groups were homogeneous in terms of demographic characteristics and the PMT constructs (perceived rewards, perceived response cost, fear, perceived self-efficacy), and cancer screening behavior. The intervention could improve all the PMT constructs in the experimental group compared to the control group. Also, Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA) screening behavior was 38(76) in the experimental group and 16(32) in the control group (P<0.001).
Conclusion: The results of the study showed that protection motivation theory can be used as a framework for designing educational programs to perform prostate cancer screening.
 

---

Background & Aim: Considering the importance of COVID-19 vaccine acceptance to end the corona disease pandemic, the study was conducted to determine the factors affecting the vaccine acceptance based on the behavioral change wheel mode and its components (capability, opportunity, and motivation).
Methods & Materials: In this cross-sectional study, 1102 adults aged 18 years and older living in Bushehr province were selected by multi-stage sampling method from February 16 to 28, 2021. To collect the data, a questionnaire including demographic characteristics, questions on the constructs related to the behavioral change wheel model components and questions on the COVID-19 vaccine acceptance was completed on WhatsApp platform. Data was analyzed using the SPSS software version 22.
Results: The results of the study showed that most participants tended to receive the Iranian vaccine (726 people or 65.9%). Among the demographic factors, only gender was associated with vaccination, and men were more likely to accept to be vaccinated (P=0.022). Among the model constructs, the most predictive construct was related to social support in the opportunity component (P<0.001, β=0.55 and B=0.183). In the motivation component, social role (P<0.001 and β=0.118 and B=0.162) and in the capability component, behavioral regulation (P<0.001 and β=0.152 and B=0.155) had the highest predictor of vaccine acceptance. In general, constructs of opportunity component had the greatest impact on vaccine acceptance.
Conclusion: In order to increase the acceptance of COVID-19 vaccination, opportunities should be provided through social support, vaccination should be introduced as a social role, and behavioral regulation, in other words, understanding of the ability to vaccinate to prevent the disease and break the disease transmission chain should be promoted.
 

---

Background & Aim: Following hypoactive sexual desire disorder, orgasmic disorder is the most commonly reported sexual dysfunction in women. Consultation based on an integrated approach is one of the suitable methods for treating this problem. Considering the prevalence, importance and impact of orgasmic disorder on the quality of individual, family and social life in women, the study aimed at investigating the effect of integrated consultation based on the Ex-PLISSIT model on women's orgasmic disorder.
Methods & Materials: This randomized clinical trial was performed on 60 women with orgasmic disorder referred to the women's clinic of Arash Women's Comprehensive Hospital in Tehran in 2019. Samples were randomly assigned either to intervention or control group. The intervention was done in the form of individual counseling sessions using an integrated approach based on the Ex-PLISSIT model. Data collection tool included the Female Orgasm Scale. Orgasm rate, satisfaction with the number of orgasms, and satisfaction with orgasm quality were assessed before the intervention, 4 and 8 weeks after the intervention. Data were analyzed by Chi-square test, Fisher exact test, independent t-test, repeated measures analysis of variance and analysis of covariance using the SPSS software version 21.
Results: The two groups were homogeneous in the demographic variables (P>0.05). The mean scores of the number of orgasms, satisfaction with the number of orgasms and satisfaction with orgasm quality were not significantly different between the two groups before the intervention (P>0.05). However, 4 and 8 weeks after the intervention, mean scores of the number of orgasms, satisfaction with the number of orgasms, and satisfaction with orgasm quality showed a statistically significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05), and in both times the mean scores in the intervention group was significantly higher than those of in the control group.
Conclusion: The results of the present study showed the positive effect of integrated consultation based on Ex-PLISSIT model on orgasm rate, satisfaction with the number of orgasms and satisfaction with orgasm quality in women.
Clinical trial registry: IRCT20160808029255N