Showing 16 results for Children
N Salmani-Barough, N.d Sharifi-Neiestanak, A Kazemnejad, Sh Pashaeypoor,
Volume 9, Issue 2 (7-2003)
Abstract
Children are the biggest national investment that a society can make. With increased child population so too have their problems increased, amongst which are the increased incidence of street children, which as a result has endangered their health. This research is a descriptive and cross sectional study towards determining the effective factors on the self-concept of street children aged 6-12 years who were referred to the Khajouye Kermani culture house of Tehran in 1380. In this regard, 140 street children between the ages of 6-12 were chosen. The method was a 4-part questionnaire which included personal, family and societal information and questions related to the self- concept of the children. The data was collected by interviews with the children. In accordance with the average and the deviation criteria achieved, the level of self-concept was divided into four groups, extremely negative, negative, positive and extremely positive. The results showed that half of the subjects (50%) had very negative concepts of themselves and only 2.2% of them had a very positive self- concept levels. Therefore the street children had a very low self- concept level. Also as concerns the factors affecting self- concept was also a meaningful relationship between self- concept and some factors such as gender, education, level of income, duration of work, level of happiness within the family, counseling, reaction to the child's mistakes, having necessities for the home, adequate nutrition and clothing, having street friends before work (P<0.05). Therefore street children are at risk as regards their mental and physical development because they suffer from low self- concept levels and require special attention. Because of the vast responsibilities nurses can play an important role to improve of the health of these children.
R Karimi, Z Daneshvar, As Sadat Hoseini, A Mehran, M Shiri,
Volume 14, Issue 1 (11-2008)
Abstract
Background & Aim: Due to the fact that family centered care have a crucial role in pediatric nursing, it seems compatibility of nurses&apos and parents&apos perception about parents&apos needs can lead to deliver higher quality care. The aim of this study was to compare parents&apos and nurses&apos perceptions about needs of hospitalized children&aposs parents.
Methods & Materials: This is a cross-sectional survey. One hundred and fifty parents and 80 nurses were selected using convenient sampling method. Data was gathered using Kristjánsdóttir&aposs "parental needs of hospitalized children" questionnaire. Data were analyzed using descriptive and analytical (Chi-squared & Mann-Whitney U tests) methods.
Results: Research findings showed that there was significant difference between both parents&apos and nurses&apos perceptions about parents&apos needs (P=0.012). Both groups believed that parents&apos needs are met partially in hospitals. There was not meaningful difference between the parents&apos and nurses&apos perceptions concerning meeting parental needs (P=0.666). Based on their perceptions, understanding of parents&apos needs help them to meet their requirements in health care facilities. There was a significant difference between parents&apos and nurses&apos perceptions regarding parents&apos need (P=0.018).
Conclusion: Parents and nurses recognized all of the parents&apos needs to be important there were also deficits in meeting these needs. Therefore, parents&apos cooperation with health care team is necessary to facilitate the recovery of sick children as well as meeting parents&apos needs.
F Joukar, Z Taherri Ezbarami, Mr Yegane,
Volume 14, Issue 1 (11-2008)
Abstract
Background & Aim: Exclusive breast feeding is highly recommended for children under six months and the best time for starting supplementary food is the end of sixth months. Inadequate feeding can lead to malnutrition. Since infants&apos supplementary feeding pattern is influenced highly by the socio-cultural status it is necessary to study the subject in diverse conditions. This study aimed to investigate supplementary feeding pattern in 6-12 months children referred to Ilam clinics in 2002.
Methods & Materials: In this study, 364 mothers with 6-12 months children were selected using convenient sampling method from 10 health care centers. Data were collected using a four-sectioned questionnaire including mothers and their babies demographic characteristics, feeding pattern (frequency, the type of milk), supplementary food (the age of onset and the type of the first supplementary food, the time of starting mixed foods, and the source of information about supplementary food) and mothers&apos performance about feeding with supplementary food. The questionnaire was filled via interview.
