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This research is a descriptive study in order to assess barriers and facilitators of research utilization among nurses working in teaching hospitals in Tabriz, year 2001. The aim is to identify causes of low extent of utilization and also to assess barriers and facilitators of researches. This study was conducted upon 304 nurses working in 12 teaching hospitals of Tabriz, which were selected by random sampling. Instrument used for study was questionnaire. Data were analyzed using SPSS (10). The results of this study showed that three major barriers for research utilization included: 1) inadequate facilities for implementation, 2) Physicians will not cooperate with implementation and 3) the nurses do not have sufficient time to read researches. Facilitators which nurses suggested, emphasized on the role of education in enhancing their knowledge and skills of research evaluation.

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Background & Aim: Teamwork (between obstetricians and midwives) is one of the main pillars of success in the provision of appropriate services in the maternity wards. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the factors influencing teamwork in a maternity ward in a public hospital in Tehran, Iran.

Methods & Materials: In this qualitative study, nine midwives and four obstetricians were selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews from an affiliated hospital of Tehran University of Medical Sciences in 2013-2014. Data were analyzed using conventional content analysis.

Results: Two themes including the teamwork barriers (four categories) and facilitators (three categories) were extracted from the data analysis. The main categories of teamwork barriers were the underlying issues (inter-professional conflicts, legal issues, and salary and financial issues), individual problems (physical problems, negative personality characteristics and domestic problems), lack of skills (lack of abilities and motivation, educational weakness and lack of experience) and the external management system (inappropriate policy making and planning, hierarchical structure, lack of team evaluation and lack of justice). The main categories of teamwork facilitators were the internal management of team (good leader or manager, appropriate workplace climate, values clarification of the team members’ practices, and proper implementation of regulations), cooperation, collaboration and empathy (help and cooperation and empathy and support), and essential personal qualities for teamwork (good communication and good personality characteristics).

Conclusion: In this study, the teamwork barriers and facilitators in the maternity wards were comprehensively identified at different levels. According to the results, interventions can be designed and implemented to enhance teamwork.

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Background & Aim: With the increasing phenomenon of elder abuse in today's societies, understanding the facilitating and inhibiting factors related to abuse seems necessary. The purpose of this study was to explain the facilitators of elder abuse in Iranian society.
Methods & Materials: This is a qualitative study that used a thematic analysis approach to collect and analyze data in order to explain the elderly’s perceptions of the facilitators of abuse. In this study, 20 elderly people in the community were selected by purposeful sampling. The data were collected by in-depth, semi-structured and face-to-face individual interviews. The Braun and Clark’s thematic analysis was used to analyze the data.
Results: The results of data analysis led to the identification of three themes including role modeling, evacuation of failures, and cultural-familial context of the society. The third theme had three sub-themes intergenerational gap, parenting style and society’s indifference.
Conclusion: Abuse is the result of a combination of causes and factors. The elderly’ experiences suggest that abuse goes beyond a personal matter and is rooted in cultural, social, and economic practices. Today, it is not acceptance of each other and disregard for the expectations of the other party that gives rise many contradictions and abuses at the family and community level.