Showing 57 results for Ear
L Vali Zadeh, V Zaman Zadeh, A Fathi Azar, A Safaeian,
Volume 8, Issue 2 (5-2002)
Abstract
This research is a descriptive study in order to assess barriers and facilitators of research utilization among nurses working in teaching hospitals in Tabriz, year 2001.
The aim is to identify causes of low extent of utilization and also to assess barriers and facilitators of researches.
This study was conducted upon 304 nurses working in 12 teaching hospitals of Tabriz, which were selected by random sampling. Instrument used for study was questionnaire. Data were analyzed using SPSS (10). The results of this study showed that three major barriers for research utilization included: 1) inadequate facilities for implementation, 2) Physicians will not cooperate with implementation and 3) the nurses do not have sufficient time to read researches. Facilitators which nurses suggested, emphasized on the role of education in enhancing their knowledge and skills of research evaluation.
Z Parsa-Yekta, Sh Basam Poor, A Mehran, H Esnaashari,
Volume 9, Issue 2 (7-2003)
Abstract
Fear is an undesirable feeling which most of the time results in physiological changes and can affect on the cardiovascular function of the patient. This research is a cross-sectional descriptive study that describes the congruency opinions between 91 patients /nurses about the reasons for patients’ fear related to coronary angiography in two affiliated hospitals of Tehran University of Medical Sciences. The tools which were used included: questionnaire for study and recognition of patient and nurses demographic characteristics, a check list containing thirty probable reasons for patients’ fear which were filled out by patients and nurses, and a scale for analysis of the reasons for fear which were filled out by patients, descriptive statistics indicators, sign test, and t-test were applied in order to analyze the data, by SPSS software. The results showed that patients’ and nurses’ ideas about the reasons for fear before angiography are similar in two cases and only in one case after the operation. Among the thirty probable reasons which were mentioned for patients’ fear, seventeen cases caused less fear after angiography and two cases caused more fear after that. In the comparison between the intensity of fear caused by other reasons no insignificant result was observed. The comparison of intensity of fear showed that the intensity of patients’ fear after angiography is less than before (p= 0.005). According to these cases it may be concluded that because of the different reasons for patients’ fear concerning angiography, nurses need to pay more attention to patients’ fear. It is also suggested that an assessment tool be used in order to assess issues relating to patients, level of care and training related to coronary angiography.
A.r Nikbakht Nasrabadi , Z Parsa Yekta , A Emami ,
Volume 10, Issue 3 (7-2004)
Abstract
Introduction: Phenomenological investigation of nursing profession and nurses&apos perspectives in Iran in comparison to a caring-oriented nursing system (Sweden) is the main purpose of this study.
Materials and Methods: Interpretive phenomenology was used to conduct this study. Data gathering methods included observation and semi-structured interviews with 1) Iranian nurses, 2) Swedish nurses, 3) Iranian nurses who graduated from nursing in Iran but work as nurse in Sweden and 4) Iranian nurses who work as nurse in Sweden and studied nursing there. Content Analysis was used for data analysis.
Results: Except humanitarian approach to nursing in a small group of Iranian nurses, the difficulties experienced due to work conditions and environmental factors have lead them to a state of burnout. Although caring is a primacy in nursing, enough attention is not being paid to it in nursing education programs.
Conclusion: Burnout as a main theme which emerged in this study affects all aspects of nursing profession in Iran. The nature of nursing profession, its routine tasks and poor public image as well as sociocultural factors have influenced nursing negatively.
A.r Nikbakht Nasrabadi , Z Parsa Yekta , L Barimnejad,
Volume 11, Issue 2 (5-2005)
Abstract
Introduction: Continuous professional development is an essential component within many health care 'Learning Organizations'. This paper describes an initiation to develop a professional practice development framework for faculties in Tehran Nursing and Midwifery School.
Materials and Methods: The project was undertaken within an action research methodology with four phases .The goal of the project was to improve research, provide competition, reinforce data management, identify priority of needs in nursing and midwifery, and in so doing, enhance knowledge of the development of health information resources. A multi-method approach to data collection was undertaken to capture the change process from different stakeholders' perceptions. Triangulation of the data was undertaken. Despite organizational constraints, leadership and peer support enabled the co-researchers to identify and initiate high quality research initiatives. The change process for the co-researchers included: enlightening personal journey, exploring the research-practice gap, enhancing personal and professional knowledge, evolving cultural change and collaborative working.