Results: Findings showed that the growth curve in 84.8% of babies was in the health road. About 38% of babies were the first child. In 50.9% of samples, supplementary food was started before 6 months of age and in 49.9% of the cases, it was started after 6 month old. Supplementary feeding accompanied with breast feeding in 83.5% of the infants. The most used supplementary food was rice mucilage (40.8% of the babies). The interval between starting one supplementary food and the other one was 3-4 days in 50.2% of the cases. Also 80.8% of samples started feeding in the amount of one spoon and increased it gradually. The majority of mothers (64%) did not add sugar, salt and spices in order to attract their babies. As well, 75.6% of samples used spoon and cup for feeding and 92.9% knew the safe time for keeping cooked food in the refrigerator. The source of information about supplementary feeding in 65.4% of mothers was health care providers and in 5% were books and booklets.
Conclusion: Findings indicated that more than half of mothers began supplementary feeding for their children before 6 months old without pursuing any accepted pattern. It seems that usual educational programs in Ilam were unable to answer all the problems aroused in this issue. Hence, educating mothers using other methods such as visual teaching material is recommended.
As Sadat Hoseini,
Volume 15, Issue 2 (10-2009)
Abstract
Background & Aim: Nausea and vomiting is one of the major side-effects of chemotherapy. Due to complex nature of its management, both medical and non-medical therapies are recommended. This study aimed to investigate the effect of music therapy on chemotherapy nausea and vomiting in children with malignancy.
Methods & Materials: In this quasi-experimental study, 30 children aged 8-12 who were under chemotherapy were recruited. After getting the current treatments, the children listened to a kind of music for 45 minutes at 6, 9, and 12 hours after the beginning of the chemotherapy. Nausea and vomiting was measured using both numerical and descriptive scales every 8 hours for 24 hours after beginning of the chemotherapy. Data were analyzed using Willcoxon and Mcnemar statistical tests in the SPSS, version 11.5.
Results: The rate of nausea was declined significantly at the 16th and 24th hours after music therapy. Assessment of nausea by descriptive scale showed a decline only at 24th hours after music therapy. The rate of vomiting did not show any significant difference between two stages.
Conclusion: Music therapy could decrease the amount of nausea in children with malignancy under chemotherapy however, it does not any effect on the rate of vomiting.
As Sadat Hoseini, N Dehghan Nayeri, A Mehran, Z Pour Esmael, M Azimnejad,
Volume 16, Issue 3 (1-2011)
Abstract
Background & Objective: Invasive procedures are severe stressors for
in-patient children. The stress result in sleep disorder, reduced concentration, and increased pain. Nowadays, pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic interventions are used to control stress. We aimed to assess the effect of massage on children&aposs anxiety level before intensive procedures.
Methods & Materials: In this clinical trial, 70 children aged 7-11 were recruited from a children hospital. The participants were randomly allocated to the intervention and control groups. The intervention group received massage therapy in the Yeen tang point and palms for five minutes. The control group received the usual care. Anxiety was measured using OSBD-R. Data were analyzed using Mann-Wittny and Willcoxon statistical tests.
Results: The anxiety level was not significantly different between two groups before the intervention (Control group: 3.24±0.48 Intervention group: 3.24±0.56) (P=0.472). Following the massage, the anxiety level decreased significantly in the intervention group (Intervention group: 1.57±0.54 Control group: 3.37±0.46) (P<0.001).
Conclusion: Massage in the Yeen tang point and palms can reduce the anxiety level in hospitalized children prior to invasive procedures. It is recommended to use this massage technique in pediatric wards to reduce anxiety level.
Tahereh Sadeghi, Mahmood Shamshiri, Nooredin Mohammadi, Mahnaz Shoghi,
Volume 18, Issue 4 (2-2013)
Abstract
Background & Aim: Pain is an unpleasant experience related to potential or actual tissue damage. Distraction is an effective technique to control pain. This study aimed to examine the effect of pressing a small soft ball during intravenous catheter insertion on pain related behavioral responses of children.