Results: Descriptive analysis and evaluation method showed that the project was done effectively.
Conclusion: A more flexible time-scale and long term funding are required to enable continuity for trust-wide projects undertaken in dynamic academic settings
F Sistanehei , Z Goudarzi , R Rezapour , A Mehran , A Mahmoodi , M Gheri Tafreshi , H Ahmadvand , Y Shimodaira , M Ohara , K Emora ,
Volume 11, Issue 2 (5-2005)
Abstract
Introduction: It is necessary to understand that psychological reactions after a natural disaster are as complex as disaster itself. Following a catastrophic earthquake like Bam’s, such reactions can be seen in nursing team members as well.
Materials and Methods: This study is a descriptive cross sectional analytic research, conducted with cooperation of Japanese Nursing Association to identify somatic and psychological problems of nursing team members of Bam. A total of 92 members of nursing team affiliated to healthcare centers of Bam were studied. Data collection tools were 2 questionnaires first for evaluating demographic characteristics and general health and second- questionnaire of Goldberg and Williams- for evaluation of four domains of psychosomatic problems, anxiety and insomnia, psychosocial functioning and severe depression. Each domain contained seven questions, each scored from 0 to 3 based on Likert score. Complete score of general health was 0-84. Scores were classified in four groups: 0-20 as optimal, 21-4 as approximately optimal, 41-6 as approximately suboptimal and 61 and higher as suboptimal.
Results: One year after the earthquake, evaluation of general health of nursing team members showed 30.3% of subjects had optimal psychosomatic status, 34.8% had moderate problems of anxiety and insomnia, 40.2% had approximately optimal psychosocial functioning and 44.2% of subjects were not severely depressed. Overall, 38.4% of nursing team members had approximately optimal general health.
Conclusion: This study showed that following a catastrophic earthquake, most of the victims suffer from several psychological and somatic reactions. In addition to on time rescue procedures, other important allaying factors are cultural and religious values and believing in God.
Z Taghizadeh , A Rezaipour , A Kazemnejad , Z Mirsaeedi ,
Volume 12, Issue 1 (5-2006)
Abstract
Background & Aim: Regarding to increasing of life expectancy, Women spend a greater proportion of their life in menopause that is associated with complications and makes disability for them. One of the safe treatments for these complications is herbal therapy.
Methods & Materials: This research is a semiexperimental study. Randomized cluster sampling method was used to select 50 menopaused women ranging from 45 to 55 years old. Experimental group used vitagnus (40 drops daily) for three months. The data was collected by interviewing and a structured questionnaire and daily diary. The data was analyzed by descriptive (percent, mean, standard deviation) and inferencing (2, t-test, Mcnimar, repeated ANOVA) statistical methods by SPSS software.
Results: The results showed a significant reduction in early menopausal complications after intervention (p<0.05). The most major improvement in menopaused women was realated to hotflash (52.2%) and night sweat (51.3%). The other complications showed moderate improvement. Conclusion: Vitagnus is effective in improving of early menopausal complications and therefore doctors and midwives can prescribe vitex instead of HRT in menopausal women.
Z Rahnavard , M Zolfaghari , A Kazemnejad , Kh Hatamipour ,
Volume 12, Issue 1 (5-2006)
Abstract
Background & Aim: Improving the quality of life is generally one of the main goals in caring of the patients with congestive heart failure, so identifying factors affecting it is significantly important. This study was conducted to determining the quality of life of these patients.
Methods & Materials: 184 of patients congestive heart failure who referred to clinics of Tehran University of Medical Sciences were chosen by goal-based sampling method. Data collection was done by questionnaire, which was consisted of 4 parts: individual factors, factors related to disease, patient knowledge and quality of life. Data analysis was done by SPSS computerized software.
Results: Most of the researching samples in fallowing dimensions had undesirable quality of life: physical activity dimension (44.6%), Psychological dimension (47.3%), Economical/Social dimension (49.5%), total Quality of life (46.7%) and had fairly desirable quality of life in general health dimension (42.4%). There is a significant statistical relationship between quality of life and these variables: job, Education level, care giver, the intensity of illness, duration of illness period, number of refers to physician and hospitalization, duration of combination of hypertension with CHF, presence of edema, high cholesterol, characteristics of disease, the intensity of fatigue at the time of research and in last 1 month ago (p=0.000) and the kinds of using drugs (p=0.039), but there is not a significant statistical relationship between quality of life and these variable: age, gender, Marriage status, Number of people living together, Having therapeutic insurance, Smoking, Body Mass Index: BMI presence of Myocardial Infarction or other diseases and patient knowledge.
Conclusion: Congestive heart failure has a negative affect on quality of life. So assessing the quality of life and promoting it is viewed as one of the duties of nurses and also as one of the major caring goals.
F Shojaei,
Volume 14, Issue 2 (12-2008)
Abstract
Background & Aim: Today, quality of life measurement is important in health care systems especially for patients with chronic diseases. Heart failure has several complications that affect patients&apos lives. The aim of this study was to investigate the quality of life and its dimensions in patients with heart failure.
Methods & Materials: It is a cross-sectional study. Two hundred and fifty patients with heart failure referred to Tehran medical centers were selected using convenience random sampling method. Data were collected using "Ferrans and Powers quality of life Index". Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, chi-square, and Pearson correlation coefficients.
Results: The study findings showed that 76/4% of the participants possessed undesirable and less desirable levels of quality of life. There was significant statistical relationship between quality of life with age, gender, education, marriage status, ejection fraction, length of heart disease, co-morbidity, and readmission.
Conclusion: Cardiac heart failure has negative effects on quality of life. So, it seems that if assessing the QOL of these patients becomes one of the nurses&apos duties, it will promote the major caring goals.
M Zolfaghari, Mr Sarmadi, R Negarandeh, B Zandi, F Ahmadi,
Volume 15, Issue 1 (8-2009)
Abstract
Background & Aim: Blended E-Learning is an educational method which has been used recently in higher education worldwide. So, it seems that it is crucial for the Iranian academic members to accept it as a new educational method. This study was conducted to investigate attitudes of the faculty of Nursing and Midwifery School at Tehran University of Medical Sciences toward blended E-learning.
Methods & Materials: In this cross-sectional study, all faculty members of Tehran University of Medical Science (n=60) were recruited to the study. Data were gathered using validated and reliable self-designed questionnaires. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS software.
Results: The response rate was 93.33% (n=56). Most of the respondents (85.7%) were female. The mean age was 44.88 (SD=5.6). The years of teaching ranged from 5-30 years (mean=16.75). The majority of the respondents (66%) had positive attitude toward blended e-learning thirty four per cent had completely positive attitude and none of them had negative attitudes. About 41% reported that they were eager to provide their course syllabuses according to this approach and 87.5% said that they were willing to attend the blended e-learning education workshops. There were no significant relationships between demographic variables and the attitudes. There was a significant relationship between willing to attend the workshops and positive attitude toward blended e-learning (P=0.012).
Conclusion: According to the positive attitude of the respondents toward blended e-learning, it is recommended that further studies take place in order to design and implement the approach in formal education in the school of Nursing and Midwifery of Tehran University of Medical Science.
N Mehrdad, M Salsali, A Kazemnejad,
Volume 15, Issue 3 (12-2009)
Abstract
Background & Objective: Research utilization is an important way to extent the knowledge in nursing practice. It empowers the nursing profession. Research utilization is a new paradigm in Iran&aposs nursing care. This study aimed to assess the extent of research utilization in nursing clinical practice in Tehran, Iran.
Methods & Materials: This is a cross-sectional study. The clinical nurses with at least one year of work experience were selected through a multistage stratified sampling method. They completed a five-sectioned self-report questionnaire. The scores were categorized into high, intermediate, and low. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Chi-Square test in SPSS.
Results: Findings revealed that the research utilization in 66.9% of the nurses was low. There was significant relationships between the extent of research utilization and the level of education, professional condition, clinical setting, research activities, work shift, job satisfaction, and English language skills.