Methods & Materials: A randomized clinical trial study was conducted in surgical ward of the Qods hospital in Qazvin, Iran in 2010. Sixty children aged 4-6 were selected through a simple randomized sampling method. The children were allocated into two equal intervention and control groups. Data were collected using the FLACC scale. In the intervention group, children were asked to press a soft ball during IV catheter insertion. The researcher marked the FLACC during the procedure. In the control group, no distraction was made during the IV catheter placement. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, independent-sample t-test, Chi square at P<0.05.
Results: There was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of demographic variables including gender, birth order, race, age and type of disease. In the intervention group, none of the children experienced severe pain during IV catheter insertion and 63.3% of the children had moderate pain. In the control group, 50.0% of children had moderate pain and 23.3% of them experienced severe pain during IV catheter insertion. There was a significant difference in perceived pain between the children of two groups (P<0.001).
Conclusion: Distraction is an effective, non-expensive, and easy-to-access technique to control and reduce pain in children during IV catheter placement. This study showed that distraction through pressing a soft ball was effective in reducing the behavioral responses of pain in children who underwent IV catheter placement.
Nasrin Alaee, Farahnaz Mohammadi-Shahboulaghi, Hamid Reza Khankeh, Sima Mohammad Khan Kermanshahi,
Volume 19, Issue 2 (11-2013)
Abstract
Background & Aim: Children with cerebral palsy need permanent care and attention in various stages of growth and development. The parents experience problems in taking care of these children and making them independent. This study was conducted to explore these experiences.
Methods & Materials : This qualitative study was conducted in 2011-2012 using content analysis. Purposeful sampling was used to recruit 19 parents of children with cerebral palsy referred to rehabilitation centers in Tehran. The data were gathered using in-depth and semi-structured interviews and were analyzed inductively.
Results: Data analysis results revealed three original categories including "life with hardness" ، "being in ambiguity" ، and "need to be supported" ، and several subcategories including "physical strain" ، "psycho-emotional strain" ، financial burden" ، "restriction in social activities" "facing with anonymous" ، "lack of having an advisor" ، "need to get help from professionals and specialists" ، "need to have emotional- spiritual support" ، and "need to have help in caring the child".
Conclusion : Parents in permanent care of children with cerebral palsy face with new and various situations consistently and experience difficulty and bewilderment because of insufficient family and social support. Further studies are needed to explore the support process of caregiver parents of these children.
Sedigheh Khanjari, Naiemeh Seyedfatemi, Somayeh Borji, Hamid Haghani,
Volume 19, Issue 4 (3-2014)
Abstract
Background & Aim: Cancer is the most common childhood chronic medical illnesses that can affect quality of life of the children and their families. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of coping skills training on quality of life among parents of children with leukemia.
Methods & Materials: This non-randomized clinical trial was conducted from March to June 2013. Ninety eight parents of children with leukemia who were referred to two selected hospitals affiliated to Tehran University of Medical Sciences were enrolled to study using convenience sampling method. The participants were allocated to two experimental (n=48) and control (n=50) groups. Data were collected through two questionnaires including demographic characteristics of the parents and children, and the Persian version of the Caregivers Quality Of Life index Cancer. Coping skills training including social communication skills was performed through small group discussion (5-8 members) in four 2-hours sessions for the experimental group. The questionnaires were completed four weeks after the intervention by the parents. Data were analyzed using the independent t-test, paired t-test, Fisher's exact test and Chi-squared test in the SPSS-16.
Results: The results showed significant increase in the overall quality of life after the intervention (P<0.001). The quality of life of parents in the experimental group was improved significantly in comparison with the control group (P=0.045). Mental/emotional burden (P<0.001) and lifestyle disruption (P<0.001) decreased significantly after the intervention.
Conclusion: The coping skills training affected the quality of life among parents of children with leukemia . Effective educational interventions may help to increase the quality of life of parents who have children with Leukemia.
Sedigheh Khanjari, Razieh Talebi, Seyedeh Fatemeh Haghdoost Oskouie,
Volume 21, Issue 1 (6-2015)
Abstract
Background & Aim: The &beta-Thalassemia major is a chronic disease that needs a regular blood transfusion. The blood transfusion is a complex process with high probability of human errors during the process which results in serious adverse events in patients. Nurses should deliver care based on the best available evidence or best practice. The aim of this study was to develop an evidence-based clinical guideline of blood transfusion in children with thalassemia .