Conclusion: The majority of nurses&apos practice is not according to the research findings. We need to find appropriate strategies to enable us to utilize the research findings.
Sh Salehitali, A Hasanpour Dehkordi, Sm Hoseini Hafshejani, A Jafarei,
Volume 15, Issue 4 (3-2010)
Abstract
Background & Aim: Despite the advancement of medical science, readmission of the heart failure patient remains a serous problem. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of continuous care and educational intervention on the rate of readmissions, refers to physician, and health costs in patients discharged from hospital.
Methods & Materials: This study was a randomized clinical trial in which 110 patients were studied. The participants were allocated in two experimental and control groups. Data were gathered using questionnaires. Home visits were carried out in the experimental group during six months. At the end of the intervention, the rate of readmissions, referrals, and health care costs were compared in the two groups. Data were analyzed using independent t-test, Fisher&aposs exact test, and Chi-square test.
Results: Results indicated that the rate of readmissions (1.65±1.01 vs. 2.74±1.07, respectively), and refers to physicians (2.73±1.24 vs. 3.32±0.94, respectively) were lower in the experiment group than the control group (P<0.05) after the intervention. The average health care cost in the intervention group (2494000±172150 Rials) did not differ significantly with the control group (2736800±167360 Rials) (P>0.05).
Conclusion: The results of this study indicated that the nursing interventions such as home visits are effective in lowering readmissions and refers to physicians in patients with heart failure. It seems that home visits are necessary in promoting the patients health.
M Hemmati Maslakpak, F Ahmadi, A Feizi,
Volume 17, Issue 1 (4-2011)
Abstract
Background & Aim: Parents participation in management of diabetes has been recognized to be beneficent. Recognizing parents&apos worries should be addressed to plan effective health promoting programs. This study aimed to explore parents&apos worries about life problems of adolescent girls with diabetes.
Methods & Materials: In this qualitative study, 26 parents (16 mothers and 10 fathers) of adolescent girls with type 1 diabetes were recruited using purposive sampling from the Diabetes Society in west Azerbaijan. Data were collected using in-depth and semi-structured interviews. Analysis of the transcripts was guided by qualitative content analysis.
Results: Qualitative content analysis demonstrated three original categories from parents&apos worries: 1) worries about the future 2) worries about the treatments and 3) worries about the society.
Conclusion: Better perception of parents&apos concerns may promote effective communication between health professionals and parents. Modification of parents&apos personal control and perceived threat through appropriate educational programs that acknowledge and address their concerns may be a means of empowering parents.
N Nejat, Hr Kouhestani, K Rezaei,
Volume 17, Issue 2 (7-2011)
Abstract
Background & Aim: Most of the recent studies in nursing education have been focused on outcomes of learning. Conventional clinical nursing education, which emphasizes on skill acquisitions, may not encourage students to adopt meaningful or deep learning approaches. This study examined the effect of Concept Mapping on learning approaches among nursing students.
Methods & Materials: In this quasi-experimental study, 53 nursing students were randomly divided into two control (n=25) and experimental (n=28) groups. We taught concept mapping for the nurses in the experimental group to use it in caring patients and learning clinical skills. The control group received traditional nursing care plan lessons. Before and at the end of the intervention, the students&apos approach to learning was assessed using the Study Process Questionnaire. Data was analyzed using independent t test.
Results: No statistically significant difference was found between the control and experimental groups on demographics, surface and deep approaches to learning at the beginning of the study (P>0.05). Deep approach to learning increased significantly in the experimental group after the intervention (P=0.03). There was also statistically significant difference in the deep approach to learning between two groups (P=0.02). No statistically significant difference was found in the surface approaches to learning between two groups.
Conclusion: The results of this study provided empirical support for the use of concept mapping as a meta cognitive intervention to increase students&apos meaningful learning and academic achievement.
Nasrin Hanifi, Nasrin Bahraminejad, Saide Amane Idea Dadgaran, Fazlollah Ahmadi, Mohammad Khani, Saide Fatemeh Haghdoost Oskouie,
Volume 17, Issue 3 (9-2011)
Abstract
Background & Aim: Physiologic signs of anxiety usually change hemodynamic variables in patients undergoing heart catheterization. This study carried out to determine the effect of Orientation Program on hemodynamic variables in patient undergoing heart catheterization.
Methods & Materials: In this experimental study, 60 patients undergoing heart catheterization were randomly assigned to either the test or control group. Data were collected using the demographic checklist and a hemodynamic variables checklist for recording hemodynamic variables. The collected data were analyzed using the Chi-square, repeated measurement, and independent t test in the SPSS.
Results: According to the results, there were significant reductions in the systolic and diastolic blood pressures, pulse rate, respiratory rate and systolic left ventricle pressure in the intervention group after the intervention (P<0.05). There were no significant statistical difference between the two groups in systolic aorta pressure (P=0.173), diastolic aorta pressure (P=0.104), and end diastolic left ventricle pressure (P=0.886).
Conclusion: Orientation program had positive effects on most of the hemodynamic variables in the intervention group. The Orientation program is recommended to be used during invasive diagnostic procedures in order to prohibit anxiety&aposs physiologic complications.
Parvaneh Vasli, Mahvash Salsali, Parvin Tatarpoor,
Volume 18, Issue 3 (8-2012)
Abstract
Background & Objective: Parental participation in pediatric nursing is not ideally done due to several barriers. This qualitative study aimed to explore the barriers of parental participation in pediatric care during 2011-2012.
Methods & Materials: This qualitative study was carried out using content analysis approach. Data were gathered through face to face semi-structured interviews with a sample of pediatric nurses (n=11) who were recruited through purposeful sampling from a pediatric hospital in Tehran. After gaining data saturation, data were analyzed using content analysis method.
Results: Four main themes were emerged as barriers of parental participation in pediatric care including mutual motivation and interest in both parties (motivation and attitudes of nurses and interest in parents), management (lack of support for nurses, nursing shortage, nurses&apos workload, and poor teamwork between nurses and physicians), confidence in the nursing profession, and finally undefined role for mothers.
Conclusion: Findings revealed the barriers of parental participation in caring for their hospitalized children. Managers and nurses can take advantages of these findings to improve and strengthen parental participation in pediatric care units during hospitalization.
Masoomeh Imanipour, Zahra Heidari, Naiemeh Seyedfatemi, Hamid Haghani,
Volume 18, Issue 3 (8-2012)
Abstract
Background & Objective: Hospitalization of patients in the intensive care unit of open heart surgery (ICUOH) is often stressful for patients&apos family carers. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of the informational support on anxiety among families of patients undergone open heart surgery.
Methods & Materials: In this double-group randomized clinical trial, 64 family carers of patients undergone open heart surgery were selected using convenience sampling method and were randomly allocated into two intervention or control groups. The informational support consistedof holding the ICU orientation tours and educational sessions, and providing educational pamphlets and booklets. The members of the control group received routin information. The anxiety of the family carers was measured using the trait Spielberger anxiety questionnaire before surgery and in the day of discharge from the ICU. Independent and paired t-tests were used to analyze the data.
Results: According to the findings, there were no significant difference between the two groups regarding demographic charachteristics. At the baseline, the mean of anxiety scores were 47.9±11.5 and 49.2±11.5 in the control and intervetion groups, respectively. The anxiety scores diminished in both groups after the surgery, however, the difference was not statistically significant between the two groups (P=0.18).
Conclusion: For effective control of anxiety among family members of patients, both informational support and other supportive techniques such as psychological support and meeting other family needs should be considered.
Ravanbakhsh Esmaeili, Fazlollah Ahmadi, Eesa Mohammadi, Abdolhakim Tirgari Seraj,
Volume 18, Issue 5 (2-2013)
Abstract
Background & Aim: Increase in cancer prevalence results in feeling fear of being diagnosed with cancer among individuals. Understanding concerns of patients diagnosed with cancer helps health care professionals to provide appropriate caring plans. This study aimed to understand main concerns of patients who confront cancer diagnosis.