Methods & Materials: This study was conducted during 16 months from 2013 to 2014 based on three-step process of guideline adaptation including set up, adaptation and finalization. During these steps, topic and aims of the study were clearly identified. Then health questions were designed based on the PIPOH method. After conducting systematic searches, quality of the retrieved clinical guidelines was evaluated using the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation (AGREE) instrument and a committee consisting of experts and policy-makers in nursing field. After external review, expert panel meetings and consensus between members, the final version of the guideline was developed .
Results: The criteria of clinical practice regarding stages of blood transfusion were determined based on the evidence, cultural and health conditions and were presented in twelve sections.
Conclusion: This clinical practice guideline developed based on evidence can guide blood transfusion process in clinical practice.
Mahnaz Sharifi, Akram Karimi-Shahanjarini, Saeed Bashirian, Abbas Moghimbeigi,
Volume 22, Issue 4 (1-2017)
Abstract
Background & Aim: Unhealthy snacks consumption has an important role in childhood obesity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of an educational intervention for mothers on the consumption of healthy snacks in children aged 1-5 years using social cognitive theory.
Methods & Materials: This quasi-experimental study was (IRCT2013062912456N2) conducted on 126 mothers who had children 1-5 years old in 2013. The mothers were selected from Hamadan health centers and divided into two groups of intervention and control. The intervention consisted of four sessions, a booklet, a short video, and 6 written messages. The constructs of SCT and food consumption frequency were assessed at baseline, 10 days after the last session and 2-months after the intervention. The data were analyzed by Chi-square test, independent t-test, repeated measures and covariance analysis using SPSS software version 16.
Results: At baseline, the two groups were similar in the demographic characteristics, the constructs of SCT, and unhealthy snacks consumption frequency (P>0.05). Considering that the interaction effects of group and time in the repeated measurement analysis of variance were significant, the means of two groups were compared at each stage using independent t test and significant differences between the two groups were observed at two stages after the intervention.
Conclusion: This intervention had a positive effect on the consumption of healthy snacks. Therefore, SCT and the implemented procedure could be used to develop interventions to modify snack consumption patterns in children.
Leila Valizadeh, Vahid Zamanzadeh, Akram Ghahramanian, Parvaneh Aghajari,
Volume 23, Issue 1 (4-2017)
Abstract
Background & Aim: Culturally sensitive care is an essential component of professional development process and one of the predictive factors of nurses’ cultural competency. This care is the most important approach to improve the quality of nursing care in culturally diverse groups. The current study aimed to explore the consequences of culturally sensitive care in pediatric nursing.
Methods & Materials: This study is a qualitative study using conventional content analysis. 25 nurses and 9 parents were purposefully selected with maximum variation sampling from the pediatric wards of three referral teaching hospitals in Tabriz and Tehran in 2015-2016. Data were collected through in-depth interviews and field notes and simultaneously analyzed using MAXQDA software version 10.
Results: The consequences of culturally sensitive care in pediatric nursing emerged in two categories: justice-based care (with three subcategories: the lack of cultural bias, culture-based communication and effective participation) and cultural satisfaction (with two subcategories: reduced cultural stress and safe care). Culturally sensitive care prevents misunderstandings and improves nurse-child/parents communication and leads to parents’ honesty to share information and express cultural needs. The expression of cultural needs decreases stress levels in parents and children and results in safe care by reducing intractable traditional treatment.
Conclusion: According to the findings of this study, it is suggested that effective culturally sensitive interventions in pediatric wards should be included in in-service courses and nursing curriculum.
Azar Aran, Farokh Abazari, Jamileh Farokhzadian, Mansooreh Azizzadeh Forouzi,
Volume 24, Issue 1 (5-2018)
Abstract
Background & Aim: Family-centered care is a concept for describing the approach to caring for children and their families in health services and its main element is the involvement of parents in child care. This study aimed to compare the perception of family-centered care from the perspectives of nursing staff and mothers of hospitalized children in children’s wards.