Methods & Materials: This was a qualitative study with content analysis approach. Fifteen patients with cancer were selected from a specialized hospital, an oncology clinic, and Emdad Center of Cancer patients in Sari using a purposeful sampling method during May 2011 to June 2012. The sample size was completed regarding data saturation. Data were collected using interviews, observations and recording field notes. All interviews were tape-recorded and transcribed verbatim. Data were analyzed using descriptive content analysis and the Granhim and Landmann method.
Results: Three categories including 485 primary codes were emerged. The derived codes were as follows: 1) sever personal and family disturbance 2) imagination of despair and 3) unclear imagination of future. The main code included in all derived codes was life threatening nature of cancer.
Conclusion: The findings showed that life threatening nature of cancer is a source of fear that makes the disease frightening. Clinical staff and nurses should pay more attention to concerns of patients with cancer and design their care plan accordingly.
Elnaz Asghari, Tahereh Khaleghdoost, Ehsan Kazemnejhad, Fariba Asgari,
Volume 18, Issue 5 (2-2013)
Abstract
Background & Aim: Recognizing and modifying organizational commitment and its related factors is important. It seems that nurses&apos attitudes towards learning organizations influence their organizational commitment. This study aimed to determine the relationship between nurses&apos attitudes towards learning organizations and organizational commitment.
Methods & Materials: In this descriptive-correlative study, 719 nurses working in Rasht educational hospitals were recruited to the study. We gathered data using the Porter organizational commitment questionnaire and the Jeong learning organization questionnaire. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and the Spearman and t-tests in the SPSS-18.
Results: Most of the nurses were female (94.7%) and registered (35.3%). The mean (SD) age of the nurses was 32.13 (6.98). The mean (SD) of the organizational commitment was 27.10 (42.50). The mean (SD) of the learning organization was 92.72 (10.04). The relationship between the organizational commitment and nurses&apos attitudes towards learning organizations was statistically significant (r=0.482 P<0.0001).
Conclusion: It seems improving nurses&apos attitudes towards learning organizations may result in better organizational commitments.
Fatemeh Jowzi, Tahereh Hashemifard, Mohammadali Morowatisharifabad, Zeinab Bashir,
Volume 19, Issue 1 (7-2013)
Abstract
Background & Aim: Cervical cancer is the fourth common cancer worldwide. Pap smear is a usual t est to screen cervical cancer. The aim of the present study was to determine factors associated with Pap smear screening among married women aged 15-49 years in Lamerd health centers based on the Protection Motivation Theory .
Methods & Materials: In this cross-sectional study, 220 married women aged 15-49 years were selected. Data were gathered using a questionnaire designed based on the Protection Motivation Theory. The questionnaires were completed via individual interviews with the participants. Validity and reliability of the questionnaire were approved. Data were analysed using the Kruskal-Wallis, U-Man Whitney test and c 2 in the SPSS-16.
Results: Most of the participants ( 40%) had a high school diploma and 70% of them were housewives. Most of the participants (65.6%) had used the test once at least. There were statistically significant relationships between the use of Pap smear with the protection motivation against cervical cancer (P<0.001 ), perceived self-efficacy ( P =0.002 ), perceived response efficacy ( P =0.007 ) and perceived costs ( P <0.001 ) .
Conclusion: Regarding the statistically significant relationships between the constructs of the Protection Motivation Theory and the use of Pap smear screening test among women , it is recommended to design educational programs based on the Protection Motivation Theory to encourage married women for using Pap smear screening test.
Masoud Fallahi Khoshknab,
Volume 19, Issue 3 (12-2013)
Abstract
Nearly a century has passed since the establishment of nursing education programs in Iran. The first nursing school was established in 1916 (1294 Solar Hijri) in Urmia and moved to Tabriz after a year due to the World War.
Also, nursing research in Iran has a history of nearly half a century. Nursing research in Iran first began independently in 1970s (1350s SH) with starting admission in master of nursing by nursing schools. Before that, nurses usually participated in studies as an assistant. Most nursing research in this decade included descriptive research performed by master students as their dissertations which were mainly guided by non-nurse supervisors.
In 1980s (1360s SH), nursing research became more analytical and nurses began to analyze the contributing factors in addition to their description and conduct epidemiological studies. The research findings were often presented in medical congresses, however few scientific congresses were held by nursing and midwifery schools in this decade which had significant role in current status of nursing research.