Methods & Materials: This study was a cross-sectional study conducted on 82 mothers of hospitalized children and 60 nurses working in children’s wards of Afzalipour hospital in Kerman in 2017. In this study, a questionnaire on the family-centered care perception from the perspectives of nurses and mothers was used for data collection. Data were analyzed through SPSS software version 20 using t test, analysis of variance and Pearson correlation coefficient.
Results: Average scores for the perception of family-centered care from the perspective of nurses (3.17±0.79) and of the mothers (2.47±0.85) had significant differences between the two groups (P<0.001). In two groups, the highest average was related to the area of cooperation and the lowest average was related to the support area.
Conclusion: Findings showed nurses’ and mothers’ perceptions of family-centered care were positive but nurses have significantly more positive perception than mothers. This can be promising and nursing staff are required to be diligent about mothers’ participation in care so that the child receives better care.
Fahimeh Sabeti, Ahmad Bahrami, Somayeh Nasrollahpor, Hamid Haghani,
Volume 25, Issue 1 (5-2019)
Abstract
Background & Aim: The goal of asthma treatment and management is its control. Yoga is one of the complementary treatments which is used to control asthma. This study aimed to determine the effect of yoga breathing exercises on asthma control in 5-11 year-old children with asthma.
Methods & Materials: In this quasi-experimental study, 84 children with asthma, aged 5-11 years, referred to Asthma and Allergy Clinic of Aliasghar hospital, were included in the study in 2018. The participants were selected through continuous sampling and non-randomly allocated to an experiment- or a control group (42 in each group). The Childhood Asthma Control Test (C_ACT) was used to collect the data, before and after the intervention. The intervention included yoga breathing exercises. The researcher trained the children and their parents at the clinic and these exercises were performed by the children for two months, with parental supervision at home. Data were analyzed by the SPSS software version 21 using independent t-test, paired t-test, chi-square and Fishers exact test.
Results: The mean of age was 8.42(1.96) for the experiment group and 8.11(1.8) for the control group. In the experiment group, 76.2% were male, and 23.8% were female. In the control group, 73.8% were male and 26.2% were female. Before the intervention, the mean of asthma control score was 17.81±4.42 for the experiment group and 18.38±4.24 for the control group but this difference was not statistically significant (P=0.54). After the intervention, the mean of asthma control score for the experiment group and control group was 21.69±1.6 and 19.83±2.4, respectively. This difference was statistically significant (P˂0.001).
Conclusion: Yoga breathing exercises improved asthma in children. According to the results, yoga breathing exercises are suggested as scientific, simple and refreshing techniques in children with asthma.
Clinical trial registry: IRCT20180501039489N1
Mina Hasan Zadeh, Parvaneh Vasli, Fatemeh Estebsari, Malihe Nasiri,
Volume 25, Issue 4 (1-2020)
Abstract
Background & Aim: Caring for children with chronic illness is associated with the care burden of families and affects their self-efficacy. In addition, family-centered care can have positive outcomes. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship of the perception of family-centered care, burden of care and self-efficacy in the mothers of children with chronic illness.
Methods & Materials: This descriptive-analytical study was conducted in 2019 on 220 mothers of children with chronic illness, admitted to pediatric hospitals in Tehran and were selected using the convenience sampling method. Data were collected using the Perception of Family-Centered Care-Parent, Perceived Maternal Parenting Self-Efficacy, and the Impact-on-Family Scale. Data were analyzed by SPSS software version18 using descriptive and inferential statistics such as Pearson correlation and regression tests at the significance level of 0.05.
Results: Results showed that perception of family-centered care is directly associated with self-efficacy and inversely associated with the burden of care (respectively P<0.001 and P=0.022), so that for each 1-unit increase in the score of perception of family-centered care, self-efficacy of mothers increased by 0.25 and the burden of care decreased by 0.23. No significant association was found between self-efficacy and the burden of care (P=0.962).
Conclusion: Given that family-centered care can lead to an increase in self-efficacy and a reduction in the burden of care, nurses can improve mothers’ self-efficacy and reduce their burden of care by improving family-centered care.
Ahmad Shamsi, Leila Valizadeh, Mahni Rahkar Farshi, Mohammad Asghari Jafarabadi,
Volume 27, Issue 2 (7-2021)
Abstract
Background & Aim: Structured description of pediatric medical emergencies requires the assessment and classification of underlying factors. The aim of study was to investigate frequency of predisposing factors for the entry of foreign bodies (FB) in the ear, ingestion and aspiration in children under five years in Tabriz.
Methods & Materials: This is a descriptive, cross-sectional study conducted through convenience sampling (n=245) in the ENT and emergency departments and the clinic of children's hospital in Tabriz, from March 2019 to June 2019. A researcher-made tool including the demographic characteristics form and questionnaire on predisposing factors was used to collect the data. Data was analyzed using the SPSS software version 21 through descriptive statistics.
Results: There were 137 (55.9%) cases of FB aspiration into the airways (upper and lower), and the highest was related to nose. FB in ear was 19.6% and in stomach was 19.2%. Clinical manifestations were pain (50.2%), no clinical signs (29.4%), and the rest were bleeding with pain, cough, shortness of breath, suffocation, wheezing, nausea, and vomiting. The place of event was at home (in living room) and in the evening and night time. FB types included objects, food stuff/snacks/nuts, beans and fruit cores, and toy pieces, and it is most likely to be seed, toy pieces, nuts, shirt buttons, and rosary beads.
Conclusion: Parental, child-related, and environmental predisposing factors were reported. Therefore, future studies are suggested to evaluate the contribution of each of three factors and to implement necessary educational, notification, and interventional measures.
Sohbat Safaie, Seyedeh Fatemeh Ghasemi, Fatemeh Valizadeh, Rasool Mohammadi,
Volume 29, Issue 3 (10-2023)
Abstract
Background & Aim: Pressure ulcers pose a serious and anticipated challenge within the health system. The present study aimed to determine the incidence of pressure ulcer and associated factors among children and newborns.
Methods & Materials: In this cohort study a sample size of 1025 children aged 0 to 14 years hospitalized in two medical training centers affiliated with Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, were included. The sampling method employed was convenience sampling, conducted between March and July 2022. The data collection tools utilized in this study included a demographic information questionnaire, the Glasgow Coma Scale, National Pressure Ulcer Counseling Association classification, and Braden Q Scale. The data was analyzed using both univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses.
Results: The incidence rate of pressure ulcers was found to be 4.97% (51 people). In terms of severity, the majority of pressure ulcers were categorized as first grade, accounting for 82.14% (46 people), with the hand area being the most frequently affected site of ulceration, representing 35.71% (20 people). The factors exhibited a significantly higher relative risk of pressure ulcers in children and infants included consciousness level of less than 14 (RR=6.07, 2.90-12.73: 95%CI), hospitalization duration of more than five days (RR=1.08, 1.05-1.12: 95%CI), presence of respiratory problems (RR=2.17, 1.19-3.94: 95%CI), immobility (RR=6.46, 3.44-12.13: 95% CI), utilization of NCPAP mask (RR=1.11, 1.05-1.18: 95% CI), and pulse oximeter (RR=6.07, 1.03-1.10: 95% CI). In the multivariate analysis, hospitalization duration of more than five days (RR=4.89, 2.29-10.40: 95% CI, P<0.001) and immobility (RR=2.49, 1.29-6.29: 95% CI, P=0.01) were found to be significantly associated with an increased risk of pressure ulcers.
Conclusion: The incidence rate of pressure ulcers observed in the present study was relatively low, measuring below 5%. Notably, prolonged hospitalization duration and immobility were identified as the most important risk factors contributing to the development of pressure ulcers among children and infants. Moreover, the utilization of specific medical devices, especially angiocaths and NCPAP masks, as well as the presence of respiratory diseases emerged as additional significant factors associated with the occurrence of pressure ulcers.
